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Article ; Online: A critique of "A critical review of critical power".

Black, Matthew I / Simpson, Len Parker / Goulding, Richie P / Spragg, James

2022 Volume 122, Issue 7, Page(s) 1745–1746

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-30
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	124793-1
ISSN	1439-6327 ; 1432-1025 ; 0301-5548 ; 1439-6319
ISSN (online)	1439-6327 ; 1432-1025
ISSN	0301-5548 ; 1439-6319
DOI	10.1007/s00421-022-04959-7
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Article ; Online: Relationships between nitric oxide biomarkers and physiological outcomes following dietary nitrate supplementation.

Wei, Chenguang / Vanhatalo, Anni / Black, Matthew I / Blackwell, Jamie R / Rajaram, Raghini / Kadach, Stefan / Jones, Andrew M

Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry

2024

Abstract: Dietary nitrate ( ... ...

Abstract	Dietary nitrate (NO
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1362794-6
ISSN	1089-8611 ; 1089-8603
ISSN (online)	1089-8611
ISSN	1089-8603
DOI	10.1016/j.niox.2024.04.010
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Article ; Online: Accounting for Dynamic Changes in the Power-Duration Relationship Improves the Accuracy of W' Balance Modeling.

Black, Matthew I / Skiba, Philip F / Wylie, Lee J / Lewis, James / Jones, Andrew M / Vanhatalo, Anni

Medicine and science in sports and exercise

2022 Volume 55, Issue 2, Page(s) 235–244

Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed 1) to examine the accuracy with which W' reconstitution (W' REC ) is estimated by the W' balance (W' BAL ) models after a 3-min all-out cycling test (3MT), 2) to determine the effects of a 3MT on the power-duration relationship, ...

Abstract	Purpose: This study aimed 1) to examine the accuracy with which W' reconstitution (W' REC ) is estimated by the W' balance (W' BAL ) models after a 3-min all-out cycling test (3MT), 2) to determine the effects of a 3MT on the power-duration relationship, and 3) to assess whether accounting for changes in the power-duration relationship during exercise improved estimates of W' REC . Methods: The power-duration relationship and the actual and estimated W' REC were determined for 12 data sets extracted from our laboratory database where participants had completed two 3MT separated by 1-min recovery (i.e., control [C-3MT] and fatigued [F-3MT]). Results: Actual W' REC (6.3 ± 1.4 kJ) was significantly overestimated by the W' BAL·ODE (9.8 ± 1.3 kJ; P < 0.001) and the W' BAL·MORTON (16.9 ± 2.6 kJ; P < 0.001) models but was not significantly different to the estimate provided by the W' BAL·INT (7.5 ± 1.5 kJ; P > 0.05) model. End power (EP) was 7% lower in the F-3MT (263 ± 40 W) compared with the C-3MT (282 ± 44 W; P < 0.001), and work done above EP (WEP) was 61% lower in the F-3MT (6.3 ± 1.4 kJ) compared with the C-3MT (16.9 ± 3.2 kJ). The size of the error in the estimated W' REC was correlated with the reduction in WEP for the W' BAL·INT and W' BAL·ODE models (both r > -0.74, P < 0.01) but not the W' BAL·MORTON model ( r = -0.18, P > 0.05). Accounting for the changes in the power-duration relationship improved the accuracy of the W' BAL·ODE and W' BAL·MORTON , but they remained significantly different to actual W' REC . Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the power-duration relationship is altered after a 3MT, and accounting for these changes improves the accuracy of the W' BAL·ODE and the W' BAL·MORTON , but not W' BAL·INT models. These results have important implications for the design and use of mathematical models describing the energetics of exercise performance.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Exercise Test/methods ; Physical Endurance ; Exercise ; Fatigue ; Bicycling ; Oxygen Consumption
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603994-7
ISSN	1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
ISSN (online)	1530-0315
ISSN	0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
DOI	10.1249/MSS.0000000000003039
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Article ; Online: The Anthropometry of Economical Running.

Black, Matthew I / Allen, Sam J / Forrester, Steph E / Folland, Jonathan P

Medicine and science in sports and exercise

2019 Volume 52, Issue 3, Page(s) 762–770

Abstract: The influence of anthropometry and body composition on running economy is unclear, with previous investigations involving small relatively homogeneous groups of runners and limited anthropometric/composition measurements.: Purpose: To comprehensively ... ...

Abstract	The influence of anthropometry and body composition on running economy is unclear, with previous investigations involving small relatively homogeneous groups of runners and limited anthropometric/composition measurements. Purpose: To comprehensively investigate the relationships of anthropometry and body composition with running economy within a large heterogeneous sample of runners. Methods: Eighty-five runners (males [M], n = 45; females [F], n = 40), of diverse competitive standard, performed a discontinuous protocol of incremental treadmill running (4-min stages, 1 km·h increments) to establish locomotory energy cost (LEc) of running at submaximal speeds (averaged across 10-12 km·h; the highest common speed < lactate turnpoint). Measurements of anthropometry, including segment lengths, perimeters, masses and moments of inertia, and body composition were obtained using tape-based measurements and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: Absolute LEc (ABSLEc, kcal·km) was positively correlated with 21 (of 27) absolute anthropometric variables in both male and female cohorts. Multiple-regression analyses revealed that one variable (mean perimeter z score) explained 49.4% (M) and 68.9% (F) of the variance in ABSLEc. Relative LEc (RELLEc, kcal·kg·km) was also correlated with five (M) and seven (F) normalized anthropometric variables, and regression analyses explained 31.6% (M; percentage bone mass and normalized hip perimeter) and 33.3% (F, normalized forearm perimeter) of the variance in RELLEc. Conclusions: These findings provide novel and robust evidence that anthropometry and body composition variables, predominantly indicative of relative slenderness, explain a considerable proportion of the variance in running economy (i.e., more slender, lower energy cost). We, therefore, recommend that runners and coaches are attentive to relative slenderness in selecting and training athletes with the aim of enhancing running economy, and improving distance running performance.
MeSH term(s)	Anthropometry ; Body Composition/physiology ; Body Mass Index ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Physical Endurance/physiology ; Pulmonary Gas Exchange/physiology ; Running/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603994-7
ISSN	1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
ISSN (online)	1530-0315
ISSN	0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
DOI	10.1249/MSS.0000000000002158
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Article ; Online: Reduction in blood pressure following acute dietary nitrate ingestion is correlated with increased red blood cell S-nitrosothiol concentrations.

Wei, Chenguang / Vanhatalo, Anni / Kadach, Stefan / Stoyanov, Zdravko / Abu-Alghayth, Mohammed / Black, Matthew I / Smallwood, Miranda J / Rajaram, Raghini / Winyard, Paul G / Jones, Andrew M

Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry

2023 Volume 138-139, Page(s) 1–9

Abstract: Dietary nitrate ( ... ...

Abstract	Dietary nitrate (NO
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Blood Pressure ; Nitrates ; Nitrites ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Nitric Oxide/pharmacology ; Dietary Supplements ; Hypotension ; Erythrocytes ; S-Nitrosothiols/pharmacology ; Eating ; Beta vulgaris ; Double-Blind Method
Chemical Substances	Nitrates ; Nitrites ; Nitrogen Dioxide (S7G510RUBH) ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; S-Nitrosothiols
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1362794-6
ISSN	1089-8611 ; 1089-8603
ISSN (online)	1089-8611
ISSN	1089-8603
DOI	10.1016/j.niox.2023.05.008
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Article ; Online: 15

Kadach, Stefan / Park, Ji Won / Stoyanov, Zdravko / Black, Matthew I / Vanhatalo, Anni / Burnley, Mark / Walter, Peter J / Cai, Hongyi / Schechter, Alan N / Piknova, Barbora / Jones, Andrew M

Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)

2023 Volume 237, Issue 3, Page(s) e13924

Abstract: Aim: Dietary nitrate (NO: Methods: In a randomized, crossover study, 10 healthy volunteers consumed 12.8 mmol : Results: Neither muscle [NO: Conclusion: This study shows, for the first time, that skeletal muscle rapidly takes up dietary ... ...

Abstract	Aim: Dietary nitrate (NO Methods: In a randomized, crossover study, 10 healthy volunteers consumed 12.8 mmol Results: Neither muscle [NO Conclusion: This study shows, for the first time, that skeletal muscle rapidly takes up dietary NO
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Nitrates ; Nitrites ; Cross-Over Studies ; Torque ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Dietary Supplements ; Polyesters ; Double-Blind Method
Chemical Substances	Nitrates ; Nitrites ; Nitrogen Dioxide (S7G510RUBH) ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Polyesters
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2218636-0
ISSN	1748-1716 ; 1748-1708
ISSN (online)	1748-1716
ISSN	1748-1708
DOI	10.1111/apha.13924
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Article ; Online: Highly Cushioned Shoes Improve Running Performance in Both the Absence and Presence of Muscle Damage.

Black, Matthew I / Kranen, Sascha H / Kadach, Stefan / Vanhatalo, Anni / Winn, Brad / Farina, Emily M / Kirby, Brett S / Jones, Andrew M

Medicine and science in sports and exercise

2021 Volume 54, Issue 4, Page(s) 633–645

Abstract: Purpose: We tested the hypotheses that a highly cushioned running shoe (HCS) would 1) improve incremental exercise performance and reduce the oxygen cost (Oc) of submaximal running, and 2) attenuate the deterioration in Oc elicited by muscle damage ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: We tested the hypotheses that a highly cushioned running shoe (HCS) would 1) improve incremental exercise performance and reduce the oxygen cost (Oc) of submaximal running, and 2) attenuate the deterioration in Oc elicited by muscle damage consequent to a downhill run. Methods: Thirty-two recreationally active participants completed an incremental treadmill test in an HCS and a control running shoe (CON) for the determination of Oc and maximal performance. Subsequently, participants were pair matched and randomly assigned to one of the two footwear conditions to perform a moderate-intensity running bout before and 48 h after a 30-min downhill run designed to elicit muscle damage. Results: Incremental treadmill test performance was improved (+5.7%; +1:16 min:ss; P < 0.01) in the HCS when assessed in the nondamaged state, relative to CON. This coincided with a significantly lower Oc (-3.2%; -6 mL·kg-1·km-1; P < 0.001) at a range of running speeds and an increase in the speed corresponding to 3 mM blood lactate (+3.2%; +0.4 km·h-1; P < 0.05). As anticipated, the downhill run resulted in significant changes in biochemical, histological, and perceptual markers of muscle damage, and a significant increase in Oc (+5.2%; 10.1 mL·kg-1·km-1) was observed 48 h post. In the presence of muscle damage, Oc was significantly lower in HCS (-4.6%; -10 mL·kg-1·km-1) compared with CON. Conclusions: These results indicate that HCS improved incremental exercise performance and Oc in the absence of muscle damage and show, for the first time, that despite worsening of Oc consequent to muscle damage, improved Oc in HCS is maintained.
MeSH term(s)	Exercise ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Muscles ; Running/physiology ; Shoes
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603994-7
ISSN	1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
ISSN (online)	1530-0315
ISSN	0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
DOI	10.1249/MSS.0000000000002832
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Article ; Online: Response to considerations regarding Maximal Lactate Steady State determination before redefining the gold-standard.

Jones, Andrew M / Burnley, Mark / Black, Matthew I / Poole, David C / Vanhatalo, Anni

Physiological reports

2019 Volume 7, Issue 22, Page(s) e14292

Abstract: We reinforce the key messages in our earlier review paper that critical power, rather than maximal lactate steady state, provides the better index for defining steady-state vs non-steady state physiological behaviour during exercise. ...

Abstract	We reinforce the key messages in our earlier review paper that critical power, rather than maximal lactate steady state, provides the better index for defining steady-state vs non-steady state physiological behaviour during exercise.
MeSH term(s)	Exercise ; Exercise Test ; Lactic Acid ; Oxygen Consumption
Chemical Substances	Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2724325-4
ISSN	2051-817X ; 2051-817X
ISSN (online)	2051-817X
ISSN	2051-817X
DOI	10.14814/phy2.14292
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Article ; Online: The maximal metabolic steady state: redefining the 'gold standard'.

Jones, Andrew M / Burnley, Mark / Black, Matthew I / Poole, David C / Vanhatalo, Anni

Physiological reports

2019 Volume 7, Issue 10, Page(s) e14098

Abstract: The maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and the critical power (CP) are two widely used indices of the highest oxidative metabolic rate that can be sustained during continuous exercise and are often considered to be synonymous. However, while perhaps ... ...

Abstract	The maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and the critical power (CP) are two widely used indices of the highest oxidative metabolic rate that can be sustained during continuous exercise and are often considered to be synonymous. However, while perhaps having similarities in principle, methodological differences in the assessment of these parameters typically result in MLSS occurring at a somewhat lower power output or running speed and exercise at CP being sustainable for no more than approximately 20-30 min. This has led to the view that CP overestimates the 'actual' maximal metabolic steady state and that MLSS should be considered the 'gold standard' metric for the evaluation of endurance exercise capacity. In this article we will present evidence consistent with the contrary conclusion: i.e., that (1) as presently defined, MLSS naturally underestimates the actual maximal metabolic steady state; and (2) CP alone represents the boundary between discrete exercise intensity domains within which the dynamic cardiorespiratory and muscle metabolic responses to exercise differ profoundly. While both MLSS and CP may have relevance for athletic training and performance, we urge that the distinction between the two concepts/metrics be better appreciated and that comparisons between MLSS and CP, undertaken in the mistaken belief that they are theoretically synonymous, is discontinued. CP represents the genuine boundary separating exercise in which physiological homeostasis can be maintained from exercise in which it cannot, and should be considered the gold standard when the goal is to determine the maximal metabolic steady state.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Energy Metabolism ; Humans ; Lactic Acid/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Fatigue ; Muscle Strength ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Terminology as Topic ; Time Factors
Chemical Substances	Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2724325-4
ISSN	2051-817X ; 2051-817X
ISSN (online)	2051-817X
ISSN	2051-817X
DOI	10.14814/phy2.14098
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Article ; Online: Time course of human skeletal muscle nitrate and nitrite concentration changes following dietary nitrate ingestion.

Kadach, Stefan / Piknova, Barbora / Black, Matthew I / Park, Ji Won / Wylie, Lee J / Stoyanov, Zdravko / Thomas, Samantha M / McMahon, Nicholas F / Vanhatalo, Anni / Schechter, Alan N / Jones, Andrew M

Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry

2022 Volume 121, Page(s) 1–10

Abstract: Dietary nitrate ( ... ...

Abstract	Dietary nitrate (NO
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry ; Nitrates/administration & dosage ; Nitrates/analysis ; Nitrites/analysis ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Nitrates ; Nitrites
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1362794-6
ISSN	1089-8611 ; 1089-8603
ISSN (online)	1089-8611
ISSN	1089-8603
DOI	10.1016/j.niox.2022.01.003
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