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Article ; Online: Data-Driven Clustering of Functional Signals Reveals Gradients in Processing Both within the Anterior Hippocampus and across Its Long Axis.

Thorp, John N / Gasser, Camille / Blessing, Esther / Davachi, Lila

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2022 Volume 42, Issue 39, Page(s) 7431–7441

Abstract: A particularly elusive puzzle concerning the hippocampus is how the structural differences along its long anteroposterior axis might beget meaningful functional differences, particularly in terms of the granularity of information processing. One measure ... ...

Abstract	A particularly elusive puzzle concerning the hippocampus is how the structural differences along its long anteroposterior axis might beget meaningful functional differences, particularly in terms of the granularity of information processing. One measure posits to quantify this granularity by calculating the average statistical independence of the BOLD signal across neighboring voxels, or intervoxel similarity (IVS), and has shown the anterior hippocampus to process coarser-grained information than the posterior hippocampus. This measure, however, has yielded opposing results in studies of developmental and healthy aging samples, which also varied in fMRI acquisition parameters and hippocampal parcellation methods. To reconcile these findings, we measured IVS across two separate resting-state fMRI acquisitions and compared the results across many of the most widely used parcellation methods in a large young-adult sample of male and female humans (Acquisition 1,
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0269-22.2022
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Article: Clinical Trials for Opioid Use Disorder.

Blessing, Esther / Virani, Sanya / Rotrosen, John

Handbook of experimental pharmacology

2019 Volume 258, Page(s) 167–202

Abstract: This chapter describes recent clinical trials for opioid use disorder (OUD), an area that has rapidly accelerated in response to the opioid overdose crisis in the USA and newly appropriated funding. Trials involve a wide range of compounds including ... ...

Abstract	This chapter describes recent clinical trials for opioid use disorder (OUD), an area that has rapidly accelerated in response to the opioid overdose crisis in the USA and newly appropriated funding. Trials involve a wide range of compounds including cannabinoids and psychedelics, new and existing compounds targeting domains emerging from addiction neuroscience, agents repurposed from other indications, and novel strategies including vaccines, enzymes, and other biologicals. In parallel, new formulations of existing compounds offer immediate promise, as do a variety of web-based interventions and smartphone-delivered apps. Trials focused on implementing existing effective interventions in mainstream healthcare settings, and others focused on special populations, e.g., adolescents, criminal justice, pregnant women, native Americans, etc., have the potential to vastly expand treatment in the near term. Given the range of ongoing and recent trials, this chapter is not intended to be an exhaustive review but rather to present an overview of approaches within the framework of the opioid treatment cascade and the context of current OUD pharmacotherapies.
MeSH term(s)	Behavior, Addictive ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Overdose ; Humans ; Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-18
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	0171-2004
ISSN	0171-2004
DOI	10.1007/164_2019_304
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Article: Sleep Disorders in Adults with Down Syndrome.

Giménez, Sandra / Altuna, Miren / Blessing, Esther / Osorio, Ricardo M / Fortea, Juan

Journal of clinical medicine

2021 Volume 10, Issue 14

Abstract: Sleep disorders, despite being very frequent in adults with Down syndrome (DS), are often overlooked due to a lack of awareness by families and physicians and the absence of specific clinical sleep guidelines. Untreated sleep disorders have a negative ... ...

Abstract	Sleep disorders, despite being very frequent in adults with Down syndrome (DS), are often overlooked due to a lack of awareness by families and physicians and the absence of specific clinical sleep guidelines. Untreated sleep disorders have a negative impact on physical and mental health, behavior, and cognitive performance. Growing evidence suggests that sleep disruption may also accelerate the progression to symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD) in this population. It is therefore imperative to have a better understanding of the sleep disorders associated with DS in order to treat them, and in doing so, improve cognition and quality of life, and prevent related comorbidities. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the main sleep disorders in adults with DS, including evaluation and management. It highlights the existing gaps in knowledge and discusses future directions to achieve earlier diagnosis and better treatment of sleep disorders most frequently found in this population.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm10143012
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Article ; Online: Screening for PTSD and TBI in Veterans using Routine Clinical Laboratory Blood Tests.

Xu, Mu / Lin, Ziqiang / Siegel, Carole E / Laska, Eugene M / Abu-Amara, Duna / Genfi, Afia / Newman, Jennifer / Jeffers, Michelle K / Blessing, Esther M / Flanagan, Steven R / Fossati, Silvia / Etkin, Amit / Marmar, Charles R

Translational psychiatry

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 64

Abstract: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder diagnosed by clinical interviews, self-report measures and neuropsychological testing. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have neuropsychiatric symptoms similar to PTSD. Diagnosing PTSD and TBI is ... ...

Abstract	Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder diagnosed by clinical interviews, self-report measures and neuropsychological testing. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have neuropsychiatric symptoms similar to PTSD. Diagnosing PTSD and TBI is challenging and more so for providers lacking specialized training facing time pressures in primary care and other general medical settings. Diagnosis relies heavily on patient self-report and patients frequently under-report or over-report their symptoms due to stigma or seeking compensation. We aimed to create objective diagnostic screening tests utilizing Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) blood tests available in most clinical settings. CLIA blood test results were ascertained in 475 male veterans with and without PTSD and TBI following warzone exposure in Iraq or Afghanistan. Using random forest (RF) methods, four classification models were derived to predict PTSD and TBI status. CLIA features were selected utilizing a stepwise forward variable selection RF procedure. The AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.730, 0.706, 0.659, and 0.715, respectively for differentiating PTSD and healthy controls (HC), 0.704, 0.677, 0.671, and 0.681 for TBI vs. HC, 0.739, 0.742, 0.635, and 0.766 for PTSD comorbid with TBI vs HC, and 0.726, 0.723, 0.636, and 0.747 for PTSD vs. TBI. Comorbid alcohol abuse, major depressive disorder, and BMI are not confounders in these RF models. Markers of glucose metabolism and inflammation are among the most significant CLIA features in our models. Routine CLIA blood tests have the potential for discriminating PTSD and TBI cases from healthy controls and from each other. These findings hold promise for the development of accessible and low-cost biomarker tests as screening measures for PTSD and TBI in primary care and specialty settings.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Veterans/psychology ; Laboratories, Clinical ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic ; Hematologic Tests
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2609311-X
ISSN	2158-3188 ; 2158-3188
ISSN (online)	2158-3188
ISSN	2158-3188
DOI	10.1038/s41398-022-02298-x
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Article ; Online: Association of Psychiatric Disorders With Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19.

Nemani, Katlyn / Li, Chenxiang / Olfson, Mark / Blessing, Esther M / Razavian, Narges / Chen, Ji / Petkova, Eva / Goff, Donald C

JAMA psychiatry

2021 Volume 78, Issue 4, Page(s) 380–386

Abstract: Importance: To date, the association of psychiatric diagnoses with mortality in patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been evaluated.: Objective: To assess whether a diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, mood ... ...

Abstract	Importance: To date, the association of psychiatric diagnoses with mortality in patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been evaluated. Objective: To assess whether a diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, mood disorder, or anxiety disorder is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19. Design, setting, and participants: This retrospective cohort study assessed 7348 consecutive adult patients for 45 days following laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between March 3 and May 31, 2020, in a large academic medical system in New York. The final date of follow-up was July 15, 2020. Patients without available medical records before testing were excluded. Exposures: Patients were categorized based on the following International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnoses before their testing date: (1) schizophrenia spectrum disorders, (2) mood disorders, and (3) anxiety disorders. Patients with these diagnoses were compared with a reference group without psychiatric disorders. Main outcomes and measures: Mortality, defined as death or discharge to hospice within 45 days following a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test result. Results: Of the 26 540 patients tested, 7348 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (mean [SD] age, 54 [18.6] years; 3891 [53.0%] women). Of eligible patients with positive test results, 75 patients (1.0%) had a history of a schizophrenia spectrum illness, 564 (7.7%) had a history of a mood disorder, and 360 (4.9%) had a history of an anxiety disorder. After adjusting for demographic and medical risk factors, a premorbid diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder was significantly associated with mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.67; 95% CI, 1.48-4.80). Diagnoses of mood disorders (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.87-1.49) and anxiety disorders (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.65-1.41) were not associated with mortality after adjustment. In comparison with other risk factors, a diagnosis of schizophrenia ranked behind only age in strength of an association with mortality. Conclusions and relevance: In this cohort study of adults with SARS-CoV-2-positive test results in a large New York medical system, adults with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder diagnosis were associated with an increased risk for mortality, but those with mood and anxiety disorders were not associated with a risk of mortality. These results suggest that schizophrenia spectrum disorders may be a risk factor for mortality in patients with COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; COVID-19/mortality ; COVID-19/therapy ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mood Disorders/diagnosis ; Mood Disorders/epidemiology ; Mortality ; New York/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Schizophrenia/diagnosis ; Schizophrenia/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2701203-7
ISSN	2168-6238 ; 2168-622X
ISSN (online)	2168-6238
ISSN	2168-622X
DOI	10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4442
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Article ; Online: MICA-A toolbox for masked independent component analysis of fMRI data.

Moher Alsady, Tawfik / Blessing, Esther M / Beissner, Florian

Human brain mapping

2016 Volume 37, Issue 10, Page(s) 3544–3556

Abstract: Independent component analysis (ICA) is a widely used technique for investigating functional connectivity (fc) in functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Masked independent component analysis (mICA), that is, ICA restricted to a defined region of ... ...

Abstract	Independent component analysis (ICA) is a widely used technique for investigating functional connectivity (fc) in functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Masked independent component analysis (mICA), that is, ICA restricted to a defined region of interest, has been shown to detect local fc networks in particular brain regions, including the cerebellum, brainstem, posterior cingulate cortex, operculo-insular cortex, hippocampus, and spinal cord. Here, we present the mICA toolbox, an open-source GUI toolbox based on FSL command line tools that performs mICA and related analyses in an integrated way. Functions include automated mask generation from atlases, essential preprocessing, mICA-based parcellation, back-reconstruction of whole-brain fc networks from local ones, and reproducibility analysis. Automated slice-wise calculation and cropping are additional functions that reduce computational time and memory requirements for large analyses. To validate our toolbox, we tested these different functions on the cerebellum, hippocampus, and brainstem, using resting-state and task-based data from the Human Connectome Project. In the cerebellum, mICA detected six local networks together with their whole-brain counterparts, closely replicating previous results. MICA-based parcellation of the hippocampus showed a longitudinally discrete configuration with greater heterogeneity in the anterior hippocampus, consistent with animal and human literature. Finally, brainstem mICA detected motor and sensory nuclei involved in the motor task of tongue movement, thereby replicating and extending earlier results. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3544-3556, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Atlases as Topic ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/physiology ; Connectome/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rest ; Tongue/physiology ; User-Computer Interface
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Validation Study
ZDB-ID	1197207-5
ISSN	1097-0193 ; 1065-9471
ISSN (online)	1097-0193
ISSN	1065-9471
DOI	10.1002/hbm.23258
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Article ; Online: Anterior Hippocampal-Cortical Functional Connectivity Distinguishes Antipsychotic Naïve First-Episode Psychosis Patients From Controls and May Predict Response to Second-Generation Antipsychotic Treatment.

Blessing, Esther M / Murty, Vishnu P / Zeng, Botao / Wang, Jijun / Davachi, Lila / Goff, Donald C

Schizophrenia bulletin

2019 Volume 46, Issue 3, Page(s) 680–689

Abstract: Background: Converging evidence implicates the anterior hippocampus in the proximal pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Although resting state functional connectivity (FC) holds promise for characterizing anterior hippocampal circuit abnormalities and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Converging evidence implicates the anterior hippocampus in the proximal pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Although resting state functional connectivity (FC) holds promise for characterizing anterior hippocampal circuit abnormalities and their relationship to treatment response, this technique has not yet been used in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients in a manner that distinguishes the anterior from posterior hippocampus. Methods: We used masked-hippocampal-group-independent component analysis with dual regression to contrast subregional hippocampal-whole brain FC between healthy controls (HCs) and antipsychotic naïve FEP patients (N = 61, 36 female). In a subsample of FEP patients (N = 27, 15 female), we repeated this analysis following 8 weeks of second-generation antipsychotic treatment and explored whether baseline FC predicted treatment response using random forest. Results: Relative to HC, untreated FEP subjects displayed reproducibly lower FC between the left anteromedial hippocampus and cortical regions including the anterior cingulate and insular cortex (P < .05, corrected). Anteromedial hippocampal FC increased in FEP patients following treatment (P < .005), and no longer differed from HC. Random forest analysis showed baseline anteromedial hippocampal FC with four brain regions, namely the insular-opercular cortex, superior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and postcentral gyrus predicted treatment response (area under the curve = 0.95). Conclusions: Antipsychotic naïve FEP is associated with lower FC between the anterior hippocampus and cortical regions previously implicated in schizophrenia. Preliminary analysis suggests that random forest models based on hippocampal FC may predict treatment response in FEP patients, and hence could be a useful biomarker for treatment development.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage ; Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology ; Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology ; Connectome ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli/diagnostic imaging ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiopathology ; Hippocampus/diagnostic imaging ; Hippocampus/physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy ; Psychotic Disorders/physiopathology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Antipsychotic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	439173-1
ISSN	1745-1701 ; 0586-7614
ISSN (online)	1745-1701
ISSN	0586-7614
DOI	10.1093/schbul/sbz076
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Article: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio associates with markers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in cognitively unimpaired elderly people.

Jacobs, Tovia / Jacobson, Sean R / Fortea, Juan / Berger, Jeffrey S / Vedvyas, Alok / Marsh, Karyn / He, Tianshe / Gutierrez-Jimenez, Eugenio / Fillmore, Nathanael R / Bubu, Omonigho M / Gonzalez, Moses / Figueredo, Luisa / Gaggi, Naomi L / Plaska, Chelsea Reichert / Pomara, Nunzio / Blessing, Esther / Betensky, Rebecca / Rusinek, Henry / Zetterberg, Henrik /

Blennow, Kaj / Glodzik, Lidia / Wisniewski, Thomas M / Leon, Mony J / Osorio, Ricardo S / Ramos-Cejudo, Jaime

Research square

2024

Abstract: Background: An elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in blood has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, an elevated NLR has also been implicated in many other conditions that are risk factors for AD, prompting investigation into ... ...

Abstract	Background: An elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in blood has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, an elevated NLR has also been implicated in many other conditions that are risk factors for AD, prompting investigation into whether the NLR is directly linked with AD pathology or a result of underlying comorbidities. Herein, we explored the relationship between the NLR and AD biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects. Adjusting for sociodemographics, APOE4, and common comorbidities, we investigated these associations in two cohorts: the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the M.J. de Leon CSF repository at NYU. Specifically, we examined associations between the NLR and cross-sectional measures of amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau Results: A total of 111 ADNI and 190 NYU participants classified as CU with available NLR, CSF, and covariate data were included. Compared to NYU, ADNI participants were older (73.79 vs. 61.53, p < 0.001), had a higher proportion of males (49.5% vs. 36.8%, p = 0.042), higher BMIs (27.94 vs. 25.79, p < 0.001), higher prevalence of hypertensive history (47.7% vs. 16.3%, p < 0.001), and a greater percentage of Aβ-positivity (34.2% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.009). In the ADNI cohort, we found cross-sectional associations between the NLR and CSF Aβ42 (β=-12.193, p = 0.021), but not t-tau or p-tau. In the NYU cohort, we found cross-sectional associations between the NLR and CSF t-tau (β = 26.812, p = 0.019) and p-tau (β = 3.441, p = 0.015), but not Aβ42. In the NYU cohort alone, subjects classified as Aβ+ (n = 38) displayed a stronger association between the NLR and t-tau (β = 100.476, p = 0.037) compared to Aβ- subjects or the non-stratified cohort. In both cohorts, the same associations observed in the cross-sectional analyses were observed after incorporating longitudinal CSF data. Conclusions: We report associations between the NLR and Aβ42 in the older ADNI cohort, and between the NLR and t-tau and p-tau
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.21203/rs.3.rs-4076789/v1
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Article ; Online: Clozapine, chlorpromazine and risperidone dose-dependently reduce emotional hyperthermia, a biological marker of salience.

Blessing, William W / Blessing, Esther M / Mohammed, Mazher / Ootsuka, Youichirou

Psychopharmacology

2017 Volume 234, Issue 21, Page(s) 3259–3269

Abstract: Rationale: We recently introduced a new rat model of emotional hyperthermia in which a salient stimulus activates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and tail artery constriction. Antipsychotic drugs, both classical and second generation, act to ... ...

Abstract	Rationale: We recently introduced a new rat model of emotional hyperthermia in which a salient stimulus activates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and tail artery constriction. Antipsychotic drugs, both classical and second generation, act to reduce excessive assignment of salience to objects and events in the external environment. The close association between salient occurrences and increases in body temperature suggests that antipsychotic drugs may also reduce emotional hyperthermia. Objectives: We determined whether chlorpromazine, clozapine, and risperidone dose dependently reduce emotionally elicited increases in BAT thermogenesis, cutaneous vasoconstriction, and body temperature in rats. Methods: Rats, chronically instrumented for measurement of BAT and body temperature and tail artery blood flow, singly housed, were confronted with an intruder rat (confined within a small wire-mesh cage) after systemic pre-treatment of the resident rat with vehicle or antipsychotic agent. BAT and body temperatures, tail blood flow, and behavioral activity were continuously measured. Results: Clozapine (30 μg-2 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (0.1-5 mg/kg), and risperidone (6.25 μg-1 mg/kg) robustly and dose-relatedly reduced intruder-elicited BAT thermogenesis and tail artery vasoconstriction, with consequent dose-related reduction in emotional hyperthermia. Conclusions: Chlorpromazine, a first-generation antipsychotic, as well as clozapine and risperidone, second-generation agents, dose-dependently reduce emotional hyperthermia. Dopamine D
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	130601-7
ISSN	1432-2072 ; 0033-3158
ISSN (online)	1432-2072
ISSN	0033-3158
DOI	10.1007/s00213-017-4710-x
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Article ; Online: Hippocampal Subfield Volumes Predict Disengagement from Maintenance Treatment in First Episode Schizophrenia.

Qi, Wei / Marx, Julia / Zingman, Michael / Li, Yi / Petkova, Eva / Blessing, Esther / Ardekani, Babak / Sakalli Kani, Ayse / Cather, Corinne / Freudenreich, Oliver / Holt, Daphne / Zhao, Jingping / Wang, Jijun / Goff, Donald C

Schizophrenia bulletin

2022 Volume 49, Issue 1, Page(s) 34–42

Abstract: Objectives: Disengagement from treatment is common in first episode schizophrenia (FES) and is associated with poor outcomes. Our aim was to determine whether hippocampal subfield volumes predict disengagement during maintenance treatment of FES.: ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Disengagement from treatment is common in first episode schizophrenia (FES) and is associated with poor outcomes. Our aim was to determine whether hippocampal subfield volumes predict disengagement during maintenance treatment of FES. Methods: FES patients were recruited from sites in Boston, New York, Shanghai, and Changsha. After stabilization on antipsychotic medication, participants were randomized to add-on citalopram or placebo and followed for 12 months. Demographic, clinical and cognitive factors at baseline were compared between completers and disengagers in addition to volumes of hippocampal subfields. Results: Baseline data were available for 95 randomized participants. Disengagers (n = 38, 40%) differed from completers (n = 57, 60%) by race (more likely Black; less likely Asian) and in more alcohol use, parkinsonism, negative symptoms and more impairment in visual learning and working memory. Bilateral dentate gyrus (DG), CA1, CA2/3 and whole hippocampal volumes were significantly smaller in disengagers compared to completers. When all the eight volumes were entered into the model simultaneously, only left DG volume significantly predicted disengagement status and remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, race, intracranial volume, antipsychotic dose, duration of untreated psychosis, citalopram status, alcohol status, and smoking status (P < .01). Left DG volume predicted disengagement with 57% sensitivity and 83% specificity. Conclusions: Smaller left DG was significantly associated with disengagement status over 12 months of maintenance treatment in patients with FES participating in a randomized clinical trial. If replicated, these findings may provide a biomarker to identify patients at risk for disengagement and a potential target for interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Schizophrenia/diagnostic imaging ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy ; Citalopram/pharmacology ; Citalopram/therapeutic use ; China ; Hippocampus/diagnostic imaging ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Chemical Substances	Citalopram (0DHU5B8D6V)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	439173-1
ISSN	1745-1701 ; 0586-7614
ISSN (online)	1745-1701
ISSN	0586-7614
DOI	10.1093/schbul/sbac043
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