Article ; Online: Defining the role of natural killer cells in COVID-19.
2023 Volume 24, Issue 10, Page(s) 1628–1638
Abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells are critical effectors of antiviral immunity. Researchers have therefore sought to characterize the NK cell response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it, severe acute respiratory syndrome ... ...
Abstract | Natural killer (NK) cells are critical effectors of antiviral immunity. Researchers have therefore sought to characterize the NK cell response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The NK cells of patients with severe COVID-19 undergo extensive phenotypic and functional changes. For example, the NK cells from critically ill patients with COVID-19 are highly activated and exhausted, with poor cytotoxic function and cytokine production upon stimulation. The NK cell response to SARS-CoV-2 is also modulated by changes induced in virally infected cells, including the ability of a viral peptide to bind HLA-E, preventing NK cells from receiving inhibitory signals, and the downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I and ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D. These changes have important implications for the ability of infected cells to escape NK cell killing. The implications of these findings for antibody-dependent NK cell activity in COVID-19 are also reviewed. Despite these advances in the understanding of the NK cell response to SARS-CoV-2, there remain critical gaps in our current understanding and a wealth of avenues for future research on this topic. |
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MeSH term(s) | Humans ; COVID-19/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Killer Cells, Natural ; HLA Antigens/metabolism ; Ligands |
Chemical Substances | HLA Antigens ; Ligands |
Language | English |
Publishing date | 2023-07-17 |
Publishing country | United States |
Document type | Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
ZDB-ID | 2016987-5 |
ISSN | 1529-2916 ; 1529-2908 |
ISSN (online) | 1529-2916 |
ISSN | 1529-2908 |
DOI | 10.1038/s41590-023-01560-8 |
Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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