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Article ; Online: To Sleep Dreaming Medals: Sleep Characteristics, Napping Behavior, and Sleep-Hygiene Strategies in Elite Track-and-Field Athletes Facing the Olympic Games of Tokyo 2021.

Vitale, Jacopo A / Borghi, Stefano / Piacentini, Maria Francesca / Banfi, Giuseppe / La Torre, Antonio

International journal of sports physiology and performance

2023 Volume 18, Issue 12, Page(s) 1412–1419

Abstract: Purpose: Few data are available on sleep characteristics of elite track-and-field athletes. Our study aimed to assess (1) differences in sleep between sexes and among different track-and-field disciplines, (2) the effect of individualized sleep-hygiene ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Few data are available on sleep characteristics of elite track-and-field athletes. Our study aimed to assess (1) differences in sleep between sexes and among different track-and-field disciplines, (2) the effect of individualized sleep-hygiene strategies on athletes' sleep parameters, and (3) daytime nap characteristics in track-and-field athletes. Methods: Sleep characteristics of 16 elite Olympic-level track-and-field athletes (male: n = 8; female: n = 8) were assessed during the preseason period, at baseline (T0), and during the in-season period, after the adoption of individualized sleep-hygiene strategies (T1). Sleep parameters were objectively monitored by actigraphy for a minimum of 10 days, for each athlete, at both T0 and T1. A total of 702 nights were analyzed (T0 = 425; T1 = 277). Results: Female athletes displayed better sleep efficiency (88.69 [87.69-89.68] vs 91.72 [90.99-92.45]; P = .003, effect size [ES]: 0.44), lower sleep latency (18.99 [15.97-22.00] vs 6.99 [5.65-8.32]; P < .001, ES: 0.65), higher total sleep time (07:03 [06:56-07:11] vs 07:18 [07:10-07:26]; P = .030, ES: 0.26), earlier bedtime (00:24 [00:16-00:32] vs 00:13 [00:04-00:22]; P = .027, ES: 0.18), and lower nap frequency (P < .001) than male athletes. Long-distance runners had earlier bedtime (00:10 [00:03-00:38] vs 00:36 [00:26-00:46]; P < .001, ES: 0.41) and wake-up time (07:41 [07:36-07:46] vs 08:18 [08:07-08:30]; P < .001, ES: 0.61), higher nap frequency, but lower sleep efficiency (88.79 [87.80-89.77] vs 91.67 [90.95-92.38]; P = .013, ES: 0.44), and longer sleep latency (18.89 [15.94-21.84] vs 6.69 [5.33-8.06]; P < .001, ES: 0.67) than athletes of short-term disciplines. Furthermore, sleep-hygiene strategies had a positive impact on athletes' total sleep time (429.2 [423.5-434.8] vs 451.4 [444.2-458.6]; P < .001, ES: 0.37) and sleep latency (14.33 [12.34-16.32] vs 10.67 [8.66-12.68]; P = .017, ES: 0.19). Conclusions: Sleep quality and quantity were suboptimal at baseline in Olympic-level track-and-field athletes. Large differences were observed in sleep characteristics between sexes and among different track-and-field disciplines. Given the positive effect of individualized sleep-hygiene strategies on athlete's sleep, coaches should implement sleep education sessions in the daily routine of top-level athletes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Tokyo ; Sleep ; Athletes ; Track and Field ; Hygiene ; Awards and Prizes
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1555-0273
ISSN (online)	1555-0273
DOI	10.1123/ijspp.2023-0144
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Article ; Online: Effect of a mattress on lumbar spine alignment in supine position in healthy subjects: an MRI study.

Vitale, Jacopo Antonino / Borghi, Stefano / Bassani, Tito / Messina, Carmelo / Sconfienza, Luca Maria / Galbusera, Fabio

European radiology experimental

2023 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 47

Abstract: Background: Humans should sleep for about a third of their lifetime and the choice of the mattress is very important from a quality-of-life perspective. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to assess the changes of lumbar angles, evaluated in a ... ...

Abstract	Background: Humans should sleep for about a third of their lifetime and the choice of the mattress is very important from a quality-of-life perspective. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to assess the changes of lumbar angles, evaluated in a supine position using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), on a mattress versus a rigid surface. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects (10 females, 10 males), aged 32.3 ± 6.5 (mean ± standard deviation), with body mass index 22.4 ± 2.9, completed three evaluations: (i) spine MRI in supine position on a mattress (MAT); (ii) spine MRI in supine position on rigid surface (CON); and (iii) biplanar radiographic imaging in standing position. The following indexes were calculated for both MAT and CON: lumbar lordosis angles L1-L5, L1-S1, L5-S1, and the sacral slope (SS). Further, pelvic incidence (PI) was calculated from the biplanar radiographic images. Results: Main findings were (i) L1-L5 and SS were greater in MAT than CON (L1:L5: +2.9°; SS: +2.0°); (ii) L5-S1 was lower in MAT than CON (-1.6°); (iii) L1-S1 was greater in MAT than CON only for male subjects (+2.0°); (iv) significant and positive correlations between PI and L1-L5, L1-S1 and SS were observed in both CON and MAT. Conclusions: The use of a mattress determined small but statistically significant changes in lumbar angles. Relevance statement: The use of a mattress determines small but statistically significant changes in radiological angles describing the sagittal alignment of the lumbar spine when lying in the supine position. Key points: • Lordosis angle L1-L5 was greater in MAT than in CON condition (+2.9°). • Sacral slope was greater in MAT than in CON condition (+2.0°). • Lordosis angle L5-S1 was lower in MAT than in CON condition (-1.6°).
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Animals ; Male ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Lordosis ; Healthy Volunteers ; Supine Position ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2509-9280
ISSN (online)	2509-9280
DOI	10.1186/s41747-023-00361-w
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Article ; Online: Abundance and distribution of marine litter on the beaches of Okinawa Island, Japan.

Ilechukwu, Ifenna / Das, Rocktim Ramen / Jamodiong, Emmeline A / Borghi, Stefano / Manzano, Geminne G / Hakim, Agus Alim / Reimer, James Davis

Marine pollution bulletin

2024 Volume 200, Page(s) 116036

Abstract: This study evaluated the distribution and abundance of marine litter on 30 beaches around Okinawa Island, Japan. Beach quality indices and multivariate statistical analyses were used to assess the quality of the beaches and their pollution patterns. A ... ...

Abstract	This study evaluated the distribution and abundance of marine litter on 30 beaches around Okinawa Island, Japan. Beach quality indices and multivariate statistical analyses were used to assess the quality of the beaches and their pollution patterns. A total of 11,626 items weighing 513.49 kg with an average density of 0.13 ± 0.10 items/m
MeSH term(s)	Environmental Monitoring ; Japan ; Waste Products/analysis ; Bathing Beaches ; Plastics/analysis
Chemical Substances	Waste Products ; Plastics
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001296-2
ISSN	1879-3363 ; 0025-326X
ISSN (online)	1879-3363
ISSN	0025-326X
DOI	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116036
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Article ; Online: Interrelationship among thigh intermuscular adipose tissue, cross-sectional area, muscle strength, and functional mobility in older subjects.

Borghi, Stefano / Bonato, Matteo / La Torre, Antonio / Banfi, Giuseppe / Vitale, Jacopo Antonino

Medicine

2022 Volume 101, Issue 26, Page(s) e29744

Abstract: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between lower limb strength, muscle mass and composition, and balance ability in elders. Thirthy-four older participants (Age: 65.6 ± 4.73 years; male = 10 and female = 24) were ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between lower limb strength, muscle mass and composition, and balance ability in elders. Thirthy-four older participants (Age: 65.6 ± 4.73 years; male = 10 and female = 24) were assessed for muscle strength (maximal isometric strength of knee extensors and one repetition maximum by leg press, the one repetition maximum [1RM]), balance and gait capacity (Mini-BESTest), body composition by whole-body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (obtaining Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index, ASMMI), and magnetic resonance imaging of thigh to evaluate Intermuscular Adipose Tissue (IMAT) and muscle Cross Sectional Area (CSA). Positive correlations between 1RM and ASMMI (rs = 0.64, P < .0001) and thigh CSA (rs = 0.52, P = .0017), but not with thigh IMAT, were found. In addition, significant correlations between knee extensors strength and ASMMI (rs = 0.48, P = .004) and thigh CSA (rs = 0.49, P = .0033) and IMAT (rs = -0.35, P = .043) were observed, whereas no significant correlations between the Mini-BESTest with ASMMI, thigh CSA, and IMAT were observed. Lower limb strength positively correlated with appendicular muscle mass. Further, the maximal isometric strength of knee extensors negatively correlated with thigh IMAT in elderly patients, whereas the dynamic balance ability did not correlate with any of the morphological variables of the muscle (i.e., ASMMI, CSA, and IMAT). A reduced muscle size and strength could affect movement and reduce physical function in older patients. Improving the composition and size of muscle in elder subjects could reduce frailty and risk of falls.
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue/diagnostic imaging ; Aged ; Body Composition ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Strength/physiology ; Thigh
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000029744
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Article ; Online: Analysis of Prey Composition in Eurasian Reed Warblers’ Acrocephalus scirpaceus Droppings at Four Breeding Sites in Italy

Ientile, Renzo / Tuliozi, Beniamino / Campobello, Daniela / Borghi, Stefano / Sala, Luigi / Dal Zotto, Matteo / Massa, Bruno

Diversity. 2022 Dec. 17, v. 14, no. 12

2022

Abstract: Our aim was to investigate the among-populations diversity of prey composition in Eurasian Reed Warblers’ diets via their droppings, both to assess the ecological validity of this sampling method and to test whether the prey species most abundant in ... ...

Abstract	Our aim was to investigate the among-populations diversity of prey composition in Eurasian Reed Warblers’ diets via their droppings, both to assess the ecological validity of this sampling method and to test whether the prey species most abundant in fecal samples were also the most present in the Italian study site. We collected fecal samples at four sites throughout Italy, for a total of 144 samples. Within reedbeds, the breeding habitat of the Eurasian Reed Warbler, we also collected arthropods by carrying out entomological sweepings at one of the study sites. Within the fecal samples, we identified dozens of prey species, belonging mainly to Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Aphidoidea taxa, whose compositions were not statistically different among sites. The commonest prey species were Coleoptera in the droppings (68.5%) and Diptera in the reedbeds (31.3%), although the latter was less numerous in the fecal samples. The diets of different Italian populations of Eurasian Reed Warbler emerging from our study underline a strong Coleopteran presence, without differences across Italy. Fecal samples appear to be an exhaustive method to study variation in Eurasian Reed Warbler diet and its ecological importance; however, although potential caveats do exist, such as the possible under-representation of Diptera.
Keywords	Acrocephalus scirpaceus ; Aphidoidea ; Araneae ; Coleoptera ; Diptera ; Hymenoptera ; diet ; habitats ; prey species ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1217
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2518137-3
ISSN	1424-2818
ISSN	1424-2818
DOI	10.3390/d14121134
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Article ; Online: Effects of mental fatigue on soccer-specific performance in young players.

Filipas, Luca / Borghi, Stefano / La Torre, Antonio / Smith, Mitchell R

Science & medicine in football

2020 Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) 150–157

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effects of mental fatigue on soccer-specific physical and technical performance in young players.: Methods: Twelve under-14 (U14), twelve under-16 (U16) and twelve under-18 (U18) soccer players completed the two parts of ...

Abstract	Objective: To investigate the effects of mental fatigue on soccer-specific physical and technical performance in young players. Methods: Twelve under-14 (U14), twelve under-16 (U16) and twelve under-18 (U18) soccer players completed the two parts of the investigation. Part one assessed the soccer-specific physical performance using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test, Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). Part two assessed the soccer-specific technical performance using the Loughborough Soccer Passing and Shooting Tests (LSPT, LSST). Each part was preceded by 30 min of Stroop task or 15 min of control task performed in a randomised and counterbalanced order. Results: Subjective ratings of mental fatigue were higher after the Stroop task compared to the control in U14, U16 and U18 in both parts. Mental fatigue significantly reduced Yo-Yo IR1 distance, alongside an increase in heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion, and this effect was moderated by age as older players showed greater declines in performance. Soccer-specific technical performance was negatively affected by mental fatigue condition only in U18 in the LSPT..
MeSH term(s)	Athletic Performance/physiology ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Humans ; Mental Fatigue ; Physical Endurance/physiology ; Soccer/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2473-4446
ISSN (online)	2473-4446
DOI	10.1080/24733938.2020.1823012
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Article ; Online: Rest-activity daily rhythm and physical activity levels after hip and knee joint replacement: the role of actigraphy in orthopedic clinical practice.

Vitale, Jacopo Antonino / Banfi, Giuseppe / Tivolesi, Valentina / Pelosi, Catia / Borghi, Stefano / Negrini, Francesco

Chronobiology international

2021 Volume 38, Issue 12, Page(s) 1692–1701

Abstract: Elective hip and knee joint replacement for osteoarthritis are cost-effective surgical procedures requiring specific rehabilitation programs. Actigraphy is widely used in both research and clinical practice to study activity patterns with great accuracy ... ...

Abstract	Elective hip and knee joint replacement for osteoarthritis are cost-effective surgical procedures requiring specific rehabilitation programs. Actigraphy is widely used in both research and clinical practice to study activity patterns with great accuracy and validity but it has never been utilized in orthopedic patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to objectively assess, through actigraphy, physical activity (PA) levels and rest-activity daily rhythm (RAR) in patients undergoing hip or knee joint replacement and hospitalized for ten days after surgery. Twenty subjects (11 males and 9 females; age: 62.68 ± 10.39 years old; BMI: 29.03 ± 3.92 kg/m
MeSH term(s)	Actigraphy ; Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement ; Circadian Rhythm ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	998996-1
ISSN	1525-6073 ; 0742-0528
ISSN (online)	1525-6073
ISSN	0742-0528
DOI	10.1080/07420528.2021.1939365
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Article: Macroalgal canopies provide corals limited protection from bleaching and impede post-bleaching recovery

Smith, Hillary A. / Prenzlau, Tara / Whitman, Taylor / Fulton, Stella E. / Borghi, Stefano / Logan, Murray / Heron, Scott F. / Bourne, David G.

Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology. 2022 May 19,

2022

Abstract: Coral bleaching, the result of loss of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, as well as post-bleaching recovery can be exacerbated or mitigated by a range of local factors such as depth, turbidity, and natural or artificial shading providing protection for ... ...

Abstract	Coral bleaching, the result of loss of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, as well as post-bleaching recovery can be exacerbated or mitigated by a range of local factors such as depth, turbidity, and natural or artificial shading providing protection for corals during thermal anomalies. On many reefs, losses in coral cover coincide with increases in upright macroalgae growth. Such shifts in benthic communities are generally viewed as negative, whereby macroalgae can outcompete corals for space, and affect adult coral health and fitness. However, the canopy provided by upright macroalgae could reduce solar irradiance and provide refuge for understorey corals during heat events, decreasing coral bleaching and subsequent mortality. To test this hypothesis, this study manually removed macroalgae from experimental plots on a macroalgae-dominated fringing reef at Magnetic Island in the central inshore region of the Great Barrier Reef, comparing the subsequent bleaching during and recovery following a severe heat stress event. In March 2020, sea surface temperature at Magnetic Island reached 31.4 °C, leading to bleaching. Surveys of coral communities undertaken at the peak of accumulated severe heat stress (DHW of 9.3 °C-weeks) in control and macroalgae removal plots showed that, averaged across coral morphological groups, there was no overall difference in bleaching prevalence in algal-removal and control plots (21.1% and 20.8% of the community bleached; respectively). However, bleaching prevalence varied within morphological groups, with massive morphology corals demonstrating higher probability of bleaching in removal plots compared to controls (0.26 and 0.09, respectively). Bleaching severity (i.e. percent of the colony tissue bleached) was consistent across control and removal plots (83.2% and 80.4% of colony area, respectively, averaged across morphologies), with branching corals demonstrating the lowest severity. Surveys were repeated in July after heat stress had dissipated, with coral communities in algal-removal plots displaying greater recovery than controls (i.e. 86.1% and 75.6% healthy, respectively, model estimated mean averaged across morphologies). Encrusting corals in control plots were the slowest to recover. We conclude that macroalgae provided limited refuge for branching and encrusting corals at the height of the thermal event, likely due to the severity of the accumulated heat stress, while massive corals enjoyed some degree of protection from the canopy. Greater recovery of coral communities in removal plots may potentially be explained by reduced competition with adjacent macroalgae. This study provides important insights into the interactions between these two dominant benthic groups and supports previous work finding macroalgae inhibits coral recovery after severe bleaching events.
Keywords	Miozoa ; adults ; canopy ; corals ; heat ; heat stress ; macroalgae ; mortality ; probability ; solar radiation ; surface water temperature ; turbidity ; understory ; Great Barrier Reef ; Queensland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0519
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	410283-6
ISSN	0022-0981
ISSN	0022-0981
DOI	10.1016/j.jembe.2022.151762
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Differences in GPS variables according to playing formations and playing positions in U19 male soccer players.

Borghi, Stefano / Colombo, Davide / La Torre, Antonio / Banfi, Giuseppe / Bonato, Matteo / Vitale, Jacopo Antonino

Research in sports medicine (Print)

2020 Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 225–239

Abstract: The aims of this study were 1) to investigate Global Positioning System (GPS)-based match physical performance according to players' playing position in three different playing formations (4-4-2, 3-5-2, 4-3-3) and 2) to analyse the differences in match ... ...

Abstract	The aims of this study were 1) to investigate Global Positioning System (GPS)-based match physical performance according to players' playing position in three different playing formations (4-4-2, 3-5-2, 4-3-3) and 2) to analyse the differences in match performance between 1
MeSH term(s)	Accelerometry/methods ; Adolescent ; Athletic Performance/physiology ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Competitive Behavior/physiology ; Geographic Information Systems ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Running/physiology ; Soccer/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	2116093-4
ISSN	1543-8635 ; 1543-8627
ISSN (online)	1543-8635
ISSN	1543-8627
DOI	10.1080/15438627.2020.1815201
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Article: Photoselective Protective Netting Improves “Honeycrisp” Fruit Quality

Serra, Sara / Borghi, Stefano / Mupambi, Giverson / Camargo-Alvarez, Hector / Layne, Desmond / Schmidt, Tory / Kalcsits, Lee / Musacchi, Stefano

Plants. 2020 Dec. 04, v. 9, no. 12

2020

Abstract: High temperatures, wind, and excessive sunlight can negatively impact yield and fruit quality in semi-arid apple production regions. Netting was originally designed for hail protection, but it can modify the light spectrum and affect fruit quality. Here, ...

Abstract	High temperatures, wind, and excessive sunlight can negatively impact yield and fruit quality in semi-arid apple production regions. Netting was originally designed for hail protection, but it can modify the light spectrum and affect fruit quality. Here, pearl, blue, and red photoselective netting (≍20% shading factor) was installed in 2015 over a commercial “Cameron Select® Honeycrisp” orchard. Our research objectives were to (1) describe the light quantity and quality under the colored nets compared to an uncovered control and (2) investigate the effect of Photoselective nets on “Honeycrisp” apple quality for two growing seasons. Light transmittance and scattering for each treatment were measured with a spectroradiometer, and samples for fruit quality analyses were collected at harvest. PAR (photosynthetic active radiation), UV, blue, red, and far-red light were lower underneath all netting treatments compared to an uncovered control. The scattered light was higher under the pearl net compared to other colors, while red and far-red light were lower under the blue net. For two consecutive years, trees grown under the photoselective nets intercepted more incoming light than the uncovered trees with no differences among the three colors. In both years, trees under red and blue nets had more sunburn-free (clean) apples than pearl and control. Red color development for fruit was lower when nets were used. Interestingly, bitter pit incidence was lower underneath red nets for both years. Other than red color development, “Honeycrisp” fruit quality was not appreciably affected by the use of netting. These results highlight the beneficial effect of nets in improving light quality in orchards and mitigating physiological disorders such as bitter pit in “Honeycrisp” apple.
Keywords	apples ; bitter pit ; color ; far-red light ; fruit quality ; fruits ; growing season ; hail ; incidence ; light quality ; nets (equipment) ; netting ; objectives ; orchards ; photosynthetically active radiation ; research ; sampling ; shade ; solar radiation ; spectroradiometers ; temperature ; transmittance ; trees ; wind
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-1204
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants9121708
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