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  1. Article ; Online: Isolation and Flow Cytometry Analysis of Intestinal Macrophages.

    Viola, Maria Francesca / Boeckxstaens, Guy

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2023  Volume 2713, Page(s) 183–197

    Abstract: The intestinal macrophage pool represents the largest population of macrophages present within the body. Nevertheless, flow cytometry analysis of intestinal macrophages remains challenging due to historical lack of consensus on surface markers, ... ...

    Abstract The intestinal macrophage pool represents the largest population of macrophages present within the body. Nevertheless, flow cytometry analysis of intestinal macrophages remains challenging due to historical lack of consensus on surface markers, variations in sample preparation, and a certain capriciousness of the isolation procedure itself. Furthermore, recent studies have uncovered a hitherto unknown heterogeneity of intestinal macrophages, accompanied by a vast increase of subset-identifying surface markers. Here, the isolation procedure for intestinal tissue for flow cytometry analysis is laid out, with particular attention toward the procedures for isolated intestinal layers, and a trouble-shooting section with strategies to avoid common pitfalls and mistakes.
    MeSH term(s) Flow Cytometry ; Consensus ; Intestines ; Macrophages ; Specimen Handling
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-3437-0_13
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  2. Article ; Online: Irritable bowel syndrome: treatment based on pathophysiology and biomarkers.

    Camilleri, Michael / Boeckxstaens, Guy

    Gut

    2022  Volume 72, Issue 3, Page(s) 590–599

    Abstract: Objective: To appraise the evidence that pathophysiological mechanisms and individualised treatment directed at those mechanisms provide an alternative approach to the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).: Design: A PubMED-based ...

    Abstract Objective: To appraise the evidence that pathophysiological mechanisms and individualised treatment directed at those mechanisms provide an alternative approach to the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
    Design: A PubMED-based literature review of mechanisms and treatment of IBS was conducted independently by the two authors, and any differences of perspective or interpretation of the literature were resolved following discussion.
    Results: The availability of several noninvasive clinical tests can appraise the mechanisms responsible for symptom generation in IBS, including rectal evacuation disorders, abnormal transit, visceral hypersensitivity or hypervigilance, bile acid diarrhoea, sugar intolerances, barrier dysfunction, the microbiome, immune activation and chemicals released by the latter mechanism. The basic molecular mechanisms contributing to these pathophysiologies are increasingly recognised, offering opportunities to intervene with medications directed specifically to food components, receptors and potentially the microbiome. Although the evidence supporting interventions for each mechanism is not at the same level of proof, the current state-of-the-art provides the opportunity to advance the practice from treatment based on symptoms to individualisation of treatment guided by pathophysiology and clinically identified biomarkers.
    Conclusion: These advances augur well for the implementation of evidence-based individualised treatment for patients with IBS based on actionable biomarkers or psychological disturbances.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Diarrhea ; Biomarkers
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80128-8
    ISSN 1468-3288 ; 0017-5749
    ISSN (online) 1468-3288
    ISSN 0017-5749
    DOI 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328515
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    Zs.A 160: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: Immune-mediated food reactions in irritable bowel syndrome.

    Hussein, Hind / Boeckxstaens, Guy E

    Current opinion in pharmacology

    2022  Volume 66, Page(s) 102285

    Abstract: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and an altered defecation pattern. Depending on the criteria used, it affects between 5 and 10% of the general population and has a ...

    Abstract Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and an altered defecation pattern. Depending on the criteria used, it affects between 5 and 10% of the general population and has a serious impact on quality of life. Most patients with IBS show an induction or exacerbation of their symptoms, particularly abdominal pain, after eating certain foods. This raises the question of the role played by food in IBS pathophysiology. In this review, we describe the multiple risk factors of IBS, and we give an overview of the role of food as a trigger of IBS, distinguishing between immune and non-immune reactions to food. We finally highlight recent findings identifying an immune-mediated mechanism underlying food-induced abdominal pain in IBS.
    MeSH term(s) Abdominal Pain/complications ; Chronic Disease ; Food/adverse effects ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Quality of Life
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2037057-X
    ISSN 1471-4973 ; 1471-4892
    ISSN (online) 1471-4973
    ISSN 1471-4892
    DOI 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102285
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    Zs.A 5608: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: Understanding neuroimmune interactions in disorders of gut-brain interaction: from functional to immune-mediated disorders.

    Vanuytsel, Tim / Bercik, Premysl / Boeckxstaens, Guy

    Gut

    2023  Volume 72, Issue 4, Page(s) 787–798

    Abstract: Functional gastrointestinal disorders-recently renamed into disorders of gut-brain interaction-such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia are highly prevalent conditions with bothersome abdominal symptoms in the absence of structural ... ...

    Abstract Functional gastrointestinal disorders-recently renamed into disorders of gut-brain interaction-such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia are highly prevalent conditions with bothersome abdominal symptoms in the absence of structural abnormalities. While traditionally considered as motility disorders or even psychosomatic conditions, our understanding of the pathophysiology has evolved significantly over the last two decades. Initial observations of subtle mucosal infiltration with immune cells, especially mast cells and eosinophils, are since recently being backed up by mechanistic evidence demonstrating increased release of nociceptive mediators by immune cells and the intestinal epithelium. These mediators can activate sensitised neurons leading to visceral hypersensitivity with bothersome symptoms. The interaction between immune activation and an impaired barrier function of the gut is most likely a bidirectional one with alterations in the microbiota, psychological stress and food components as upstream players in the pathophysiology. Only few immune-targeting treatments are currently available, but an improved understanding through a multidisciplinary scientific approach will hopefully identify novel, more precise treatment targets with ultimately better outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neuroimmunomodulation ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/etiology ; Brain ; Dyspepsia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80128-8
    ISSN 1468-3288 ; 0017-5749
    ISSN (online) 1468-3288
    ISSN 0017-5749
    DOI 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320633
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  5. Article ; Online: How pain sensors make the gut weep.

    Stakenborg, Nathalie / Xue, Yaping / Boeckxstaens, Guy

    Cell research

    2023  Volume 33, Issue 5, Page(s) 339–340

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1319303-x
    ISSN 1748-7838 ; 1001-0602
    ISSN (online) 1748-7838
    ISSN 1001-0602
    DOI 10.1038/s41422-022-00768-x
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    Zs.A 5283: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article: The Emerging Role of Mast Cells in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

    Boeckxstaens, Guy E

    Gastroenterology & hepatology

    2018  Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 250–252

    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2386402-3
    ISSN 1554-7914
    ISSN 1554-7914
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    Zs.A 6543: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 517: Show issues

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  7. Article ; Online: Bioelectronics in the brain-gut axis: focus on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

    Stakenborg, Nathalie / Boeckxstaens, Guy E

    International immunology

    2021  Volume 33, Issue 6, Page(s) 337–348

    Abstract: Accumulating evidence shows that intestinal homeostasis is mediated by cross-talk between the nervous system, enteric neurons and immune cells, together forming specialized neuroimmune units at distinct anatomical locations within the gut. In this review, ...

    Abstract Accumulating evidence shows that intestinal homeostasis is mediated by cross-talk between the nervous system, enteric neurons and immune cells, together forming specialized neuroimmune units at distinct anatomical locations within the gut. In this review, we will particularly discuss how the intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal circuitry regulates macrophage function and phenotype in the gut during homeostasis and aberrant inflammation, such as observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Furthermore, we will provide an overview of basic and translational IBD research using these neuronal circuits as a novel therapeutic tool. Finally, we will highlight the different challenges ahead to make bioelectronic neuromodulation a standard treatment for intestinal immune-mediated diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain-Gut Axis/immunology ; Homeostasis/immunology ; Humans ; Inflammation/immunology ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology ; Neurons/immunology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1013745-2
    ISSN 1460-2377 ; 0953-8178
    ISSN (online) 1460-2377
    ISSN 0953-8178
    DOI 10.1093/intimm/dxab014
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    Zs.A 2619: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Muscularis macrophages: trained guardians of enteric neurons.

    Viola, Maria Francesca / Boeckxstaens, Guy

    Cell research

    2021  Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 229–230

    MeSH term(s) Macrophages ; Neurons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1319303-x
    ISSN 1748-7838 ; 1001-0602
    ISSN (online) 1748-7838
    ISSN 1001-0602
    DOI 10.1038/s41422-021-00602-w
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    Zs.A 5283: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Shining light on the neuro-immune axis in the gut.

    Stakenborg, Nathalie / Boeckxstaens, Guy E

    Immunity

    2021  Volume 54, Issue 5, Page(s) 850–852

    Abstract: In this issue of Immunity, Schiller et al. report that local sympathetic nerve activation decreases endothelial expression of the adhesion molecule MAdCAM-1, reducing immune cell infiltration and colitis-induced inflammation. These findings suggest that ... ...

    Abstract In this issue of Immunity, Schiller et al. report that local sympathetic nerve activation decreases endothelial expression of the adhesion molecule MAdCAM-1, reducing immune cell infiltration and colitis-induced inflammation. These findings suggest that local sympathetic stimulation provides a key gateway for regulating organ homeostasis.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Colitis ; Endothelium ; Humans ; Mucoproteins ; Neuroimmunomodulation
    Chemical Substances Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Mucoproteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1217235-2
    ISSN 1097-4180 ; 1074-7613
    ISSN (online) 1097-4180
    ISSN 1074-7613
    DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.016
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  10. Article: Inhibition of Serine Proteases as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Abdominal Pain in IBS.

    Decraecker, Lisse / Boeckxstaens, Guy / Denadai-Souza, Alexandre

    Frontiers in physiology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 880422

    Abstract: Serine proteases are heavily present in the gastrointestinal tract where they are essential in numerous physiological processes. An imbalance in the proteolytic activity is a central mechanism underlying abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). ... ...

    Abstract Serine proteases are heavily present in the gastrointestinal tract where they are essential in numerous physiological processes. An imbalance in the proteolytic activity is a central mechanism underlying abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, protease inhibitors are emerging as a promising therapeutic tool to manage abdominal pain in this functional gastrointestinal disorder. With this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the implications of serine proteases in the development of abdominal pain in IBS, along with a critical assessment of the current developments and prospects of protease inhibitors as a therapeutic tool. In particular, we highlight the current knowledge gap concerning the identity of dysregulated serine proteases that are released by the rectal mucosa of IBS patients. Finally, we suggest a workflow with state-of-the-art techniques that will help address the knowledge gap, guiding future research towards the development of more effective and selective protease inhibitors to manage abdominal pain in IBS.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2564217-0
    ISSN 1664-042X
    ISSN 1664-042X
    DOI 10.3389/fphys.2022.880422
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