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Book: Satiation, satiety and the control of food intake

Blundell, John E.

theory and practice

(Woodhead publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition ; 257)

2013

Author's details	ed. by John E. Blundell
Series title	Woodhead publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition ; 257
Collection
Language	English
Size	XXV, 407 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
Publisher	Woodhead Publ
Publishing place	Oxford u.a.
Publishing country	Great Britain
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT017730928
ISBN	978-0-85709-543-5 ; 9780857098719 ; 0-85709-543-9 ; 0857098713
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: The importance of fat-free mass and constituent tissue-organs in the control of human appetite.

Hopkins, Mark / Blundell, John E

Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care

2023 Volume 26, Issue 5, Page(s) 417–422

Abstract: Purpose of review: Traditional models of human appetite focus on the contribution of adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract, both of which exert mainly inhibitory influences. The purpose of this review is to consider the biological factors that ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Traditional models of human appetite focus on the contribution of adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract, both of which exert mainly inhibitory influences. The purpose of this review is to consider the biological factors that influence the drive to eat. Recent findings: Fat-free mass is positively associated with objectively measured meal size and daily energy intake. These findings have been replicated in multiple populations across the life-course in laboratory and free-living studies. Studies have shown that the effect of fat-free mass is statistically mediated by resting metabolic rate, suggesting that energy expenditure per se may influence energy intake. A recent MRI study has reported that fasting hunger was associated with high metabolic rate organ (heart, liver, brain, kidneys) and skeletal muscle mass. Integrating measures of body composition at the tissue-organ level and markers of their metabolic function with appetitive measures could provide novel insight into the mechanisms that influence appetite. Summary: These recent findings suggest that fat-free mass and resting metabolic rate are determinants of energy intake. Consideration of fat-free mass and energy expenditure as physiological sources of appetitive signals helps reconcile the mechanisms underpinning the inhibition of eating with those that drive eating.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Appetite/physiology ; Energy Intake/physiology ; Hunger ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Basal Metabolism/physiology ; Body Composition/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1460178-3
ISSN	1473-6519 ; 1363-1950
ISSN (online)	1473-6519
ISSN	1363-1950
DOI	10.1097/MCO.0000000000000965
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Article ; Online: The complex pattern of the effects of prolonged frequent exercise on appetite control, and implications for obesity.

Blundell, John E / Beaulieu, Kristine

Appetite

2023 Volume 183, Page(s) 106482

Abstract: From a public health perspective, much of the interest in the relationship between exercise and appetite rests on the implications for energy balance and obesity. Energy balance reflects a dynamic 2-way interaction between energy expenditure (EE) and ... ...

Abstract	From a public health perspective, much of the interest in the relationship between exercise and appetite rests on the implications for energy balance and obesity. Energy balance reflects a dynamic 2-way interaction between energy expenditure (EE) and energy intake (EI). Physical activity and exercise, and appetite are the behavioural components of EE and EI, respectively. Beyond EE, exercise is a powerful and complex physiological stimulus acting on several bodily systems. There are multiple effects of frequent and prolonged exercise on appetite which include inter alia an increase in fasting hunger, an enhancement of post-prandial satiety, a modulation of the hedonic responses to food and improvements in eating behaviour traits. These lead to variable adjustments in EI and in a reduction in the susceptibility to overconsumption. Frequent and prolonged physical activity and exercise behaviour can strengthen and sensitise the appetite control system, whilst physical inactivity and sedentariness (low level of EE) fails to downregulate EI and can permit overconsumption. Not all of the effects of exercise operate uniformly to drive appetite in the same direction. The complexity of the interaction between EE and EI means that the effects of prolonged exercise are characterised by substantial individual heterogeneity. This leads to variable effects on energy balance and body mass.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Appetite/physiology ; Appetite Regulation ; Obesity ; Satiation/physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Energy Intake/physiology ; Energy Metabolism/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1461347-5
ISSN	1095-8304 ; 0195-6663
ISSN (online)	1095-8304
ISSN	0195-6663
DOI	10.1016/j.appet.2023.106482
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Article ; Online: The complex pattern of the effects of prolonged frequent exercise on appetite control, and implications for obesity

Blundell, John E. / Beaulieu, Kristine

Appetite. 2023 Apr., v. 183 p.106482-

2023

Abstract	From a public health perspective, much of the interest in the relationship between exercise and appetite rests on the implications for energy balance and obesity. Energy balance reflects a dynamic 2-way interaction between energy expenditure (EE) and energy intake (EI). Physical activity and exercise, and appetite are the behavioural components of EE and EI, respectively. Beyond EE, exercise is a powerful and complex physiological stimulus acting on several bodily systems. There are multiple effects of frequent and prolonged exercise on appetite which include inter alia an increase in fasting hunger, an enhancement of post-prandial satiety, a modulation of the hedonic responses to food and improvements in eating behaviour traits. These lead to variable adjustments in EI and in a reduction in the susceptibility to overconsumption. Frequent and prolonged physical activity and exercise behaviour can strengthen and sensitise the appetite control system, whilst physical inactivity and sedentariness (low level of EE) fails to downregulate EI and can permit overconsumption. Not all of the effects of exercise operate uniformly to drive appetite in the same direction. The complexity of the interaction between EE and EI means that the effects of prolonged exercise are characterised by substantial individual heterogeneity. This leads to variable effects on energy balance and body mass.
Keywords	energy expenditure ; energy intake ; exercise ; hunger ; obesity ; public health ; satiety ; Physical activity ; Appetite control ; Energy balance
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-04
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	764440-1
ISSN	0195-6663
ISSN	0195-6663
DOI	10.1016/j.appet.2023.106482
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Striking a balance: Orexigenic and energy-consuming effects of energy expenditure on body weight.

Hopkins, Mark / Blundell, John E

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

2022 Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 575–576

MeSH term(s)	Body Weight ; Energy Metabolism ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2230457-5
ISSN	1930-739X ; 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
ISSN (online)	1930-739X
ISSN	1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
DOI	10.1002/oby.23393
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Article ; Online: Low-calorie sweeteners: more complicated than sweetness without calories.

Blundell, John E

The American journal of clinical nutrition

2019 Volume 109, Issue 5, Page(s) 1237–1238

MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Body Weight ; Humans ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Sucrose ; Sweetening Agents
Chemical Substances	Sweetening Agents ; Sucrose (57-50-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	280048-2
ISSN	1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
ISSN (online)	1938-3207
ISSN	0002-9165
DOI	10.1093/ajcn/nqz015
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Article ; Online: Validation of a Mobile App-Based Visual Analog Scale for Appetite Measurement in the Real World: A Randomized Digital Clinical Trial.

Zhu, Yong / Blundell, John E / Holschuh, Norton M / McLean, Ross / Menon, Ravi S

Nutrients

2023 Volume 15, Issue 2

Abstract: There has been no validated digital tool for measuring appetite with a visual analog scale (VAS) through a mobile app using participants' smart phones for data collection in virtual settings. To fill the gap, we developed a digital VAS and conducted a ... ...

Abstract	There has been no validated digital tool for measuring appetite with a visual analog scale (VAS) through a mobile app using participants' smart phones for data collection in virtual settings. To fill the gap, we developed a digital VAS and conducted a digital cross-over clinical trial by comparing appetite responses measured by this digital tool versus paper-based VAS in 102 participants in a free-living environment. Participants consumed either a 230 or 460 kcal breakfast in randomized order in two virtual sessions, and their appetite was measured over the next 4 h using both tools. The results revealed no significant difference in hunger, fullness, satiety, or desire to eat measured by digital and paper VAS. Paper VAS resulted in a higher prospective consumption score than digital VAS; the difference (1.1 out of 100 points) was statistically significant but not practically relevant. Bland and Altman analysis also indicated consistency in the results from the two methods. In conclusion, digital VAS on a smart phone is a validated tool for appetite measurement in the real world; it provides a new way for researchers to leverage participants' mobile devices for appetite data collection in digital trials.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Appetite/physiology ; Mobile Applications ; Visual Analog Scale ; Prospective Studies ; Hunger/physiology ; Satiation/physiology ; Cross-Over Studies ; Energy Intake
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu15020304
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Article ; Online: Fat-Free Mass and Total Daily Energy Expenditure Estimated Using Doubly Labeled Water Predict Energy Intake in a Large Sample of Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Hopkins, Mark / Casanova, Nuno / Finlayson, Graham / Stubbs, R James / Blundell, John E

The Journal of nutrition

2023 Volume 152, Issue 4, Page(s) 971–980

Abstract: Background: Up to 30% of community-based older adults report reduced appetite and energy intake (EI), but previous research examining the underlying physiological mechanisms has focused on the mechanisms that suppress eating rather than the hunger drive ...

Abstract	Background: Up to 30% of community-based older adults report reduced appetite and energy intake (EI), but previous research examining the underlying physiological mechanisms has focused on the mechanisms that suppress eating rather than the hunger drive and EI. Objectives: We examined the associations between fat-free mass (FFM), physical activity (PA), total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), and self-reported EI in older adults. Methods: The present study was a secondary analysis of the Interactive Diet and Activity Tracking in AARP study. Body composition (deuterium dilution), PA (accelerometry), and TDEE (doubly labeled water) were measured in 590 older adults (age, 63.1 ± 5.9 years; BMI, 28.1 ± 4.9 kg/m Results: After controlling for age and sex, linear regression demonstrated that FFM and TDEE predicted EI when estimated from a single 24-hour dietary recall (P < 0.05), from the mean of up to 6 dietary recalls (P < 0.05), and after the removal of those classified as underreporters (P < 0.001). Age moderated the associations between FFM and EI Conclusions: These data suggest that the total daily EI is proportional to the FFM and TDEE, but not fat mass, in older adults. These associations may reflect an underling drive to eat that influences the daily food intake. While the associations between FFM or TDEE and EI existed across all age quintiles, these associations weakened with increasing age.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Water ; Independent Living ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Energy Intake/physiology ; Diet ; Body Composition/physiology
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
DOI	10.1093/jn/nxab434
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Article ; Online: The "drive to eat" hypothesis: energy expenditure and fat-free mass but not adiposity are associated with milk intake and energy intake in 12 week infants.

Wells, Jonathan C / Davies, Peter S / Hopkins, Mark / Blundell, John E

The American journal of clinical nutrition

2021 Volume 114, Issue 2, Page(s) 505–514

Abstract: Background: Recent work has challenged the long-held assumption that appetite functions to maintain stable body mass and fat mass (FM), suggesting instead that appetite matches food intake to energy expenditure and its correlate, fat-free mass (FFM). ... ...

Abstract	Background: Recent work has challenged the long-held assumption that appetite functions to maintain stable body mass and fat mass (FM), suggesting instead that appetite matches food intake to energy expenditure and its correlate, fat-free mass (FFM). Whether this scenario applies to young infants, in chronic positive energy balance, remains unknown. Objectives: To test associations of components of energy expenditure and body composition with milk intake (MI) and energy intake (EI) in 12-week infants, by reanalyzing published cross-sectional data. Methods: Data were available for 48 infants. In addition to anthropometric measurements, we assessed MI and EI by test-weighing, sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) by indirect calorimetry, and FFM, FM, and total energy expenditure (TEE) by doubly labeled water. Mean parental height was calculated as a marker of infant growth drive. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were applied. Results: MI and EI correlated with FFM (r = 0.47 and 0.57, respectively; P < 0.01), but not FM (P > 0.6). MI and EI correlated with SMR (r = 0.42 and 0.53, respectively; P < 0.01) and TEE (r = 0.50 and 0.49, respectively; P < 0.01). SMR and TEE correlated with FFM (r = 0.41 and 0.42, respectively; P < 0.01), but not FM (P > 0.2). In a multiple regression analysis, MI was independently associated with TEE (partial r = 0.39) and FFM (partial r = 0.35). EI showed similar associations. Mean parental height was correlated with weight gain, MI, and EI. Conclusions: As in adults, MI and EI in young infants were strongly associated with FFM and with total and sleeping components of energy expenditure, but not with fatness. The infant's growth drive contributed to these associations. This suggests that appetite is regulated by the rate of energy expenditure, the size of energy-using tissues, and tissue deposition rate, and that the high levels of body fat characteristic of infants may not constrain weight gain.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Body Composition/physiology ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Milk ; Milk, Human
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	280048-2
ISSN	1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
ISSN (online)	1938-3207
ISSN	0002-9165
DOI	10.1093/ajcn/nqab067
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Article ; Online: Energy balance, body composition, sedentariness and appetite regulation: pathways to obesity.

Hopkins, Mark / Blundell, John E

Clinical science (London, England : 1979)

2016 Volume 130, Issue 18, Page(s) 1615–1628

Abstract: Energy balance is not a simple algebraic sum of energy expenditure and energy intake as often depicted in communications. Energy balance is a dynamic process and there exist reciprocal effects between food intake and energy expenditure. An important ... ...

Abstract	Energy balance is not a simple algebraic sum of energy expenditure and energy intake as often depicted in communications. Energy balance is a dynamic process and there exist reciprocal effects between food intake and energy expenditure. An important distinction is that of metabolic and behavioural components of energy expenditure. These components not only contribute to the energy budget directly, but also by influencing the energy intake side of the equation. It has recently been demonstrated that resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a potential driver of energy intake, and evidence is accumulating on the influence of physical activity (behavioural energy expenditure) on mechanisms of satiety and appetite control. These effects are associated with changes in leptin and insulin sensitivity, and in the plasma levels of gastrointestinal (GI) peptides such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK). The influence of fat-free mass on energy expenditure and as a driver of energy intake directs attention to molecules emanating from skeletal tissue as potential appetite signals. Sedentariness (physical inactivity) is positively associated with adiposity and is proposed to be a source of overconsumption and appetite dysregulation. The molecular signals underlying these effects are not known but represent a target for research.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Appetite Regulation ; Body Composition ; Energy Metabolism ; Ghrelin/metabolism ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism ; Humans ; Leptin/metabolism ; Obesity/metabolism ; Obesity/psychology
Chemical Substances	Ghrelin ; Leptin ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (89750-14-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-08-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	206835-7
ISSN	1470-8736 ; 0301-0538 ; 0009-0360 ; 0143-5221
ISSN (online)	1470-8736
ISSN	0301-0538 ; 0009-0360 ; 0143-5221
DOI	10.1042/CS20160006
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