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Article ; Online: Preparing Acute Brain Slices from the Dorsal Pole of the Hippocampus from Adult Rodents.

Booker, Sam A

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

2020 , Issue 163

Abstract: Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from acute rodent brain slices are a mainstay of modern neurophysiological research, allowing precise measurement of cellular and synaptic properties. Nevertheless, there is an ever increasing need to perform correlated ... ...

Abstract	Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from acute rodent brain slices are a mainstay of modern neurophysiological research, allowing precise measurement of cellular and synaptic properties. Nevertheless, there is an ever increasing need to perform correlated analyses between different experimental modes in addition to slice electrophysiology, for example: immunohistochemistry, molecular biology, in vivo imaging or electrophysiological recording; to answer evermore complex questions of brain function. However, making meaningful conclusions from these various experimental approaches is not straightforward, as even within relatively well described brain structures, a high degree of sub-regional variation of cellular function exists. Nowhere is this better exemplified than in the CA1 of the hippocampus, which has well-defined dorso-ventral properties, based on cellular and molecular properties. Nevertheless, many published studies examine protein expression patterns or behaviorally correlated in vivo activity in the dorsal extent of the hippocampus; and explain findings mechanistically with cellular electrophysiology from the ventro-medial region. This is further confounded by the fact that many acute slice electrophysiological experiments are performed in juvenile animals, when other experimental modes are performed in more mature animals. To address these issues, this method incorporates transcardial perfusion of mature (>60 day old rodents) with artificial cerebrospinal fluid followed by preparation of modified coronal slices including the septal pole of the dorsal hippocampus to record from CA1 pyramidal cells. This process leads to the generation of healthy acute slices of dorsal hippocampus allowing for slice-based cellular electrophysiological interrogation matched to other measures.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/physiology ; Electrodes ; In Vitro Techniques ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Rodentia
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media
ZDB-ID	2259946-0
ISSN	1940-087X ; 1940-087X
ISSN (online)	1940-087X
ISSN	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/61699
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Article ; Online: Mechanisms regulating input-output function and plasticity of neurons in the absence of FMRP.

Booker, Sam A / Kind, Peter C

Brain research bulletin

2021 Volume 175, Page(s) 69–80

Abstract: The function of brain circuits relies on high-fidelity information transfer within neurons. Synaptic inputs arrive primarily at dendrites, where they undergo integration and summation throughout the somatodendritic domain, ultimately leading to the ... ...

Abstract	The function of brain circuits relies on high-fidelity information transfer within neurons. Synaptic inputs arrive primarily at dendrites, where they undergo integration and summation throughout the somatodendritic domain, ultimately leading to the generation of precise patterns of action potentials. Emerging evidence suggests that the ability of neurons to transfer synaptic information and modulate their output is impaired in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders including Fragile X Syndrome. In this review we summarise recent findings that have revealed the pathophysiological and plasticity mechanisms that alter the ability of neurons in sensory and limbic circuits to reliably code information in the absence of FMRP. We examine which aspects of this transform may result directly from the loss of FMRP and those that a result from compensatory or homeostatic alterations to neuronal function. Dissection of the mechanisms leading to altered input-output function of neurons in the absence of FMRP and their effects on regulating neuronal plasticity throughout development could have important implications for potential therapies for Fragile X Syndrome, including directing the timing and duration of different treatment options.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/genetics ; Fragile X Syndrome/genetics ; Fragile X Syndrome/pathology ; Humans ; Neuronal Plasticity/genetics ; Neurons/pathology ; Neurons/physiology
Chemical Substances	FMR1 protein, human ; Fmr1 protein, mouse ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (139135-51-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	197620-5
ISSN	1873-2747 ; 0361-9230
ISSN (online)	1873-2747
ISSN	0361-9230
DOI	10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.06.025
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Article ; Online: Laboratory Automated Interrogation of Data: an interactive web application for visualization of multilevel data from biological experiments.

Dando, Owen R / Kozic, Zrinko / Booker, Sam A / Hardingham, Giles E / Kind, Peter C

Brain communications

2024 Volume 6, Issue 2, Page(s) fcae074

Abstract: A key step in understanding the results of biological experiments is visualization of the data. Many laboratory experiments contain a range of measurements that exist within a hierarchy of interdependence. An automated and facile way to visualize and ... ...

Abstract	A key step in understanding the results of biological experiments is visualization of the data. Many laboratory experiments contain a range of measurements that exist within a hierarchy of interdependence. An automated and facile way to visualize and interrogate such multilevel data, across many experimental variables, would (i) lead to improved understanding of the results, (ii) help to avoid misleading interpretation of statistics and (iii) easily identify outliers and sources of batch and confounding effects. While many excellent graphing solutions already exist, they are often geared towards the production of publication-ready plots and the analysis of a single variable at a time, require programming expertise or are unnecessarily complex for the task at hand. Here, we present Laboratory Automated Interrogation of Data (LAB-AID), an interactive tool specifically designed to automatically visualize and query hierarchical data resulting from biological experiments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2632-1297
ISSN (online)	2632-1297
DOI	10.1093/braincomms/fcae074
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Article ; Online: Correction to: Morphological diversity and connectivity of hippocampal interneurons.

Booker, Sam A / Vida, Imre

Cell and tissue research

2019 Volume 376, Issue 3, Page(s) 485–486

Abstract: The original version of this article inadvertently presented a mistake regarding the termination zones of entorhinal cotex in the dentate gyrus. The termination zones were erroneously swapped in both Figure 7. and the associated text. ...

Abstract	The original version of this article inadvertently presented a mistake regarding the termination zones of entorhinal cotex in the dentate gyrus. The termination zones were erroneously swapped in both Figure 7. and the associated text.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-03
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	125067-x
ISSN	1432-0878 ; 0302-766X
ISSN (online)	1432-0878
ISSN	0302-766X
DOI	10.1007/s00441-019-03014-w
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Article ; Online: Repeated whole-cell patch-clamp recording from CA1 pyramidal cells in rodent hippocampal slices followed by axon initial segment labeling.

Oliveira, Laura S / Sumera, Anna / Booker, Sam A

STAR protocols

2021 Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) 100336

Abstract: This protocol allows repeated whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from individual rodent CA1 hippocampal neurons, followed by immunohistological labeling of the axon initial segment. This overcomes the need to maintain whole-cell recordings over the ... ...

Abstract	This protocol allows repeated whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from individual rodent CA1 hippocampal neurons, followed by immunohistological labeling of the axon initial segment. This overcomes the need to maintain whole-cell recordings over the timescales required for homeostatic modification to cellular excitability, allowing for correlative analysis of the structure and function of neurons. Moreover, this protocol allows for paired analysis of physiological properties assessed before and after pharmacological treatment, thus providing increased statistical power, despite the relatively low-throughput nature of the recordings. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Booker et al. (2020a).
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Axon Initial Segment/metabolism ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/cytology ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/cytology ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2666-1667
ISSN (online)	2666-1667
DOI	10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100336
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Article ; Online: NMDA receptor function in inhibitory neurons.

Booker, Sam A / Wyllie, David J A

Neuropharmacology

2021 Volume 196, Page(s) 108609

Abstract: N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are present in the majority of brain circuits and play a key role in synaptic information transfer and synaptic plasticity. A key element of many brain circuits are inhibitory GABAergic interneurons that in ... ...

Abstract	N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are present in the majority of brain circuits and play a key role in synaptic information transfer and synaptic plasticity. A key element of many brain circuits are inhibitory GABAergic interneurons that in themselves show diverse and cell-type-specific NMDAR expression and function. Indeed, NMDARs located on interneurons control cellular excitation in a synapse-type specific manner which leads to divergent dendritic integration properties amongst the plethora of interneuron subtypes known to exist. In this review, we explore the documented diversity of NMDAR subunit expression in identified subpopulations of interneurons and assess the NMDAR subtype-specific control of their function. We also highlight where knowledge still needs to be obtained, if a full appreciation is to be gained of roles played by NMDARs in controlling GABAergic modulation of synaptic and circuit function. This article is part of the 'Special Issue on Glutamate Receptors - NMDA receptors'.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; GABAergic Neurons/metabolism ; GABAergic Neurons/physiology ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Interneurons/physiology ; Neural Inhibition/physiology ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurons/physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology
Chemical Substances	Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	218272-5
ISSN	1873-7064 ; 0028-3908
ISSN (online)	1873-7064
ISSN	0028-3908
DOI	10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108609
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Article ; Online: Interneuron diversity in the rat dentate gyrus: An unbiased in vitro classification.

Degro, Claudius E / Bolduan, Felix / Vida, Imre / Booker, Sam A

Hippocampus

2022 Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) 310–331

Abstract: Information processing in cortical circuits, including the hippocampus, relies on the dynamic control of neuronal activity by GABAergic interneurons (INs). INs form a heterogenous population with defined types displaying distinct morphological, molecular, ...

Abstract	Information processing in cortical circuits, including the hippocampus, relies on the dynamic control of neuronal activity by GABAergic interneurons (INs). INs form a heterogenous population with defined types displaying distinct morphological, molecular, and physiological characteristics. In the major input region of the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus (DG), a number of IN types have been described which provide synaptic inhibition to distinct compartments of excitatory principal cells (PrCs) and other INs. In this study, we perform an unbiased classification of GABAergic INs in the DG by combining in vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, intracellular labeling, morphological analysis, and unsupervised cluster analysis to better define IN type diversity in this region. This analysis reveals that DG INs divide into at least 13 distinct morpho-physiological types which reflect the complexity of the local IN network and serve as a basis for further network analyses.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dentate Gyrus/physiology ; Hippocampus ; Interneurons/physiology ; Neurons ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1074352-2
ISSN	1098-1063 ; 1050-9631
ISSN (online)	1098-1063
ISSN	1050-9631
DOI	10.1002/hipo.23408
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Article ; Online: Current Best Practices for Analysis of Dendritic Spine Morphology and Number in Neurodevelopmental Disorder Research.

Li, Ben-Zheng / Sumera, Anna / Booker, Sam A / McCullagh, Elizabeth A

ACS chemical neuroscience

2023 Volume 14, Issue 9, Page(s) 1561–1572

Abstract: Quantitative methods for assessing neural anatomy have rapidly evolved in neuroscience and provide important insights into brain health and function. However, as new techniques develop, it is not always clear when and how each may be used to answer ... ...

Abstract	Quantitative methods for assessing neural anatomy have rapidly evolved in neuroscience and provide important insights into brain health and function. However, as new techniques develop, it is not always clear when and how each may be used to answer specific scientific questions posed. Dendritic spines, which are often indicative of synapse formation and neural plasticity, have been implicated across many brain regions in neurodevelopmental disorders as a marker for neural changes reflecting neural dysfunction or alterations. In this Perspective we highlight several techniques for staining, imaging, and quantifying dendritic spines as well as provide a framework for avoiding potential issues related to pseudoreplication. This framework illustrates how others may apply the most rigorous approaches. We consider the cost-benefit analysis of the varied techniques, recognizing that the most sophisticated equipment may not always be necessary for answering some research questions. Together, we hope this piece will help researchers determine the best strategy toward using the ever-growing number of techniques available to determine neural changes underlying dendritic spine morphology in health and neurodevelopmental disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Dendritic Spines ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Brain
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1948-7193
ISSN (online)	1948-7193
DOI	10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00062
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Article: Correction to: Morphological diversity and connectivity of hippocampal interneurons

Booker, Sam A / Vida, Imre

Cell and tissue research. 2019 June, v. 376, no. 3

2019

Abstract	The original version of this article inadvertently presented a mistake regarding the termination zones of entorhinal cotex in the dentate gyrus. The termination zones were erroneously swapped in both Figure 7. and the associated text.
Keywords	hippocampus ; histology ; interneurons ; neurophysiology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-06
Size	p. 485-486.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
Note	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	125067-x
ISSN	1432-0878 ; 0302-766X
ISSN (online)	1432-0878
ISSN	0302-766X
DOI	10.1007/s00441-019-03014-w
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Article ; Online: Morphological diversity and connectivity of hippocampal interneurons.

Booker, Sam A / Vida, Imre

Cell and tissue research

2018 Volume 373, Issue 3, Page(s) 619–641

Abstract: The mammalian forebrain is constructed from ensembles of neurons that form local microcircuits giving rise to the exquisite cognitive tasks the mammalian brain can perform. Hippocampal neuronal circuits comprise populations of relatively homogenous ... ...

Abstract	The mammalian forebrain is constructed from ensembles of neurons that form local microcircuits giving rise to the exquisite cognitive tasks the mammalian brain can perform. Hippocampal neuronal circuits comprise populations of relatively homogenous excitatory neurons, principal cells and exceedingly heterogeneous inhibitory neurons, the interneurons. Interneurons release GABA from their axon terminals and are capable of controlling excitability in every cellular compartment of principal cells and interneurons alike; thus, they provide a brake on excess activity, control the timing of neuronal discharge and provide modulation of synaptic transmission. The dendritic and axonal morphology of interneurons, as well as their afferent and efferent connections within hippocampal circuits, is central to their ability to differentially control excitability, in a cell-type- and compartment-specific manner. This review aims to provide an up-to-date compendium of described hippocampal interneuron subtypes, with respect to their morphology, connectivity, neurochemistry and physiology, a full understanding of which will in time help to explain the rich diversity of neuronal function.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cortical Excitability ; Dendrites/chemistry ; Dendrites/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Interneurons/cytology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Presynaptic Terminals/chemistry ; Presynaptic Terminals/metabolism ; Rats ; Synapses/chemistry ; Synapses/metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Glutamic Acid (3KX376GY7L) ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (56-12-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-06
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	125067-x
ISSN	1432-0878 ; 0302-766X
ISSN (online)	1432-0878
ISSN	0302-766X
DOI	10.1007/s00441-018-2882-2
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