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Article ; Online: In-vivo evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of Cyphostemma adenocaule (Steud. ex A.Rich)

Abebe, Dehnnet / Karim, Aman / Bitew, Helen / Periasamy, Gomathi

Heliyon. 2022 Dec., v. 8, no. 12 p.e12377-

2022

Abstract: Various indigenous medicinal systems including Ethiopians used Cyphostemma adenocaule for managing tumors, helminthiasis, snake envenomation, rabis virus, splenomegaly, and other immunological disorders. However, no scientific study was conducted to ... ...

Abstract	Various indigenous medicinal systems including Ethiopians used Cyphostemma adenocaule for managing tumors, helminthiasis, snake envenomation, rabis virus, splenomegaly, and other immunological disorders. However, no scientific study was conducted to validate these traditional medicinal claims of the plant. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the in-vivo immunomodulatory activity of the crude root extract and its solvent fractions. Carbon clearance rate and humoral antibody titer were determined for 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of crude extract and solvent fractions among Swiss albino mice. Carbon ink and sheep red blood cells were used as antigens for carbon clearance assay and humoral antibody titer respectively. Among all groups, an increase in both carbon clearance rate and the humoral antibody titer was observed with an increase in the dose of both crude extract and solvent fractions. Compared to the solvent fractions of comparable doses, the crude extract showed better activity. The crude extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg revealed the highest and statistically significant augmentation of carbon clearance rate (0.1100 ± 0.0124) and humoral antibody titer (96.00 ± 14.31) compared to the vehicle control group. From our study, it is concluded that crude extract and n-butanol fraction showed promising immunostimulant activity by enhancing carbon clearance rate and humoral antibody titer.
Keywords	Cyphostemma ; albino ; antibodies ; blood ; butanol ; carbon ; helminthiasis ; immunostimulants ; root extracts ; sheep ; snakes ; solvents ; splenomegaly ; viruses ; Cyphostemma adenocaule ; Carbon clearance ; Humoral antibody titer ; Phagocytosis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12377
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Fahr Syndrome Presenting With Status Epilepticus After COVID-19 Infection.

Bitew, Helen Yifter / Kambutse, Immaculate / Tuyizere, Aloys / Claude, Gakumba

JCEM case reports

2023 Volume 1, Issue 3, Page(s) luad072

Abstract: Hypoparathyroidism is a rare metabolic disease. In addition to symptoms of hypocalcemia, chronic hypoparathyroidism can result in brain calcifications leading to Fahr syndrome. Hypoparathyroidism most commonly results as a postsurgical complication, with ...

Abstract	Hypoparathyroidism is a rare metabolic disease. In addition to symptoms of hypocalcemia, chronic hypoparathyroidism can result in brain calcifications leading to Fahr syndrome. Hypoparathyroidism most commonly results as a postsurgical complication, with autoimmune disease the second most common etiology. Here we report a 48-year-old man with symptoms of chronic hypocalcemia who presented with status epilepticus following severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. In addition to severe hypocalcemia, he was found to have an inappropriately low serum parathyroid hormone level and basal ganglia calcifications visualized on head computed tomography scan. He was treated with intravenous calcium infusion prior to transition to orally administered calcium, calcitriol, and high-dose cholecalciferol (vitamin D3).
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2755-1520
ISSN (online)	2755-1520
DOI	10.1210/jcemcr/luad072
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Article: Evaluation of the Effect of Hydroethanolic Root Extract and Solvent Fractions of

Abebe, Dehnnet / Periasamy, Gomathi / Karim, Aman / Bitew, Helen

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

2021 Volume 2021, Page(s) 1838903

Abstract: Introduction: Cyphostemma adenocaule: Objective: To evaluate the effect of hydroethanolic root extract and solvent fractions of : Materials and methods: Acute oral toxicity test was conducted using nulliparous and nonpregnant Swiss albino mice ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Cyphostemma adenocaule Objective: To evaluate the effect of hydroethanolic root extract and solvent fractions of Materials and methods: Acute oral toxicity test was conducted using nulliparous and nonpregnant Swiss albino mice following OECD 425 limit test method. Delayed-type hypersensitivity model was used to evaluate the effect on cell-mediated immunity. The experimental animals were divided into twelve groups which were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells on day 0 and day 7, respectively. Levamisole 50 mg/kg was used as stimulant control, whereas cyclophosphamide 30 mg/kg was used as suppressant control. Hydroethanolic root extract (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg), aqueous fraction (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg), and Results: No mortality and noticeable behavioral changes were observed among all mice receiving hydroethanolic root extract and solvent fractions at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Hydroethanolic root extract and solvent fractions of Conclusion: Hydroethanolic root extract and solvent fractions of
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2171158-6
ISSN	1741-4288 ; 1741-427X
ISSN (online)	1741-4288
ISSN	1741-427X
DOI	10.1155/2021/1838903
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Article: The Genus

Bitew, Helen / Hymete, Ariaya

Frontiers in pharmacology

2019 Volume 10, Page(s) 1234

Abstract: ... The ... ...

Abstract	The genus
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2587355-6
ISSN	1663-9812
ISSN	1663-9812
DOI	10.3389/fphar.2019.01234
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Article: The Outcome of Salt Treatment for Umbilical Granuloma: A Systematic Review.

Haftu, Hansa / Bitew, Helen / Gebrekidan, Atsede / Gebrearegay, Hailemariam

Patient preference and adherence

2020 Volume 14, Page(s) 2085–2092

Abstract: Background: An umbilical granuloma is one of the common umbilical masses in young children which appears after the cords fall off, mainly due to an inflammatory reaction to subclinical infections. Though there are different recommendations of treatment ... ...

Abstract	Background: An umbilical granuloma is one of the common umbilical masses in young children which appears after the cords fall off, mainly due to an inflammatory reaction to subclinical infections. Though there are different recommendations of treatment modalities, which management modality is the best is not clear yet. Objective: This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of salt treatment in terms of complete resolution of the granuloma, any adverse effect, and any recurrence risk in those patients treated as inpatient or outpatient care. Methodology: The literature search was done using search engines including Google scholar, PubMed, and Medlin. Articles published since 1990 and written in the English language with a target population of young children (less than 24 months) were included. To retrieve the articles, umbilical granuloma, treatment of umbilical granuloma, salt treatment, and neonatal umbilical disorder were used as keywords. Results: This systematic review indicated that the majority of the studies done on salt treatment for umbilical granuloma show excellent response (complete resolution of the granuloma/discharge) with no adverse effect and no recurrence in the subsequent follow-up of the patients in almost all cases of the treatment group. Salt inside the occluded hyperosmolar chamber causes shrinkage of granuloma by a desiccant effect. Conclusion: Cooking salt treatment for umbilical granuloma is effective, cheap, available, and easy to apply by non-health professionals. No side effects have been reported yet and a recurrence of the granuloma after treatment seems to be null.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-30
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2455848-5
ISSN	1177-889X
ISSN	1177-889X
DOI	10.2147/PPA.S283011
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Article ; Online: Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive property of Capparis tomentosa Lam. root extracts.

Tekulu, Gebretsadkan Hintsa / Hiluf, Teref / Brhanu, Hailu / Araya, Ephrem Mebrahtu / Bitew, Helen / Haile, Tesfay

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2020 Volume 253, Page(s) 112654

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Capparis tomentosa Lam. root is one of the commonly used traditional medicines for the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions by the Kunama ethnic group of Ethiopia. Yet, its ethnomedicinal claim has not been ... ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Capparis tomentosa Lam. root is one of the commonly used traditional medicines for the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions by the Kunama ethnic group of Ethiopia. Yet, its ethnomedicinal claim has not been scientifically investigated. Aim of the study: This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociception activities of root extracts of Capparis tomentosa Lam. Materials and methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of the 70% ethanolic extracts and solvent fractions was determined using invitro hyaluronidase inhibition assay and in vivo carrageenan-induced paw edema in Swiss albino mice model. The anti-nociception effect was determined using the acetic acid-induced writhing model and tail immersion model in Swiss albino mice. Results: The root extract of Capparis tomentosa has exhibited significant hyaluronidase inhibition activity which was comparable with the reference drug, indomethacin. Significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema was observed in all the test sample treated mice compared to the negative control with the highest activity observed from butanol fraction which was equivalent to the effect of acetylsalicylic acid. All the root extract and solvent fractions have possessed a significant and dose-dependent abdominal writhing inhibition with the highest effect observed in the aqueous fraction. Additionally, the crude extract was found better in increasing the reaction latency of the mice to the hot water stimulus than the solvent fractions which were significant after 60-120 min compared to the distilled water treated group. The root extract and solvent fractions were also found safe at a single oral dose of 2 mg/g in Swiss albino mice. Conclusion: The findings of the present study may partially support the folkloric use of Capparis tomentosa root for the treatment of pain and inflammation.
MeSH term(s)	Acetic Acid ; Analgesics/chemistry ; Analgesics/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Capparis ; Carrageenan ; Edema/chemically induced ; Edema/drug therapy ; Female ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/chemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Pain/chemically induced ; Pain/drug therapy ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use ; Plant Roots ; Toxicity Tests, Acute
Chemical Substances	Analgesics ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Plant Extracts ; Carrageenan (9000-07-1) ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.35) ; Acetic Acid (Q40Q9N063P)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-05
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2020.112654
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Article: Does Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Provide Better Treatment Outcomes in HIV-Infected Individuals in Northern Ethiopia? A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Atey, Tesfay Mehari / Bitew, Helen / Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal / Endrias, Asrat / Berhe, Derbew Fikadu

AIDS research and treatment

2020 Volume 2020, Page(s) 7025738

Abstract: Objectives: Early antiretroviral therapy (ART), isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), and isoniazid-rifapentine (3HP) are effective strategies for preventing tuberculosis (TB) among people living with HIV (PLHIV). The study aimed to determine the effect ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Early antiretroviral therapy (ART), isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), and isoniazid-rifapentine (3HP) are effective strategies for preventing tuberculosis (TB) among people living with HIV (PLHIV). The study aimed to determine the effect of IPT on the TB incidence, follow-up CD4 Results: The follow-up CD4 Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effect of IPT in reducing incidence of TB and all-cause mortality rate and improving follow-up CD4
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2573930-X
ISSN	2090-1259 ; 2090-1240
ISSN (online)	2090-1259
ISSN	2090-1240
DOI	10.1155/2020/7025738
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Article: Antimicrobial Evaluation of Latex and TLC Fractions from the Leaves of

Asmerom, Demoze / Hailu, Gebremedhin Solomon / Yimer, Ebrahim M / Bitew, Helen / Kahsay, Getu

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

2020 Volume 2020, Page(s) 8312471

Abstract: Background: The highest prevalence and emergence of microbial infections coupled with the threat of antimicrobial resistance constitute a global concern, which entails searching for novel antimicrobial agents. Medicinal plants are among the major ... ...

Abstract	Background: The highest prevalence and emergence of microbial infections coupled with the threat of antimicrobial resistance constitute a global concern, which entails searching for novel antimicrobial agents. Medicinal plants are among the major sources of medicines for novel drug discovery. Methods: Thin layer chromatography (TLC) separation was employed for isolation of bioactive compounds. Agar well diffusion and microdilution assay method were used to evaluate the antimicrobial actions of the leaf latex and TLC fractions against six bacterial strains and four Results: Three major fractions, AA01, AA02, and AA03, were identified by TLC. Among the tested microbial strains, the reference strain of Conclusion: The leaf latex and TLC fractions were found to be active against the tested bacterial and
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2171158-6
ISSN	1741-4288 ; 1741-427X
ISSN (online)	1741-4288
ISSN	1741-427X
DOI	10.1155/2020/8312471
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Article: In Vivo

Hailesilase, Gebretekle Gebremichael / Rajeshwar, Yarra / Hailu, Gebremedhin Solomon / Sibhat, Gereziher Gebremedhin / Bitew, Helen

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

2020 Volume 2020, Page(s) 6731485

Abstract: Malaria is a major global public health problem caused ... ...

Abstract	Malaria is a major global public health problem caused by
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2171158-6
ISSN	1741-4288 ; 1741-427X
ISSN (online)	1741-4288
ISSN	1741-427X
DOI	10.1155/2020/6731485
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Article ; Online: Antimicrobial resistance patterns of uropathogens isolated between 2012 and 2017 from a tertiary hospital in Northern Ethiopia.

Tuem, Kald Beshir / Desta, Rahel / Bitew, Helen / Ibrahim, Seid / Hishe, Hailemichael Zeru

Journal of global antimicrobial resistance

2019 Volume 18, Page(s) 109–114

Abstract: Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections in humans. Studies have shown that antibiotics for UTIs are usually prescribed empirically before the results of urine culture are available. The aim of the study was to ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections in humans. Studies have shown that antibiotics for UTIs are usually prescribed empirically before the results of urine culture are available. The aim of the study was to assess the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from urine samples over 6 years in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH), in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective study of culture results of UTI samples was conducted in ACSH from January 2012 to December 2017. Data were collected using a structured data sheet format and were analysed using SPSS v.20.0. Results: Among 1080 urine samples tested during the 6-year period, 308 (28.5%) were positive for bacterial isolates. The majority of participants were female (57.8%). The three most commonly isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (48.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.5%). Escherichia coli was found to be most susceptible to imipenem (100%) and most resistant to ampicillin (94.9%). Similarly, K. pneumoniae was sensitive to meropenem (100%) but resistant to penicillin (100%). Multidrug resistance to two or more antimicrobials was observed in 267 isolates (86.7%), with a non-significantly higher prevalence in females (χ Conclusion: This study revealed that most of the urine isolates showed high levels of antimicrobial resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics although they remained susceptible to imipenem, nitrofurantoin and meropenem. The results call for continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance for better management of patients with UTIs.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli/isolation & purification ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification ; Male ; Meropenem/pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Penicillins/pharmacology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Characteristics ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology ; Urine/microbiology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Penicillins ; Meropenem (FV9J3JU8B1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2710046-7
ISSN	2213-7173 ; 2213-7165
ISSN (online)	2213-7173
ISSN	2213-7165
DOI	10.1016/j.jgar.2019.01.022
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