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Article: Liquid Chromatography coupled to Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (LC-IRMS): A review

Perini, Matteo / Bontempo, Luana

Trends in analytical chemistry. 2022 Feb., v. 147

2022

Abstract: An accurate analysis of the composition of stable isotopes is today an increasingly important requirement in various fields of science (from the environmental to the medical field). Since 2004, the year of its introduction on the market, Liquid ... ...

Abstract	An accurate analysis of the composition of stable isotopes is today an increasingly important requirement in various fields of science (from the environmental to the medical field). Since 2004, the year of its introduction on the market, Liquid Chromatography coupled with Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (LC-IRMS) has expanded the applications possible with the most famous and widespread Elemental Analyzer (EA) and Gas Chromatography Combustion (GC-C)-IRMS techniques. The new liquid chromatography interface coupled with IRMS opened to new application areas, in particular by enabling compound-specific δ¹³C analysis of non-volatile, water-soluble compounds from complex mixtures. The advantages of the technique include the possibility of performing a compound-specific analysis without altering isotopic signatures by derivatization. Applications in paleoarchaeology, nutrition and trophic, pediatrics, soil science and food authenticity are examined here by reporting on the progress and technical constraints.
Keywords	analytical chemistry ; combustion ; derivatization ; gas chromatography ; liquid chromatography ; markets ; mass spectrometry ; nutrition ; pediatrics ; product authenticity ; soil science ; water solubility
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-02
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2014041-1
ISSN	0165-9936
ISSN	0165-9936
DOI	10.1016/j.trac.2021.116515
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: 1

Maestrello, Valentina / Solovyev, Pavel / Franceschi, Pietro / Stroppa, Angelo / Bontempo, Luana

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 13, Issue 3

Abstract: Protected Designation of Origin cheeses are products with high-quality standards that can claim higher prices on the market. For this reason, non-PDO cheeses with lower quality can be mislabeled as PDO or mixed with it for economic gain especially when ... ...

Abstract	Protected Designation of Origin cheeses are products with high-quality standards that can claim higher prices on the market. For this reason, non-PDO cheeses with lower quality can be mislabeled as PDO or mixed with it for economic gain especially when the product is in a shredded form. Luckily, the production of PDO cheese is subjected to strict procedural specification rules that result in a product with a defined profile of its metabolites, which can be used for authentication purposes. In this study, an NMR metabolomic approach combined with multivariate analysis was implemented to build a classification model able to discriminate PDO Grana Padano cheese from a large dataset of competitors. The great advantage of the proposed approach is a simple sample preparation, obtaining a holistic overview of the analyzed samples. The untargeted approach highlighted a "typical profile" of Grana Padano samples, which could be used for protection purposes. In parallel, the targeted results allowed us to identify potential chemicals, such as lactate, some amino acids and lipids. These initial results could open the road to a potential new additional tool to check the authenticity of PDO cheeses in the future.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods13030358
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Innovative Tools for the Nitrogen Fertilization Traceability of Organic Farming Products

Fabroni, Simona / Bontempo, Luana / Campanelli, Gabriele / Canali, Stefano / Montemurro, Francesco

Horticulturae. 2023 June 20, v. 9, no. 6

2023

Abstract: In the last decades, consumers have become increasingly interested in organic products, and they strongly demand reliability in the traceability of the organic products they buy and eat. Several research methods have been developed in the last decades to ...

Abstract	In the last decades, consumers have become increasingly interested in organic products, and they strongly demand reliability in the traceability of the organic products they buy and eat. Several research methods have been developed in the last decades to study inexperienced and reliable systems and to assess the authenticity of products obtained using organic cultivation practices. The monitoring of some chemical compounds, originating from primary and/or secondary metabolism, in horticultural organic and conventional products has shown the diversity generated using the two production approaches. The difference in fertilization practices has been also shown to have an effect on the isotopic distribution of some elements, with particular reference to nitrogen. An integrated system is proposed to evaluate the validity of organic goods using collected isotopic data and other chemical and biological parameters. This approach is intended to be coupled to the application of chemometric multivariate analysis on quality and nutraceutical parameters combined with isotopic data. Indeed, this will give the opportunity to discriminate organic from conventional products based on different isotopic signatures, due to the different nitrogenous sources, combined with the qualitative profile of the crops, which are significantly affected by the different agronomic treatments. The main perspectives of the presented integrated approach, based on the combined use of chemometric and analytical tools, are linked to the feasibility of applying a reliable system for traceability. This will authenticate productions obtained using organic fertilizers (organic agriculture) with respect to those obtained with the use of synthetic fertilizers (conventional agriculture), protect and valorize virtuous farmers and support political stakeholders and decision-makers to counteract food fraud.
Keywords	chemometrics ; decision making ; dietary supplements ; food fraud ; horticulture ; metabolism ; multivariate analysis ; nitrogen ; organic production ; politics ; stakeholders ; traceability
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0620
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2813983-5
ISSN	2311-7524
ISSN	2311-7524
DOI	10.3390/horticulturae9060723
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Determining the Authenticity of Spirulina Dietary Supplements Based on Stable Isotope and Elemental Composition

Rutar, Jasmina Masten / Strojnik, Lidija / Nečemer, Marijan / Bontempo, Luana / Ogrinc, Nives

Foods. 2023 Jan. 27, v. 12, no. 3

2023

Abstract: While the demand for Spirulina dietary supplements continues to grow, product inspection in terms of authenticity and safety remains limited. This study used the stable isotope ratios of light elements (C, N, S, H, and O) and the elemental composition to ...

Abstract	While the demand for Spirulina dietary supplements continues to grow, product inspection in terms of authenticity and safety remains limited. This study used the stable isotope ratios of light elements (C, N, S, H, and O) and the elemental composition to characterize Spirulina dietary supplements available on the Slovenian market. Forty-six samples were labelled as originating from the EU (1), non-EU (6), Hawaii (2), Italy (2), Japan (1), Portugal (2), Taiwan (3), India (4), and China (16), and nine products were without a declared origin. Stable isotope ratio median values were –23.9‰ (–26.0 to –21.8‰) for δ¹³C, 4.80‰ (1.30–8.02‰) for δ¹⁵N, 11.0‰ (6.79–12.7‰) for δ³⁴S, –173‰ (– 190 to –158‰) for δ²H, and 17.2‰ (15.8–18.8‰) for δ¹⁸O. Multivariate statistical analyses achieved a reliable differentiation of Hawaiian, Italian, and Portuguese (100%) samples and a good separation of Chinese samples, while the separation of Indian and Taiwanese samples was less successful, but still notable. The study showed that differences in isotopic and elemental composition are indicative of sample origins, cultivation and processing methods, and environmental conditions such that, when combined, they provide a promising tool for determining the authenticity of Spirulina products.
Keywords	Hawaii ; Japan ; Spirulina ; elemental composition ; markets ; stable isotopes ; China ; India ; Italy ; Portugal ; Taiwan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0127
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods12030562
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Nitrogen control of transpiration in grapevine

Faralli, Michele / Bianchedi, Pier Luigi / Moser, Claudio / Bontempo, Luana / Bertamini, Massimo

Physiologia Plantarum. 2023 Mar., v. 175, no. 2 p.e13906-

2023

Abstract: Transpiration per unit of leaf area is the end‐product of the root‐to‐leaf water transport within the plant, and it is regulated by a series of morpho‐physiological resistances and hierarchical signals. The rate of water transpired sustains a series of ... ...

Abstract	Transpiration per unit of leaf area is the end‐product of the root‐to‐leaf water transport within the plant, and it is regulated by a series of morpho‐physiological resistances and hierarchical signals. The rate of water transpired sustains a series of processes such as nutrient absorption and leaf evaporative cooling, with stomata being the end‐valves that maintain the optimal water loss under specific degrees of evaporative demand and soil moisture conditions. Previous work provided evidence of a partial modulation of water flux following nitrogen availability linking high nitrate availability with tight stomatal control of transpiration in several species. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that stomatal control of transpiration, among others signals, is partially modulated by soil nitrate (NO3−) availability in grapevine, with reduced NO3− availability (alkaline soil pH, reduced fertilization, and distancing NO3− source) associated with decreased water‐use efficiency and higher transpiration. We observed a general trend when NO3− was limiting with plants increasing either stomatal conductance or root‐shoot ratio in four independent experiments with strong associations between leaf water status, stomatal behavior, root aquaporins expression, and xylem sap pH. Carbon and oxygen isotopic signatures confirm the proximal measurements, suggesting the robustness of the signal that persists over weeks and under different gradients of NO3− availability and leaf nitrogen content. Nighttime stomatal conductance was unaffected by NO3− manipulation treatments, while application of high vapor pressure deficit conditions nullifies the differences between treatments. Genotypic variation for transpiration increase under limited NO3− availability was observed between rootstocks indicating that breeding (e.g., for high soil pH tolerance) unintentionally selected for enhanced mass flow nutrient acquisition under restrictive or nutrient‐buffered conditions. We provide evidence of a series of specific traits modulated by NO3− availability and suggest that NO3− fertilization is a potential candidate for optimizing grapevine water‐use efficiency and root exploration under the climate‐change scenario.
Keywords	Vitis ; alkaline soils ; aquaporins ; carbon ; climate change ; cooling ; evaporative demand ; genetic variation ; leaf area ; leaf nitrogen content ; leaves ; mass flow ; nitrates ; nitrogen ; nutrient uptake ; oxygen ; root shoot ratio ; sap ; soil pH ; soil water ; stomatal conductance ; stomatal movement ; vapor pressure deficit ; water use efficiency ; xylem
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2020837-6
ISSN	1399-3054 ; 0031-9317
ISSN (online)	1399-3054
ISSN	0031-9317
DOI	10.1111/ppl.13906
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in extra virgin olive oil authentication.

Maestrello, Valentina / Solovyev, Pavel / Bontempo, Luana / Mannina, Luisa / Camin, Federica

Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety

2022 Volume 21, Issue 5, Page(s) 4056–4075

Abstract: Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a high-quality product that has become one of the stars in the food fraud context in recent years. EVOO can encounter different types of fraud, from adulteration with cheaper oils to mislabeling, and for this reason, the ... ...

Abstract	Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a high-quality product that has become one of the stars in the food fraud context in recent years. EVOO can encounter different types of fraud, from adulteration with cheaper oils to mislabeling, and for this reason, the assessment of its authenticity and traceability can be challenging. There are several officially recognized analytical methods for its authentication, but they are not able to unambiguously trace the geographical and botanical origin of EVOOs. The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to EVOO is reviewed here as a reliable and rapid tool to verify different aspects of its adulteration, such as undeclared blends with cheaper oils and cultivar and geographical origin mislabeling. This technique makes it possible to use both targeted and untargeted approaches and to determine the olive oil metabolomic profile and the quantification of its constituents.
MeSH term(s)	Fraud ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Metabolomics ; Olive Oil/analysis ; Olive Oil/chemistry ; Plant Oils
Chemical Substances	Olive Oil ; Plant Oils
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2185829-9
ISSN	1541-4337 ; 1541-4337
ISSN (online)	1541-4337
ISSN	1541-4337
DOI	10.1111/1541-4337.13005
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Determination of Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins in Organic and Conventional Gluten-Free Flours by LC-MS/MS.

Giannioti, Zoe / Albero, Beatriz / Hernando, María Dolores / Bontempo, Luana / Pérez, Rosa Ana

Toxins

2023 Volume 15, Issue 2

Abstract: Gluten-free cereal products have grown in popularity in recent years as they are perceived as "healthier" alternatives and can be safely consumed by celiac patients, and people with gluten intolerance or wheat allergies. Molds that produce mycotoxins ... ...

Abstract	Gluten-free cereal products have grown in popularity in recent years as they are perceived as "healthier" alternatives and can be safely consumed by celiac patients, and people with gluten intolerance or wheat allergies. Molds that produce mycotoxins contaminate cereal crops, posing a threat to global food security. Maximum levels have been set for certain mycotoxins in cereal flours; however, little is known about the levels of emerging mycotoxins in these flours. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient, sensitive, and selective method for the detection of four emerging (beauvericin and enniatins A1, B, and B1) and three regulated (aflatoxin B1, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol) mycotoxins in gluten-free flours. Ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion was used in the extraction of these mycotoxins from flour samples. The validated method was utilized for the LC-MS/MS analysis of conventional and organic wholegrain oat and rice flours. Six of the seven target mycotoxins were detected in these samples. Multi-mycotoxin contamination was found in all flour types, particularly in conventional wholegrain oat flour. Despite the low detection frequency in rice flour, one sample was found to contain zearalenone at a concentration of 83.2 μg/kg, which was higher than the level set by the European Commission for cereal flours. The emerging mycotoxins had the highest detection frequencies; enniatin B was present in 53% of the samples at a maximum concentration of 56 μg/kg, followed by enniatin B1 and beauvericin, which were detected in 46% of the samples, and at levels reaching 21 μg/kg and 10 μg/kg, respectively. These results highlight the need to improve the current knowledge and regulations on the presence of mycotoxins, particularly emerging ones, in gluten-free flours and cereal-based products.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mycotoxins/analysis ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Flour/analysis ; Zearalenone/analysis ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Edible Grain/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Mycotoxins ; Zearalenone (5W827M159J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2518395-3
ISSN	2072-6651 ; 2072-6651
ISSN (online)	2072-6651
ISSN	2072-6651
DOI	10.3390/toxins15020155
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Determining the Authenticity of

Rutar, Jasmina Masten / Strojnik, Lidija / Nečemer, Marijan / Bontempo, Luana / Ogrinc, Nives

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 3

Abstract: While the demand ... ...

Abstract	While the demand for
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods12030562
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Isotopic, mycotoxin, and pesticide analysis for organic authentication along the production chain of wheat-derived products.

Giannioti, Zoe / Suman, Michele / Roncone, Alberto / Rollo, Eleonora / Tonidandel, Loris / Barbero, Alice / Catellani, Dante / Larcher, Roberto / Bontempo, Luana

Food chemistry

2024 Volume 452, Page(s) 139519

Abstract: Wheat-based products are staples in diets worldwide. Organic food frauds continuously threaten consumer trust in the agri-food system. A multi-method approach was conducted for the organic authentication and safety assessment of pasta and bakery products ...

Abstract	Wheat-based products are staples in diets worldwide. Organic food frauds continuously threaten consumer trust in the agri-food system. A multi-method approach was conducted for the organic authentication and safety assessment of pasta and bakery products along their production chain. Bulk and Compound-Specific (CS) Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) suggested the δ
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139519
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Nitrogen control of transpiration in grapevine.

Faralli, Michele / Bianchedi, Pier Luigi / Moser, Claudio / Bontempo, Luana / Bertamini, Massimo

Physiologia plantarum

2023 Volume 175, Issue 2, Page(s) e13906

Abstract: Transpiration per unit of leaf area is the end-product of the root-to-leaf water transport within the plant, and it is regulated by a series of morpho-physiological resistances and hierarchical signals. The rate of water transpired sustains a series of ... ...

Abstract	Transpiration per unit of leaf area is the end-product of the root-to-leaf water transport within the plant, and it is regulated by a series of morpho-physiological resistances and hierarchical signals. The rate of water transpired sustains a series of processes such as nutrient absorption and leaf evaporative cooling, with stomata being the end-valves that maintain the optimal water loss under specific degrees of evaporative demand and soil moisture conditions. Previous work provided evidence of a partial modulation of water flux following nitrogen availability linking high nitrate availability with tight stomatal control of transpiration in several species. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that stomatal control of transpiration, among others signals, is partially modulated by soil nitrate (
MeSH term(s)	Nitrogen ; Plant Transpiration/physiology ; Nitrates ; Water/metabolism ; Soil ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Plant Stomata/physiology
Chemical Substances	Nitrogen (N762921K75) ; Nitrates ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-27
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2020837-6
ISSN	1399-3054 ; 0031-9317
ISSN (online)	1399-3054
ISSN	0031-9317
DOI	10.1111/ppl.13906
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