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  1. Article ; Online: Experimentally Induced Hypoglycemia-associated Autonomic Failure in Humans: Determinants, Designs, and Drawbacks.

    Bisgaard Bengtsen, Mads / Møller, Niels

    Journal of the Endocrine Society

    2022  Volume 6, Issue 10, Page(s) bvac123

    Abstract: Context: Iatrogenic hypoglycemia remains one of the leading hindrances of optimal glycemic management in insulin-treated diabetes. Recurring hypoglycemia leads to a condition of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF). HAAF refers to a ... ...

    Abstract Context: Iatrogenic hypoglycemia remains one of the leading hindrances of optimal glycemic management in insulin-treated diabetes. Recurring hypoglycemia leads to a condition of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF). HAAF refers to a combination of (i) impaired hormonal counterregulatory responses and (ii) hypoglycemia unawareness to subsequent hypoglycemia, substantially increasing the risk of severe hypoglycemia. Several studies since the 1990s have experimentally induced HAAF, yielding variable results.
    Objective: The aim of this review was to assess the varying designs, clinical outcomes, potential assets, and drawbacks related to these studies.
    Method: A systemic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Embase in winter 2021 to include all human studies attempting to experimentally induce HAAF. In different combinations, the search terms used were "hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure," "HAAF," "hypoglycemia," "recurring," "recurrent," "repeated," "consecutive," and "unawareness," yielding 1565 publications. Inclusion criteria were studies that had aimed at experimentally inducing HAAF and measuring outcomes of hormonal counterregulation and awareness of hypoglycemia.
    Results: The literature search yielded 27 eligible publications, of which 20 were successful in inducing HAAF while statistical significantly impairing
    Conclusion: Here we have outlined the most important factors to take into consideration when designing a study aimed at inducing HAAF, including to take into consideration other disease states susceptible to hypoglycemia, thus hopefully clarifying the field and allowing qualified studies in the future.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2472-1972
    ISSN (online) 2472-1972
    DOI 10.1210/jendso/bvac123
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Mini-review: Glucagon responses in type 1 diabetes - a matter of complexity.

    Bisgaard Bengtsen, Mads / Møller, Niels

    Physiological reports

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 16, Page(s) e15009

    Abstract: In recent years the role of altered alpha cell function and glucagon secretion in type 1 diabetes has attracted scientific attention. It is well established that glucagon responses to hypoglycemia are absent in type 1 diabetes, but more uncertain whether ...

    Abstract In recent years the role of altered alpha cell function and glucagon secretion in type 1 diabetes has attracted scientific attention. It is well established that glucagon responses to hypoglycemia are absent in type 1 diabetes, but more uncertain whether it is intact following other physiological and metabolic stimuli compared with nondiabetic individuals. The aim of this review is to (i) summarize current knowledge on glucagon responses during hypoglycemia in normal physiology and type 1 diabetes, and (ii) review human in vivo studies investigating glucagon responses after other stimuli in individuals with type 1 diabetes and nondiabetic individuals. Available data suggest that in type 1 diabetes the absence of glucagon secretion after hypoglycemia is irreversible. This is a scenario specific to hypoglycemia, since other stimuli, including administration of amino acids, insulin withdrawal, lipopolysaccharide exposure and exercise lead to substantial glucagon responses though attenuated compared to nondiabetic individuals in head-to-head studies. The derailed glucagon secretion is not confined to hypoglycemia as individuals with type 1 diabetes, as opposed to nondiabetic individuals display glucagon hypersecretion after meals, thereby potentially contributing to insulin resistance. The complexity of these phenomena may relate to activation of distinct regulatory pathways controlling glucagon secretion i.e., intra-islet paracrine signaling, direct and autonomic nervous signaling.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology ; Exercise ; Glucagon/metabolism ; Glucagon-Secreting Cells/drug effects ; Glucagon-Secreting Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Glucagon (9007-92-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2724325-4
    ISSN 2051-817X ; 2051-817X
    ISSN (online) 2051-817X
    ISSN 2051-817X
    DOI 10.14814/phy2.15009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Transdermal Estrogen Therapy Improves Gains in Skeletal Muscle Mass After 12 Weeks of Resistance Training in Early Postmenopausal Women.

    Dam, Tine Vrist / Dalgaard, Line Barner / Ringgaard, Steffen / Johansen, Frank Ted / Bisgaard Bengtsen, Mads / Mose, Maike / Lauritsen, Katrine Meyer / Ørtenblad, Niels / Gravholt, Claus H / Hansen, Mette

    Frontiers in physiology

    2021  Volume 11, Page(s) 596130

    Abstract: Context: Women show an accelerated loss of muscle mass around menopause, possibly related to the decline in estrogen. Furthermore, the anabolic response to resistance exercise seems to be hampered in postmenopausal women.: Objective: We aimed to test ...

    Abstract Context: Women show an accelerated loss of muscle mass around menopause, possibly related to the decline in estrogen. Furthermore, the anabolic response to resistance exercise seems to be hampered in postmenopausal women.
    Objective: We aimed to test the hypothesis that transdermal estrogen therapy (ET) amplifies the skeletal muscle response to resistance training in early postmenopausal women.
    Design: A double-blinded randomized controlled study.
    Setting: Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark.
    Participants: Thirty-one healthy, untrained postmenopausal women no more than 5 years past menopause.
    Interventions: Supervised resistance training with placebo (PLC,
    Main outcome measures: The primary outcome parameter was a cross-sectional area of quadriceps femoris measured by magnetic resonance imaging, and secondary parameters were fat-free mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle strength, and functional tests.
    Results: The increase in muscle cross-sectional area was significantly greater in the ET group (7.9%) compared with the PLC group (3.9%) (
    Conclusion: The use of transdermal ET enhanced the increase in muscle mass in response to 12 weeks of progressive resistance training in early postmenopausal women.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564217-0
    ISSN 1664-042X
    ISSN 1664-042X
    DOI 10.3389/fphys.2020.596130
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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