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  1. Article: The Development of a Standardized Quality Assessment Material to Support Xpert

    Noble, Lara Dominique / Scott, Lesley Erica / Bongwe, Asiashu / Da Silva, Pedro / Stevens, Wendy Susan

    Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 2

    Abstract: The tiered laboratory framework for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load monitoring accommodates a range of HIV viral load testing platforms, with quality assessment critical to ensure quality patient testing. HIV plasma viral load testing is ... ...

    Abstract The tiered laboratory framework for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load monitoring accommodates a range of HIV viral load testing platforms, with quality assessment critical to ensure quality patient testing. HIV plasma viral load testing is challenged by the instability of viral RNA. An approach using an RNA stabilizing buffer is described for the Xpert
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662336-5
    ISSN 2075-4418
    ISSN 2075-4418
    DOI 10.3390/diagnostics11020160
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: HIV-1 viraemia and drug resistance amongst female sex workers in Soweto, South Africa: A cross sectional study.

    Coetzee, Jenny / Hunt, Gillian / Jaffer, Maya / Otwombe, Kennedy / Scott, Lesley / Bongwe, Asiashu / Ledwaba, Johanna / Molema, Sephonono / Jewkes, Rachel / Gray, Glenda E

    PloS one

    2017  Volume 12, Issue 12, Page(s) e0188606

    Abstract: Background: HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) poses a threat to future antiretroviral therapy success. Monitoring HIVDR patterns is of particular importance in populations such as sex workers (SWs), where documented HIV prevalence is between 34-89%, and in ... ...

    Abstract Background: HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) poses a threat to future antiretroviral therapy success. Monitoring HIVDR patterns is of particular importance in populations such as sex workers (SWs), where documented HIV prevalence is between 34-89%, and in countries with limited therapeutic options. Currently in South Africa, there is a dearth in evidence and no ongoing surveillance of HIVDR amongst sex work populations. This study aims to describe the prevalence of HIVDR amongst a sample of female sex workers (FSWs) from Soweto, South Africa.
    Methodology: A cross-sectional, respondent driven sampling (RDS) recruitment methodology was used to enrol FSWs based in Soweto. Participants were tested for HIV and undertook a survey that included HIV knowledge and treatment status. Whole blood specimens were collected from HIV positive FSWs to measure for CD4 counts, viral load (VL) and perform HIVDR genotyping. Frequencies were determined for categorical variables and medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) for the continuous.
    Results: Of the 508 enrolled participants, 55% (n = 280) were HIV positive and of median age 32 (IQR: 20-51) years. Among the HIV positive, 51.8% (132/269) were defined as virologically suppressed (VL < 400 copies/ml). Of the 119 individuals with unsuppressed viral loads who were successfully genotyped for resistance testing 37.8% (45/119) had detectable drug resistance. In this group, HIVDR mutations were found amongst 73.7% (14/19) of individuals on treatment, 27.4% (26/95) of individuals who were treatment naïve, and 100% (5/5) of defaulters. One phylogenetic cluster was found amongst treatment naïve FSWs. The K103N mutation was detected most commonly in 68.9% (31/45) individuals with HIVDR mutations, with 20/26 (76.9%) of treatment naïve FSW with detectable resistance having this mutation. The M184V mutation was found in both FSWs on treatment (12/14, 85.7%) and those defaulting (1/5, 20.0%).
    Discussion: More than one third (45/119) of the genotyped sample had HIVDR, with resistance to the NNRTI class being the most common. Almost half of HIV positive FSWs had unsuppressed viral loads, increasing the likelihood for onward transmission of HIV. Disturbingly, more than 1:4 treatment naïve women with unsuppressed viral loads had HIVDR suggesting that possible sexual transmission of drug resistance is occurring in this high-risk population. Given the high burden of HIVDR in a population with a high background prevalence of HIV, it is imperative that routine monitoring of HIVDR be implemented. Understanding transmission dynamics of HIVDR in FSW and its impact on treatment success should be urgently elucidated.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/transmission ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/classification ; HIV-1/genetics ; HIV-1/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Phylogeny ; Prevalence ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Sex Workers ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Viral Load ; Viremia
    Chemical Substances Anti-HIV Agents ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0188606
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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