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  1. Article ; Online: Community context matters for bacteria-phage ecology and evolution.

    Blazanin, Michael / Turner, Paul E

    The ISME journal

    2021  Volume 15, Issue 11, Page(s) 3119–3128

    Abstract: Bacteria-phage symbioses are ubiquitous in nature and serve as valuable biological models. Historically, the ecology and evolution of bacteria-phage systems have been studied in either very simple or very complex communities. Although both approaches ... ...

    Abstract Bacteria-phage symbioses are ubiquitous in nature and serve as valuable biological models. Historically, the ecology and evolution of bacteria-phage systems have been studied in either very simple or very complex communities. Although both approaches provide insight, their shortcomings limit our understanding of bacteria and phages in multispecies contexts. To address this gap, here we synthesize the emerging body of bacteria-phage experiments in medium-complexity communities, specifically those that manipulate bacterial community presence. Generally, community presence suppresses both focal bacterial (phage host) and phage densities, while sometimes altering bacteria-phage ecological interactions in diverse ways. Simultaneously, community presence can have an array of evolutionary effects. Sometimes community presence has no effect on the coevolutionary dynamics of bacteria and their associated phages, whereas other times the presence of additional bacterial species constrains bacteria-phage coevolution. At the same time, community context can alter mechanisms of adaptation and interact with the pleiotropic consequences of (co)evolution. Ultimately, these experiments show that community context can have important ecological and evolutionary effects on bacteria-phage systems, but many questions still remain unanswered and ripe for additional investigation.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Physiological ; Bacteria/genetics ; Bacteriophages/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Symbiosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2406536-5
    ISSN 1751-7370 ; 1751-7362
    ISSN (online) 1751-7370
    ISSN 1751-7362
    DOI 10.1038/s41396-021-01012-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Decay and damage of therapeutic phage OMKO1 by environmental stressors.

    Blazanin, Michael / Lam, Wai Tin / Vasen, Emma / Chan, Benjamin K / Turner, Paul E

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) e0263887

    Abstract: Antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens are increasingly prevalent, driving the need for alternative approaches to chemical antibiotics when treating infections. One such approach is bacteriophage therapy: the use of bacteria-specific viruses that lyse ( ...

    Abstract Antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens are increasingly prevalent, driving the need for alternative approaches to chemical antibiotics when treating infections. One such approach is bacteriophage therapy: the use of bacteria-specific viruses that lyse (kill) their host cells. Just as the effect of environmental conditions (e.g. elevated temperature) on antibiotic efficacy is well-studied, the effect of environmental stressors on the potency of phage therapy candidates demands examination. Therapeutic phage OMKO1 infects and kills the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we used phage OMKO1 as a model to test how environmental stressors can lead to damage and decay of virus particles. We assessed the effects of elevated temperatures, saline concentrations, and urea concentrations. We observed that OMKO1 particles were highly tolerant to different saline concentrations, but decayed more rapidly at elevated temperatures and under high concentrations of urea. Additionally, we found that exposure to elevated temperature reduced the ability of surviving phage particles to suppress the growth of P. aeruginosa, suggesting a temperature-induced damage. Our findings demonstrate that OMKO1 is highly tolerant to a range of conditions that could be experienced inside and outside the human body, while also showing the need for careful characterization of therapeutic phages to ensure that environmental exposure does not compromise their expected potency, dosing, and pharmacokinetics.
    MeSH term(s) Bacteriophages/pathogenicity ; Bacteriophages/physiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Phage Therapy ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/physiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/virology ; Salinity ; Stress, Physiological ; Temperature
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0263887
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Optimized preparation pipeline for emergency phage therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at Yale University.

    Würstle, Silvia / Lee, Alina / Kortright, Kaitlyn E / Winzig, Franziska / An, William / Stanley, Gail L / Rajagopalan, Govindarajan / Harris, Zach / Sun, Ying / Hu, Buqu / Blazanin, Michael / Hajfathalian, Maryam / Bollyky, Paul L / Turner, Paul E / Koff, Jonathan L / Chan, Benjamin K

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 2657

    Abstract: Bacteriophage therapy is one potential strategy to treat antimicrobial resistant or persistent bacterial infections, and the year 2021 marked the centennial of Felix d'Hérelle's first publication on the clinical applications of phages. At the Center for ... ...

    Abstract Bacteriophage therapy is one potential strategy to treat antimicrobial resistant or persistent bacterial infections, and the year 2021 marked the centennial of Felix d'Hérelle's first publication on the clinical applications of phages. At the Center for Phage Biology & Therapy at Yale University, a preparatory modular approach has been established to offer safe and potent phages for single-patient investigational new drug applications while recognizing the time constraints imposed by infection(s). This study provides a practical walkthrough of the pipeline with an Autographiviridae phage targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa (phage vB_PaeA_SB, abbreviated to ΦSB). Notably, a thorough phage characterization and the evolutionary selection pressure exerted on bacteria by phages, analogous to antibiotics, are incorporated into the pipeline.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Bacteriophages ; Phage Therapy ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Universities ; Pseudomonas Phages/genetics ; Pseudomonas Infections/therapy ; Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-52192-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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