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Article ; Online: Relationship between neuromuscular fatigue, muscle activation and the work done above the critical power during severe-intensity exercise.

Ducrocq, Guillaume P / Blain, Grégory M

2022 Volume 107, Issue 4, Page(s) 312–325

Abstract: New findings: What is the central question of this study? Does the work done above critical power (W') or muscle activation determine the degree of peripheral fatigue induced by cycling time trials performed in the severe-intensity domain? What is the ... ...

Abstract	New findings: What is the central question of this study? Does the work done above critical power (W') or muscle activation determine the degree of peripheral fatigue induced by cycling time trials performed in the severe-intensity domain? What is the main finding and its importance? Peripheral fatigue increased when power output and muscle activation increased, whereas W' did not change between the time trials. Therefore, no relationship was found between W' and exercise-induced peripheral fatigue such as previously postulated in the literature. In contrast, we found a significant association between EMG amplitude during exercise and exercise-induced reduction in the potentiated quadriceps twitch, suggesting that muscle activation plays a key role in determining peripheral fatigue during severe-intensity exercise. Abstract: In order to determine the relationship between peripheral fatigue, muscle activation and the total work done above critical power (W'), 10 men and four women performed, on separated days, self-paced cycling time trials of 3, 6, 10 and 15 min. Exercise-induced quadriceps fatigue was quantified using pre- to postexercise (15 s to 15 min recovery) changes in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) peak force, voluntary activation and potentiated twitch force (QT). Voluntary activation was measured using the interpolated twitch technique, and QT was evoked by electrical stimulations of the femoral nerve. Quadriceps muscle activation was determined using the root mean square of surface EMG of vastus lateralis (VL
MeSH term(s)	Electromyography ; Exercise/physiology ; Exercise Tolerance/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Muscle Fatigue/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Quadriceps Muscle/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1016295-1
ISSN	1469-445X ; 0958-0670
ISSN (online)	1469-445X
ISSN	0958-0670
DOI	10.1113/EP090043
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Article ; Online: The Improvement in Exercise Performance during Reduced Muscle Mass Exercise is Associated with an Increase in Femoral Blood Flow in Older and Younger Endurance-Trained Athletes.

Haddad, Toni / Spence, Angela L / Peiffer, Jeremiah / Blain, Gregory M / Brisswalter, Jeanick / Abbiss, Chris R

Journal of sports science & medicine

2024 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 46–55

Abstract: This study investigated whether the improved performance observed with maximal self-paced single-leg (SL), compared with double-leg (DL) cycling, is associated with enhanced femoral blood flow and/or altered tissue oxygenation. The hyperaemic response to ...

Abstract	This study investigated whether the improved performance observed with maximal self-paced single-leg (SL), compared with double-leg (DL) cycling, is associated with enhanced femoral blood flow and/or altered tissue oxygenation. The hyperaemic response to exercise was assessed in younger and older athletes. Power output was measured in 12 older (65 ± 4 y) and 12 younger (35 ± 5 y) endurance-trained individuals performing 2 x 3 min maximal self-paced exercise using SL and DL cycling. Blood flow (BF) in the femoral artery was assessed using Doppler ultrasound and muscle oxygenation was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy on the vastus lateralis. SL cycling elicited a greater power output (295 ± 83
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Endurance Training ; Physical Endurance/physiology ; Exercise/physiology ; Quadriceps Muscle/diagnostic imaging ; Athletes
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	Turkey
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2075564-8
ISSN	1303-2968 ; 1303-2968
ISSN (online)	1303-2968
ISSN	1303-2968
DOI	10.52082/jssm.2024.46
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Article ; Online: Single- Versus Double-Leg Cycling: Small Muscle Mass Exercise Improves Exercise Capacity to a Greater Extent in Older Compared With Younger Population.

Haddad, Toni / Spence, Angela L / Peiffer, Jeremiah J / Blain, Gregory M / Brisswalter, Jeanick / Abbiss, Chris R

Journal of aging and physical activity

2024 Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 408–415

Abstract: Manipulating the amount of muscle mass engaged during exercise can noninvasively inform the contribution of central cardiovascular and peripheral vascular-oxidative functions to endurance performance. To better understand the factors contributing to ... ...

Abstract	Manipulating the amount of muscle mass engaged during exercise can noninvasively inform the contribution of central cardiovascular and peripheral vascular-oxidative functions to endurance performance. To better understand the factors contributing to exercise limitation in older and younger individuals, exercise performance was assessed during single-leg and double-leg cycling. 16 older (67 ± 5 years) and 14 younger (35 ± 5 years) individuals performed a maximal exercise using single-leg and double-leg cycling. The ratio of single-leg to double-leg cycling power (RatioPower SL/DL) was compared between age groups. The association between fitness (peak oxygen consumption, peak power output, and physical activity levels) and RatioPower SL/DL was explored. The RatioPower SL/DL was greater in older compared with younger individuals (1.14 ± 0.11 vs. 1.06 ± 0.08, p = .041). The RatioPower SL/DL was correlated with peak oxygen consumption (r = .886, p < .001), peak power output relative to body mass (r = .854, p < .001), and levels of physical activity (r = .728, p = .003) in the younger but not older subgroup. Reducing the amount of muscle mass engaged during exercise improved exercise capacity to a greater extent in older versus younger population and may reflect a greater reduction in central cardiovascular function compared with peripheral vascular-oxidative function with aging.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Aged ; Oxygen Consumption/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Female ; Exercise/physiology ; Middle Aged ; Age Factors ; Exercise Tolerance/physiology ; Exercise Test ; Bicycling/physiology ; Leg/physiology ; Aging/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comparative Study
ISSN	1543-267X
ISSN (online)	1543-267X
DOI	10.1123/japa.2023-0234
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Article ; Online: Correction: Breathing a low-density gas reduces respiratory muscle force development and marginally improves exercise performance in master athletes.

Haddad, Toni / Mons, Valentin / Meste, Olivier / Dempsey, Jerome A / Abbiss, Chris R / Brisswalter, Jeanick / Blain, Gregory M

European journal of applied physiology

2024 Volume 124, Issue 2, Page(s) 667–668

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-29
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	124793-1
ISSN	1439-6327 ; 1432-1025 ; 0301-5548 ; 1439-6319
ISSN (online)	1439-6327 ; 1432-1025
ISSN	0301-5548 ; 1439-6319
DOI	10.1007/s00421-023-05383-1
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Article: Submaximal fatiguing eccentric contractions of knee flexors alter leg extrapersonal representation.

Da Silva, Flavio / Piponnier, Enzo / Corcelle, Baptiste / Blain, Gregory M / Gioda, Jennifer / Colson, Serge S / Monjo, Florian

Heliyon

2023 Volume 9, Issue 8, Page(s) e18884

Abstract: This study assessed the immediate and prolonged effects of eccentric-induced fatigue on position sense, utilizing position-pointing tasks, which had not been previously implemented for this purpose. Fifteen healthy adults underwent a fatiguing eccentric ... ...

Abstract	This study assessed the immediate and prolonged effects of eccentric-induced fatigue on position sense, utilizing position-pointing tasks, which had not been previously implemented for this purpose. Fifteen healthy adults underwent a fatiguing eccentric protocol that entailed sets of unilateral submaximal contractions of knee flexor muscles until reaching a 20% decrease in maximal isometric torque production. Evaluations of knee flexor neuromuscular function as well as position-pointing tasks at 40° and 70° of knee flexion were conducted prior to the fatiguing eccentric protocol, immediately after (POST), and 24 h after (POST24) exercise termination. To assess neuromuscular fatigue etiology, electrical myostimulations were administered during and after maximal voluntary isometric contractions. At POST, the voluntary activation level and evoked potentiated doublet amplitude at 100 Hz were significantly reduced. In addition, position-pointing errors exhibited a significant increase at POST regardless of the tested angle, with participants positioning the pointer in a more extended position compared to their hidden exercised limb. At POST24, neuromuscular function and position sense parameters had reverted to their baseline levels. The findings of this experiment demonstrate that position-pointing accuracy was impaired immediately after the fatiguing eccentric protocol, manifesting in the presence of both central and peripheral fatigue. As position-pointing accuracy relies heavily on extrapersonal representation of the body at the brain level, acute changes in exercised limb's extrapersonal representation might have resulted from central fatigue-related mechanisms altering the cognitive processes responsible for converting kinesthetic signals into extrapersonal coordinates.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18884
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Article ; Online: Breathing a low-density gas reduces respiratory muscle force development and marginally improves exercise performance in master athletes.

Haddad, Toni / Mons, Valentin / Meste, Olivier / Dempsey, Jerome A / Abbiss, Chris R / Brisswalter, Jeanick / Blain, Gregory M

European journal of applied physiology

2023 Volume 124, Issue 2, Page(s) 651–665

Abstract: Introduction: We tested the hypothesis that breathing heliox, to attenuate the mechanical constraints accompanying the decline in pulmonary function with aging, improves exercise performance.: Methods: Fourteen endurance-trained older men (67.9 ± 5.9 ...

Abstract	Introduction: We tested the hypothesis that breathing heliox, to attenuate the mechanical constraints accompanying the decline in pulmonary function with aging, improves exercise performance. Methods: Fourteen endurance-trained older men (67.9 ± 5.9 year, [Formula: see text]O Results: Exercise performance time improved (527.6 ± 38 vs. 531.3 ± 36.9 s; P = 0.017), and respiratory muscle force development decreased during inspiration (- 22.8 ± 11.6%, P < 0.001) and expiration (- 10.8 ± 11.4%, P = 0.003) with heliox compared with room air. EFL tended to be lower with heliox (22 ± 23 vs. 30 ± 23% tidal volume; P = 0.054). Minute ventilation normalized to CO Conclusions: Breathing heliox has a limited effect on performance during a 5-km time trial in master athletes despite a reduction in respiratory muscle force development.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Carbon Dioxide ; Respiration ; Helium ; Oxygen ; Respiratory Muscles ; Athletes
Chemical Substances	heliox (58933-55-4) ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; Helium (206GF3GB41) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-17
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	124793-1
ISSN	1439-6327 ; 1432-1025 ; 0301-5548 ; 1439-6319
ISSN (online)	1439-6327 ; 1432-1025
ISSN	0301-5548 ; 1439-6319
DOI	10.1007/s00421-023-05346-6
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Article ; Online: Limitation of fatigue and performance during exercise: the brain-muscle interaction.

Blain, Grégory M / Hureau, Thomas J

Experimental physiology

2017 Volume 102, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–4

MeSH term(s)	Brain/physiology ; Exercise/physiology ; Humans ; Muscle Fatigue/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2017--01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1016295-1
ISSN	1469-445X ; 0958-0670
ISSN (online)	1469-445X
ISSN	0958-0670
DOI	10.1113/EP085895
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Article ; Online: Knee position sense and knee flexor neuromuscular function are similarly altered after two submaximal eccentric bouts.

Da Silva, Flavio / Monjo, Florian / Gioda, Jennifer / Blain, Gregory M / Piponnier, Enzo / Corcelle, Baptiste / Colson, Serge S

European journal of applied physiology

2022 Volume 123, Issue 2, Page(s) 311–323

Abstract: Purpose: This study examined eccentric-induced fatigue effects on knee flexor (KF) neuromuscular function and on knee position sense. This design was repeated across two experimental sessions performed 1 week apart to investigate potential repeated bout ...

Abstract	Purpose: This study examined eccentric-induced fatigue effects on knee flexor (KF) neuromuscular function and on knee position sense. This design was repeated across two experimental sessions performed 1 week apart to investigate potential repeated bout effects. Methods: Sixteen participants performed two submaximal bouts of KF unilateral eccentric contractions until reaching a 20% decrease in maximal voluntary isometric contraction force. Knee position sense was evaluated with position-matching tasks in seated and prone positions at 40° and 70° of knee flexion so that KF were either antagonistic or agonistic during the positioning movement. The twitch interpolation technique was used to assess KF neuromuscular fatigue. Perceived muscle soreness was also assessed. Measurements were performed before, immediately (POST) and 24 h after (POST24) each eccentric bout. Results: No repeated bout effect on neuromuscular function and proprioceptive parameters was observed. At POST, central and peripheral factors contributed to the force decrement as shown by significant decreases in voluntary activation level (- 3.8 ± 4.8%, p < 0.01) and potentiated doublet torque at 100 Hz (- 10 ± 15.8%, p < 0.01). At this time point, position-matching errors significantly increased by 1.7 ± 1.9° in seated position at 40° (p < 0.01). At POST24, in presence of muscle soreness (p < 0.05), although KF neuromuscular function had recovered, position-matching errors increased by 0.6 ± 2.6° in prone position at 40° (p < 0.01). Conclusion: These results provide evidence that eccentric-induced position sense alterations may arise from central and/or peripheral mechanisms depending on the testing position.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Myalgia ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Knee Joint/physiology ; Knee/physiology ; Isometric Contraction/physiology ; Proprioception ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Muscle Fatigue ; Torque
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-22
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	124793-1
ISSN	1439-6327 ; 1432-1025 ; 0301-5548 ; 1439-6319
ISSN (online)	1439-6327 ; 1432-1025
ISSN	0301-5548 ; 1439-6319
DOI	10.1007/s00421-022-05063-6
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Article ; Online: Similar Cardioventilatory but Greater Neuromuscular Stimuli With Interval Drop Jump Than With Interval Running.

Ducrocq, Guillaume P / Hureau, Thomas J / Meste, Olivier / Blain, Grégory M

International journal of sports physiology and performance

2019 Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 330–339

Abstract: Context: Drop jumps and high-intensity interval running are relevant training methods to improve explosiveness and endurance performance, respectively. Combined training effects might, however, be achieved by performing interval drop jumping.: Purpose! ...

Abstract	Context: Drop jumps and high-intensity interval running are relevant training methods to improve explosiveness and endurance performance, respectively. Combined training effects might, however, be achieved by performing interval drop jumping. Purpose: To determine the acute effects of interval drop jumping on oxygen uptake (V˙O2)-index of cardioventilatory/oxidative stimulation level and peripheral fatigue-a limiting factor of explosiveness. Methods: Thirteen participants performed three 11-minute interval training sessions during which they ran 15 seconds at 120% of the velocity that elicited maximal V˙O2 (V˙O2max) (ITrun), or drop jumped at 7 (ITDJ7) or 9 (ITDJ9) jumps per 15 seconds, interspersed with 15 seconds of passive recovery. V˙O2 and the time spent above 90% of V˙O2max (V˙TO2max) were collected. Peripheral fatigue was quantified via preexercise to postexercise changes in evoked potentiated quadriceps twitch (ΔQT). Power output was estimated during ITDJs using optical sensors. Results: All participants reached 90% of V˙O2max or higher during ITrun and ITDJ9, but only 11 did during ITDJ7. V˙TO2max was not different between ITrun and ITDJ9 (145 [76] vs 141 [151] s; P = .92) but was reduced during ITDJ7 (28 [26] s; P = .002). Mean ΔQT in ITDJ9 and ITDJ7 was not different (-17% [9%] vs -14% [8%]; P = .73) and greater than in ITrun (-8% [7%]; P = .001). No alteration in power output was found during ITDJs (37 [10] W·kg-1). Conclusion: Interval drop jumping at a high work rate stimulated the cardioventilatory and oxidative systems to the same extent as interval running, while the exercise-induced increase in fatigue did not compromise drop jump performance. Interval drop jumping might be a relevant strategy to get concomitant improvements in endurance and explosive performance.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1555-0273
ISSN (online)	1555-0273
DOI	10.1123/ijspp.2019-0031
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Article ; Online: Recovery from Fatigue after Cycling Time Trials in Elite Endurance Athletes.

Ducrocq, Guillaume P / Hureau, Thomas J / Bøgseth, Tina / Meste, Olivier / Blain, Gregory M

Medicine and science in sports and exercise

2020 Volume 53, Issue 5, Page(s) 904–917

Abstract: Introduction: We determined the recovery from neuromuscular fatigue in six professional (PRO) and seven moderately trained (MOD) cyclists after repeated cycling time trials of various intensities/durations.: Method: Participants performed two 1-min ( ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: We determined the recovery from neuromuscular fatigue in six professional (PRO) and seven moderately trained (MOD) cyclists after repeated cycling time trials of various intensities/durations. Method: Participants performed two 1-min (1minTT) or two 10-min (10minTT) self-paced cycling time trials with 5 min of recovery in between. Central and peripheral fatigue were quantified via preexercise to postexercise (15-s through 15-min recovery) changes in voluntary activation (VA) and potentiated twitch force. VA was measured using the interpolated twitch technique, and potentiated twitch force was evoked by single (QTsingle) and paired (10-Hz (QT10) and 100-Hz (QT100)) electrical stimulations of the femoral nerve. Results: Mean power output was 32%-72% higher during all the time trials and decreased less (-10% vs -13%) from the first to second time trial in PRO compared with MOD (P < 0.05). Conversely, exercise-induced reduction in QTsingle and QT10/QT100 was significantly lower in PRO after every time trial (P < 0.05). Recovery from fatigue from 15 s to 2 min for QTsingle and QT10/QT100 was slower in PRO after every time trial (P < 0.05). In both groups, the reduction in QTsingle was lower after the 10minTTs compared with 1minTTs (P < 0.05). Conversely, VA decreased more after the 10minTTs compared with 1minTTs (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings showed that excitation-contraction coupling was preserved after exercise in PRO compared with MOD. This likely contributed to the improved performance during repeated cycling time trials of various intensity/duration in PRO, despite a slower rate of recovery in its early phase. Finally, the time course of recovery from neuromuscular fatigue in PRO was dependent on the effects of prolonged low-frequency force depression.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Athletes ; Bicycling/physiology ; Electric Stimulation/methods ; Electromyography ; Femoral Nerve/physiology ; Humans ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Muscle Fatigue/physiology ; Muscle Strength/physiology ; Physical Endurance/physiology ; Pulmonary Gas Exchange/physiology ; Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology ; Quadriceps Muscle/physiology ; Recovery of Function/physiology ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603994-7
ISSN	1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
ISSN (online)	1530-0315
ISSN	0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
DOI	10.1249/MSS.0000000000002557
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