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  1. Book ; Online: The Routledge Handbook of the Economics of Ageing

    Bloom, David E / Sousa-Poza, Alfonso / Sunde, Uwe

    (Routledge International Handbooks)

    2024  

    Series title Routledge International Handbooks
    Keywords Labour economics ; Economics ; Medicolegal issues ; Population & demography ; Age groups: the elderly ; economics of ageing,labour economics,generational accounting,health economics,Population Ageing,NTA,Pension Systems,Health Deficits,Pension Reforms,Assortative Matching,Younger Men,Labor Income,Normal Retirement Age,Public Transfers,Income Replacement Rate,OLG Model,Life Cycle Model,Age Profiles,Human Development Index,Retirement Age,Frailty Index,Dependency Ratio,Spousal Health,Differential Mortality,Vice Versa,Public Pension,Effective Retirement Ages,Healthcare Spending,Demographic Transition
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource
    Publisher Taylor and Francis
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English
    HBZ-ID HT030610943
    ISBN 9780367713454 ; 0367713454
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: Strep A: challenges, opportunities, vaccine-based solutions, and economics.

    Bloom, David E / Carapetis, Jonathan

    NPJ vaccines

    2024  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 80

    Abstract: This collection of articles focuses on Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) vaccine research and innovation, with a focus on emerging efforts to understand and estimate the full societal value of Strep A vaccination. ...

    Abstract This collection of articles focuses on Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) vaccine research and innovation, with a focus on emerging efforts to understand and estimate the full societal value of Strep A vaccination.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2059-0105
    ISSN (online) 2059-0105
    DOI 10.1038/s41541-024-00863-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Strep A: challenges, opportunities, vaccine-based solutions and economics.

    Bloom, David E / Titball, Richard W / Carapetis, Jonathan

    NPJ vaccines

    2024  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 81

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ISSN 2059-0105
    ISSN (online) 2059-0105
    DOI 10.1038/s41541-024-00864-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Global antibiotic use during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of pharmaceutical sales data from 71 countries, 2020-2022.

    Nandi, Arindam / Pecetta, Simone / Bloom, David E

    EClinicalMedicine

    2023  Volume 57, Page(s) 101848

    Abstract: Background: Despite bacterial coinfection rates of less than 10%, antibiotics are prescribed to an estimated 75% of patients with COVID-19, potentially exacerbating antimicrobial resistance. We estimated the associations of COVID-19 cases and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Despite bacterial coinfection rates of less than 10%, antibiotics are prescribed to an estimated 75% of patients with COVID-19, potentially exacerbating antimicrobial resistance. We estimated the associations of COVID-19 cases and vaccinations with global antibiotic sales during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Methods: We obtained monthly data on broad-spectrum antibiotic sales volumes (cephalosporins, penicillins, macrolides, and tetracyclines) in 71 countries during March 2020-May 2022 from the IQVIA MIDAS® database. These data were combined with country-month-level COVID-19 case and vaccination data from Our World in Data. We used least squares (pooled) and fixed-effects panel data regression models, accounting for country characteristics, to estimate the associations between antibiotic sales volumes and COVID-19 cases and vaccinations per 1000 people.
    Findings: Sales of all four antibiotics fell sharply during April and May 2020, followed by a gradual rise to near pre-pandemic levels through May 2022. In fixed-effects regression models, a 10% increase in monthly COVID-19 cases was associated with 0.2%-0.3% higher sales of cephalosporins, 0.2%-0.3% higher sales of penicillins, 0.4%-0.6% higher sales of macrolides, and 0.3% higher sales of all four antibiotics combined per 1000 people. Across continents, a 10% increase in monthly COVID-19 cases was associated with 0.8%, 1.3%, and 1.5% higher macrolides sales in Europe, North America, and Africa respectively. Sales of other antibiotics across continent were also positively associated with COVID-19 cases, although the estimated associations were smaller in magnitude. No consistent associations were observed between antibiotic sales and COVID-19 vaccinations. Results from pooled regression analysis were similar to those from the fixed-effects models.
    Interpretation: Antibiotic sales were positively associated with COVID-19 cases globally during 2020-2022. Our findings underline that antibiotic stewardship in the context of COVID-19 remains essential.
    Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-5370
    ISSN (online) 2589-5370
    DOI 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101848
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Optimal global spending for group A Streptococcus vaccine research and development.

    Tortorice, Daniel / Ferranna, Maddalena / Bloom, David E

    NPJ vaccines

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 62

    Abstract: Group A Streptococcus (Strep A) leads to 600,000 deaths and 600 million cases of pharyngitis annually. Although long a promising target for vaccine development, how much funding should be allocated to develop a Strep A vaccine is unclear. We aim to ... ...

    Abstract Group A Streptococcus (Strep A) leads to 600,000 deaths and 600 million cases of pharyngitis annually. Although long a promising target for vaccine development, how much funding should be allocated to develop a Strep A vaccine is unclear. We aim to calculate the optimal amount of global spending for Strep A vaccine development, the resulting benefits, and the social rate of return on this spending. We develop a model of optimal spending, from a global societal perspective, on research and development (R&D) for vaccines and treatments. The model takes as inputs total harm from the disease, the probability an R&D project succeeds, the cost of a project, and the fraction of total harm a success alleviates. Based on these inputs the model outputs an optimal amount of spending and a rate of return. We calibrate the model for Strep A. Optimal spending is estimated to be 2020 USD33 billion. This spending leads to 2020 USD1.63 trillion in benefits and a real return of 22.3% per year for thirty years. Sensitivity shows an optimal spending range of 15.9 billion to 58.5 billion, a benefits range of 1.6 trillion to 37.9 trillion, and a return range of 18.0-48.2%. Investment in a Strep A vaccine could create enormous benefits for comparatively little cost. It represents one of the highest return uses of public spending. Policy can promote Strep A vaccine development through direct funding of projects and by promoting financial mechanisms that allow the private sector to diversify its R&D investment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2059-0105
    ISSN (online) 2059-0105
    DOI 10.1038/s41541-023-00646-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Health and Economic Growth: Reconciling the Micro and Macro Evidence.

    Bloom, David E / Canning, David / Kotschy, Rainer / Prettner, Klaus / Schünemann, Johannes

    World development

    2024  Volume 178

    Abstract: Economists use micro-based and macro-based approaches to assess the macroeconomic return to population health. The macro-based approach tends to yield estimates that are either negative and close to zero or positive and an order of magnitude larger than ... ...

    Abstract Economists use micro-based and macro-based approaches to assess the macroeconomic return to population health. The macro-based approach tends to yield estimates that are either negative and close to zero or positive and an order of magnitude larger than the range of estimates derived from the micro-based approach. This presents a micro-macro puzzle regarding the macroeconomic return to health. We reconcile the two approaches by controlling for the indirect effects of health on income per capita, which macro-based approaches usually include but micro-based approaches deliberately omit when isolating the direct income effects of health. Our results show that the macroeconomic return to health lies in the range of plausible microeconomic estimates, demonstrating that both approaches are in fact consistent with one another.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1500836-8
    ISSN 0305-750X
    ISSN 0305-750X
    DOI 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106575
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Book: The economics of HIV and AIDS

    Bloom, David E.

    the case of South And South East Asia

    1997  

    Author's details ed. by David E. Bloom
    Keywords Aids ; Südasien ; Südostasien ; Krankheitskosten ; Medizinische Versorgung ; Gesundheitsökonomie
    Subject Gesundheitskosten ; Behandlungskosten ; Heilungskosten ; Krankheit ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; Gesundheitswesen ; Medizinökonomie ; Medizinökonomik ; Medizinische Ökonomie ; Medizinische Ökonomik ; Health Economics ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitliche Versorgung ; Patientenversorgung ; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; Erworbenes Immundefektsyndrom
    Language English
    Size 263 S.
    Publisher Oxford Univ. Press
    Publishing place Delhi u.a.
    Publishing country India
    Document type Book
    Note Bibliography.
    HBZ-ID HT008182195
    ISBN 0-19-564150-7 ; 978-0-19-564150-9
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    1999 A 5952 order for loan Magazin

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  8. Article ; Online: Beyond GDP: Using healthy lifetime income to trace well-being over time with estimates for 193 countries.

    Zhang, Junlai / Prettner, Klaus / Chen, Simiao / Bloom, David E

    Social science & medicine (1982)

    2023  Volume 320, Page(s) 115674

    Abstract: We measure well-being across 193 countries from 1990 to 2019 using a new indicator: healthy lifetime income (HLI). Apart from the income component as captured by standard per capita gross domestic product, HLI incorporates health as a second important ... ...

    Abstract We measure well-being across 193 countries from 1990 to 2019 using a new indicator: healthy lifetime income (HLI). Apart from the income component as captured by standard per capita gross domestic product, HLI incorporates health as a second important component. Overall, HLI can be interpreted as the income of the average person in an economy during the years in which the person is in good health. We show that HLI has particular strengths as compared with other measures such as the Human Development Index. These include requiring only easily accessible data for its construction, having an immediate economic interpretation and unit of measurement, not needing the application of arbitrary weights of subcomponents, and not being bounded from above. As compared with using per capita gross domestic product as a metric for well-being, we find that countries with better population health tend to fare better in the rankings. This provides a rationale for investments in health and helps shift the focus from material well-being (as an instrumental indicator of well-being) toward health (as an intrinsic goal).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Income ; Gross Domestic Product ; Health Status ; Developing Countries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 4766-1
    ISSN 1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
    ISSN (online) 1873-5347
    ISSN 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
    DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115674
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 625: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  9. Article ; Online: Factors underlying COVID-19 vaccine and booster hesitancy and refusal, and incentivizing vaccine adoption.

    Bennett, Neil G / Bloom, David E / Ferranna, Maddalena

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 9, Page(s) e0274529

    Abstract: The paper investigates the factors underlying COVID-19 vaccine and booster hesitancy in the United States, and the efficacy of various incentives or disincentives to expand uptake. We use cross-sectional, national survey data on 3,497 U.S. adults ... ...

    Abstract The paper investigates the factors underlying COVID-19 vaccine and booster hesitancy in the United States, and the efficacy of various incentives or disincentives to expand uptake. We use cross-sectional, national survey data on 3,497 U.S. adults collected online from September 10, 2021 to October 20, 2021 through the Qualtrics platform. Results from a multinomial logistic regression reveal that hesitancy and refusal were greatest among those who expressed a lack of trust either in government or in the vaccine's efficacy (hesitancy relative risk ratio, or RRR: 2.86, 95% CI: 2.13-3.83, p<0.001). Hesitancy and refusal were lowest among those who typically get a flu vaccine (hesitancy RRR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.21-0.36, p<0.001; refusal RRR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.05-0.13, p<0.001). Similar results hold for the intention to get a booster shot among the fully vaccinated. Monetary rewards (i.e., lottery ticket and gift cards) fared poorly in moving people toward vaccination. In contrast, the prospect of job loss or increased health insurance premiums was found to significantly increase vaccine uptake, by 8.7 percentage points (p<0.001) and 9.4 percentage points (p<0.001), respectively. We also show that the motivations underlying individuals' hesitancy or refusal to get vaccinated vary, which, in turn, suggests that messaging must be refined and directed accordingly. Also, moving forward, it may be fruitful to more deeply study the intriguing possibility that expanding flu vaccine uptake may also enhance willingness to vaccinate in times of pandemics. Last, disincentives such as work-based vaccination mandates that would result in job loss or higher health insurance premiums for those who refuse vaccination should be strongly considered to improve vaccine uptake in the effort to address the common good.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines ; Motivation ; Parents ; United States ; Urinary Bladder Diseases ; Urination Disorders ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; Influenza Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0274529
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Forecasting the Incremental Value to Society Created by a Class of New Prescription Drugs: A Proposed Methodology and Its Application to Treating Chronic Hepatitis C in India.

    Srinivasan, V / Bloom, David E / Khoury, Alex

    Applied health economics and health policy

    2022  Volume 20, Issue 3, Page(s) 371–381

    Abstract: Background: For low- and middle-income countries, the forecasted incremental value to society created by a class of new prescription drugs would be a useful criterion to prioritize the licensing, subsidization, and provision of new drugs.: Objectives!# ...

    Abstract Background: For low- and middle-income countries, the forecasted incremental value to society created by a class of new prescription drugs would be a useful criterion to prioritize the licensing, subsidization, and provision of new drugs.
    Objectives: We provide a methodology to forecast the value of a new class of drugs, defined as the incremental value obtained in the scenario in which the new class of drugs is available along with existing drugs compared with the scenario of existing drugs only. We forecasted the value created by direct-acting antiviral drugs to treat chronic hepatitis C in India.
    Method: We conducted a physician survey together with an aggregate multinomial logit model to forecast for each patient type the fraction of physicians who would prescribe the new drug under different scenarios. Value was determined by the monetary equivalent of increased life expectancy, reduced disability, and decreased future infection of others, minus drug cost, all treatment-related costs, and the cost of side effects.
    Results: We forecasted that the introduction of direct-acting antiviral drugs is likely to create USD11.5 billion of value in India over a 5-year period, based on a 'realistic' assumption about the growth rate of India's per capita GDP. Under 'pessimistic' and 'optimistic' assumptions about the growth rate, the value changes to USD6.5 and 22.5 billion, respectively.
    Conclusions: There is major value likely to be created by the new direct-acting antiviral drugs in treating hepatitis C in India; this is consistent with the Indian Government's decision to provide the drugs free of cost.
    MeSH term(s) Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy ; Humans ; India ; Prescription Drugs/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Prescription Drugs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-11
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2171420-4
    ISSN 1179-1896 ; 1175-5652
    ISSN (online) 1179-1896
    ISSN 1175-5652
    DOI 10.1007/s40258-022-00725-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 6060: Show issues Location:
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