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  1. Book ; Thesis: Mechanical stimulation of bone healing

    Bishop, Nicholas

    (Berichte aus der Biomechanik)

    2007  

    Author's details Nicholas Bishop
    Series title Berichte aus der Biomechanik
    Keywords Frakturheilung ; Biomechanische Stimulation ; Tiermodell
    Subject BMS ; Knochenbruch ; Bruchheilung
    Language English
    Size IX, 153 S. : Ill., zahlr. graph. Darst.
    Publisher Shaker
    Publishing place Aachen
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Book ; Thesis
    Thesis / German Habilitation thesis Hamburg-Harburg, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2006
    HBZ-ID HT015337339
    ISBN 978-3-8322-6600-4 ; 3-8322-6600-3
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2008 A 6923 order for loan Magazin

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  2. Article ; Online: A Prospective Cohort Study of Racial/Ethnic Variation in the Association between Change in Cystatin C and Dietary Quality in Older Americans.

    Bishop, Nicholas / Zhu, Jie

    The British journal of nutrition

    2022  , Page(s) 1–30

    Abstract: Using a sample of U.S. adults aged 65 and older, we examined the role of dietary quality in cystatin C change over 4 years and whether this association varied by race/ethnicity. The Health and Retirement Study provided observations with biomarkers ... ...

    Abstract Using a sample of U.S. adults aged 65 and older, we examined the role of dietary quality in cystatin C change over 4 years and whether this association varied by race/ethnicity. The Health and Retirement Study provided observations with biomarkers collected in 2012 and 2016, participant attributes measured in 2012, and dietary intake assessed in 2013. The sample was restricted to respondents who were non-Hispanic/Latino White (n = 789), non-Hispanic/Latino Black (n = 108), or Hispanic/Latino (n = 61). Serum cystatin C was constructed to be equivalent to the 1999-2002 NHANES scale. Dietary intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with diet quality measured using an energy-adjusted form of the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010). Statistical analyses were conducted using autoregressive linear modeling adjusting for covariates and complex sampling design. Cystatin C slightly increased from 1.2 mg/L to 1.3 mg/L over the observational period. Greater energy-adjusted AHEI-2010 scores were associated with slower increase in cystatin C from 2012-2016. Among respondents reporting moderately low to low dietary quality, Hispanic/Latinos had significantly slower increases in cystatin C than their non-Hispanic/Latino White counterparts. Our results speak to the importance of considering racial/ethnic determinants of dietary intake and subsequent changes in health in aging populations. Further work is needed to address measurement issues including further validation of dietary intake questionnaires in diverse samples of older adults.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280396-3
    ISSN 1475-2662 ; 0007-1145
    ISSN (online) 1475-2662
    ISSN 0007-1145
    DOI 10.1017/S0007114522001040
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Isotropic Nature of the Metallic Kagome Ferromagnet Fe

    Dally, Rebecca L / Phelan, Daniel / Bishop, Nicholas / Ghimire, Nirmal J / Lynn, Jeffrey W

    Crystals

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 3

    Abstract: Anisotropy and competing exchange interactions have emerged as two central ingredients needed for centrosymmetric materials to exhibit topological spin textures. ... ...

    Abstract Anisotropy and competing exchange interactions have emerged as two central ingredients needed for centrosymmetric materials to exhibit topological spin textures. Fe
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2661516-2
    ISSN 2073-4352 ; 2073-4352
    ISSN (online) 2073-4352
    ISSN 2073-4352
    DOI 10.3390/cryst11030307
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Cohort Trends in the Burden of Multiple Chronic Conditions Among Aging U.S. Adults.

    Bishop, Nicholas J / Haas, Steven A / Quiñones, Ana R

    The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences

    2022  Volume 77, Issue 10, Page(s) 1867–1879

    Abstract: Objectives: Multimorbidity, also referred to as multiple chronic conditions (MCCs), is the concurrent presence of 2 or more chronic health conditions. Increasing multimorbidity represents a substantial threat to the health of aging populations. Recent ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Multimorbidity, also referred to as multiple chronic conditions (MCCs), is the concurrent presence of 2 or more chronic health conditions. Increasing multimorbidity represents a substantial threat to the health of aging populations. Recent trends suggest greater risk of poor health and mortality among later-born cohorts, yet we are unaware of work examining cohort differences in multimorbidity among aging U.S. adults.
    Methods: We examine intercohort variation in MCC burden in adults aged 51 years and older using 20 years (n = 33,598; 1998-2018) of repeated assessment drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. The index of MCCs included 9 chronic conditions (heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, arthritis, lung disease, cancer excluding skin cancer, high depressive symptoms, and cognitive impairment). We used linear mixed models with various approaches to estimate age/period/cohort effects to model intercohort patterns in MCC burden. We also explored variation in the specific conditions driving cohort differences in multimorbidity.
    Results: More recent cohorts had greater MCC burden and developed multimorbidity at earlier ages than those born to prior generations. The burden of chronic conditions was patterned by life-course sociodemographic factors and childhood health for all cohorts. Among adults with multimorbidity, arthritis and hypertension were the most prevalent conditions for all cohorts, and there was evidence that high depressive symptoms and diabetes contributed to the observed cohort differences in multimorbidity risk.
    Discussion: Our results suggest increasing multimorbidity burden among more recently born cohorts of aging U.S. adults and should inform policy to address diminishing health in aging populations.
    MeSH term(s) Aging ; Arthritis/epidemiology ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Humans ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Multiple Chronic Conditions/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1223664-0
    ISSN 1758-5368 ; 1079-5014
    ISSN (online) 1758-5368
    ISSN 1079-5014
    DOI 10.1093/geronb/gbac070
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: A parametric numerical analysis of femoral stem impaction.

    Bishop, Nicholas E / Wright, Phil / Preutenborbeck, Martin

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) e0268561

    Abstract: Press-fitted implants are implanted by impaction to ensure adequate seating, but without overloading the components, the surgeon, or the patient. To understand this interrelationship a uniaxial discretised model of the hammer/introducer/implant/bone/soft- ...

    Abstract Press-fitted implants are implanted by impaction to ensure adequate seating, but without overloading the components, the surgeon, or the patient. To understand this interrelationship a uniaxial discretised model of the hammer/introducer/implant/bone/soft-tissues was developed. A parametric analysis of applied energy, component materials and geometry, and interactions between implant and bone and between bone and soft-tissues was performed, with implant seating and component stresses as outcome variables. To reduce the impaction effort (energy) required by the surgeon for implant seating and also reduce stresses in the hardware the following outcomes were observed: Reduce energy per hit with more hits / Increase hammer mass / Decrease introducer mass / Increase implant-bone resistance (eg stem roughness). Hardware stiffness and patient mechanics were found to be less important and soft tissue forces, due to inertial protection by the bone mass, were so low that their damage would be unlikely. This simple model provides a basic understanding of how stress waves travel through the impacted system, and an understanding of their relevance to implantation technique and component design.
    MeSH term(s) Bone Density ; Bone and Bones ; Femur/surgery ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Prostheses and Implants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0268561
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Investigating walnut consumption and cognitive trajectories in a representative sample of older US adults.

    Bishop, Nicholas J / Zuniga, Krystle E

    Public health nutrition

    2020  Volume 24, Issue 7, Page(s) 1741–1752

    Abstract: Objective: Existing research suggests walnut intake may be associated with better cognitive function in older adults, yet few studies utilise longitudinal data from observational studies of ageing populations. Our objective was to estimate the ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Existing research suggests walnut intake may be associated with better cognitive function in older adults, yet few studies utilise longitudinal data from observational studies of ageing populations. Our objective was to estimate the association between whole walnut intake and cognitive change in a representative sample of older Americans.
    Design: Secondary analysis of the Health and Retirement Study and Health Care and Nutrition Study. Walnut consumption was defined as a categorical measure (none, low intake (0·01-0·08 1 oz. servings per day) and moderate intake (>0·08 1 oz. servings per day)) and cognitive function was measured using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Latent growth modelling estimated the association between walnut consumption and trajectories of cognitive status over a 4-year observational period. Sensitivity analyses assessing non-random dropout and Monte Carlo power analyses were conducted to contextualise results.
    Setting: The USA.
    Participants: A sample of 3632 US adults aged 65 years and older.
    Results: Those reporting any walnut consumption had greater cognitive scores at baseline than those not consuming walnuts (low walnut consumption, b = 1·53, se = 0·21, P < 0·001; moderate walnut consumption, b = 2·22, se = 0·27, P < 0·001), but walnut consumption was not associated with cognitive change. Walnut consumption was positively associated with socioeconomic status and health behaviours as well as intake of nutrients identified to have neuroprotective benefits.
    Conclusions: We identified an association between walnut consumption and cognitive function in older adults, although we did not find that walnut consumption was protective against age-related cognitive decline.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Cognition ; Diet ; Humans ; Juglans ; Middle Aged ; Nuts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1436024-x
    ISSN 1475-2727 ; 1368-9800
    ISSN (online) 1475-2727
    ISSN 1368-9800
    DOI 10.1017/S1368980020001287
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Book ; Online: Explicit Explore, Exploit, or Escape ($E^4$)

    Bossens, David M. / Bishop, Nicholas

    near-optimal safety-constrained reinforcement learning in polynomial time

    2021  

    Abstract: In reinforcement learning (RL), an agent must explore an initially unknown environment in order to learn a desired behaviour. When RL agents are deployed in real world environments, safety is of primary concern. Constrained Markov decision processes ( ... ...

    Abstract In reinforcement learning (RL), an agent must explore an initially unknown environment in order to learn a desired behaviour. When RL agents are deployed in real world environments, safety is of primary concern. Constrained Markov decision processes (CMDPs) can provide long-term safety constraints; however, the agent may violate the constraints in an effort to explore its environment. This paper proposes a model-based RL algorithm called Explicit Explore, Exploit, or Escape ($E^{4}$), which extends the Explicit Explore or Exploit ($E^{3}$) algorithm to a robust CMDP setting. $E^4$ explicitly separates exploitation, exploration, and escape CMDPs, allowing targeted policies for policy improvement across known states, discovery of unknown states, as well as safe return to known states. $E^4$ robustly optimises these policies on the worst-case CMDP from a set of CMDP models consistent with the empirical observations of the deployment environment. Theoretical results show that $E^4$ finds a near-optimal constraint-satisfying policy in polynomial time whilst satisfying safety constraints throughout the learning process. We then discuss $E^4$ as a practical algorithmic framework, including robust-constrained offline optimisation algorithms, the design of uncertainty sets for the transition dynamics of unknown states, and how to further leverage empirical observations and prior knowledge to relax some of the worst-case assumptions underlying the theory.

    Comment: Accepted at Machine Learning
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Robotics
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2021-11-14
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Investigating walnut consumption and cognitive trajectories in a representative sample of older US adults

    Bishop, Nicholas J / Zuniga, Krystle E

    Public health nutrition. 2021 May, v. 24, no. 7

    2021  

    Abstract: Existing research suggests walnut intake may be associated with better cognitive function in older adults, yet few studies utilise longitudinal data from observational studies of ageing populations. Our objective was to estimate the association between ... ...

    Abstract Existing research suggests walnut intake may be associated with better cognitive function in older adults, yet few studies utilise longitudinal data from observational studies of ageing populations. Our objective was to estimate the association between whole walnut intake and cognitive change in a representative sample of older Americans. Secondary analysis of the Health and Retirement Study and Health Care and Nutrition Study. Walnut consumption was defined as a categorical measure (none, low intake (0·01–0·08 1 oz. servings per day) and moderate intake (>0·08 1 oz. servings per day)) and cognitive function was measured using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Latent growth modelling estimated the association between walnut consumption and trajectories of cognitive status over a 4-year observational period. Sensitivity analyses assessing non-random dropout and Monte Carlo power analyses were conducted to contextualise results. The USA. A sample of 3632 US adults aged 65 years and older. Those reporting any walnut consumption had greater cognitive scores at baseline than those not consuming walnuts (low walnut consumption, b = 1·53, se = 0·21, P < 0·001; moderate walnut consumption, b = 2·22, se = 0·27, P < 0·001), but walnut consumption was not associated with cognitive change. Walnut consumption was positively associated with socioeconomic status and health behaviours as well as intake of nutrients identified to have neuroprotective benefits. We identified an association between walnut consumption and cognitive function in older adults, although we did not find that walnut consumption was protective against age-related cognitive decline.
    Keywords cognition ; cognitive disorders ; health services ; nutrition ; public health ; socioeconomic status ; telephones ; walnuts
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-05
    Size p. 1741-1752.
    Publishing place Cambridge University Press
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 1436024-x
    ISSN 1475-2727 ; 1368-9800
    ISSN (online) 1475-2727
    ISSN 1368-9800
    DOI 10.1017/S1368980020001287
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Early childhood hospitalization and problematic behaviors: A propensity score analysis.

    Flynn, Toria B / Goble, Priscilla M / Bishop, Nicholas J / Weimer, Amy A

    Journal of child health care : for professionals working with children in the hospital and community

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 86–103

    Abstract: Existing research suggests that children who experience poverty and hospitalization in early childhood are at risk of developing behavior problems. We examined whether the association between early childhood hospitalization and children's internalizing ... ...

    Abstract Existing research suggests that children who experience poverty and hospitalization in early childhood are at risk of developing behavior problems. We examined whether the association between early childhood hospitalization and children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors were moderated by family poverty status and child sex. Participants included 224 children from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. There was no direct association between hospitalization and problematic behaviors. Poverty status during early childhood, but not child sex, significantly moderated the association between hospitalization and externalizing problems. Findings support the need for community programs that promote an integrative approach to healthcare for families experiencing poverty.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Propensity Score ; Poverty ; Hospitalization ; Child Behavior Disorders
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2299167-0
    ISSN 1741-2889 ; 1367-4935
    ISSN (online) 1741-2889
    ISSN 1367-4935
    DOI 10.1177/13674935221102707
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  10. Article ; Online: Cognitive Function Among Noncustodial Grandparents in China and the United States: A Cross-National Perspective.

    Pan, Xi / Luo, Ye / Bishop, Nicholas Joseph

    International journal of aging & human development

    2021  Volume 95, Issue 1, Page(s) 18–41

    Abstract: The current study aimed to investigate the association between grandparenting and cognitive function over time in noncustodial grandparents in China and the United States. Lagged dependent variable (LDV) approach and linear regression models were applied ...

    Abstract The current study aimed to investigate the association between grandparenting and cognitive function over time in noncustodial grandparents in China and the United States. Lagged dependent variable (LDV) approach and linear regression models were applied to analyze a sample of 1,411 Chinese and 6,579 American adults aged 65 and above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2013) and the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2012-2014). Grandparenting involvement was associated with less decline in episodic memory for grandparents and greater level of grandparenting had no negative effect on mental status and global cognitive function in noncustodial grandparents in China and the United States. The impact of grandparenting on cognitive function was conditioned on caregiving intensity, gender, urban/rural residence, and nation. Findings of the study suggest that greater attention on grandparenting facilitation might yield improved research, social support, policy, and interventions on cognitive health for the general older population.
    MeSH term(s) China/epidemiology ; Cognition ; Grandparents/psychology ; Humans ; Intergenerational Relations ; Longitudinal Studies ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 187072-5
    ISSN 1541-3535 ; 0091-4150
    ISSN (online) 1541-3535
    ISSN 0091-4150
    DOI 10.1177/00914150211050877
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