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Article ; Online: Ammonium improves elution of fixed dried blood spots without affecting immunofluorescence assay quality.

Borremans, Benny

Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH

2014 Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) 413–416

Abstract: Objective: To solve the problem of fixed dried blood spot elution without damaging IgG antibodies.: Methods: The minimum effective concentration of liquid ammonium (NH3 ) in a PBS solution, which was found to elute fixed blood, was determined. By ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To solve the problem of fixed dried blood spot elution without damaging IgG antibodies. Methods: The minimum effective concentration of liquid ammonium (NH3 ) in a PBS solution, which was found to elute fixed blood, was determined. By using a dilution series, the effects of NH3 on IgG antibody quality were assessed using immunofluorescence assays. Results: The minimum effective concentration of 0.2% NH3 has no detectable effects on IgG quality. Conclusion: Ammonium greatly improves blood elution from fixed DBS while maintaining IgG antibody quality. These results are encouraging and provide a basis for further testing of the efficacy of ammonium in different situations as well as its effect on other compounds.
MeSH term(s)	Ammonium Compounds ; Dried Blood Spot Testing/methods ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique/methods ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Ammonium Compounds
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1314080-2
ISSN	1365-3156 ; 1360-2276
ISSN (online)	1365-3156
ISSN	1360-2276
DOI	10.1111/tmi.12259
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Article ; Online: The linear no-threshold model is less realistic than threshold or hormesis-based models: An evolutionary perspective.

Costantini, David / Borremans, Benny

Chemico-biological interactions

2018 Volume 301, Page(s) 26–33

Abstract: The linear no-threshold (LNT) risk model is the current human health risk assessment paradigm. This model states that adverse stochastic biological responses to high levels of a stressor can be used to estimate the response to low or moderate levels of ... ...

Abstract	The linear no-threshold (LNT) risk model is the current human health risk assessment paradigm. This model states that adverse stochastic biological responses to high levels of a stressor can be used to estimate the response to low or moderate levels of that stressor. In recent years the validity of the LNT risk model has increasingly been questioned because of the recurring observation that an organism's response to high stressor doses differs from that to low doses. This raises important questions about the biological and evolutionary validity of the LNT model. In this review we reiterate that the LNT model as applied to stochastic biological effects of low and moderate stressor levels has less biological validity than threshold or, particularly, hormetic models. In so doing, we rely heavily on literature from disciplines like ecophysiology or evolutionary ecology showing how exposure to moderate amounts of stress can have severe impacts on phenotype and organism reproductive fitness. We present a mathematical model that illustrates and explores the hypothetical conditions that make a particular kind of hormesis (conditioning hormesis) ecologically and evolutionarily plausible.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Hormesis/radiation effects ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Models, Statistical ; Radiation Dosage
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-17
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	218799-1
ISSN	1872-7786 ; 0009-2797
ISSN (online)	1872-7786
ISSN	0009-2797
DOI	10.1016/j.cbi.2018.10.007
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Article ; Online: Why Hantavirus Prevalence Does Not Always Increase With Host Density: Modeling the Role of Host Spatial Behavior and Maternal Antibodies.

Reijniers, Jonas / Tersago, Katrien / Borremans, Benny / Hartemink, Nienke / Voutilainen, Liina / Henttonen, Heikki / Leirs, Herwig

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

2020 Volume 10, Page(s) 536660

Abstract: For wildlife diseases, one often relies on host density to predict host infection prevalence and the subsequent force of infection to humans in the case of zoonoses. Indeed, if transmission is mainly indirect, i.e., by way of the environment, the force ... ...

Abstract	For wildlife diseases, one often relies on host density to predict host infection prevalence and the subsequent force of infection to humans in the case of zoonoses. Indeed, if transmission is mainly indirect, i.e., by way of the environment, the force of infection is expected to increase with host density, yet the laborious field data supporting this theoretical claim are often absent. Hantaviruses are among those zoonoses that have been studied extensively over the past decades, as they pose a significant threat to humans. In Europe, the most widespread hantavirus is the Puumala virus (PUUV), which is carried by the bank vole and causes nephropathia epidemica (NE) in humans. Extensive field campaigns have been carried out in Central Finland to shed light on this supposed relationship between bank vole density and PUUV prevalence and to identify other drivers for the infection dynamics. This resulted in the surprising observation that the relationship between bank vole density and PUUV prevalence is not purely monotonic on an annual basis, contrary to what previous models predicted: a higher vole density does not necessary result in a higher infection prevalence, nor in an increased number of humans reported having NE. Here, we advance a novel individual-based spatially-explicit model which takes into account the immunity provided by maternal antibodies and which simulates the spatial behavior of the host, both possible causes for this discrepancy that were not accounted for in previous models. We show that the reduced prevalence in peak years can be attributed to transient immunity, and that the density-dependent spatial vole behavior, i.e., the fact that home ranges are smaller in high density years, plays only a minor role. The applicability of the model is not limited to the study and prediction of PUUV (and NE) occurrence in Europe, as it could be easily adapted to model other rodent-borne diseases, either with indirect or direct transmission.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Europe/epidemiology ; Hantavirus ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Prevalence ; Puumala virus ; Spatial Behavior
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2619676-1
ISSN	2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
ISSN (online)	2235-2988
ISSN	2235-2988
DOI	10.3389/fcimb.2020.536660
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Article: The shape of the contact-density function matters when modelling parasite transmission in fluctuating populations.

Borremans, Benny / Reijniers, Jonas / Hens, Niel / Leirs, Herwig

Royal Society open science

2017 Volume 4, Issue 11, Page(s) 171308

Abstract: Models of disease transmission in a population with changing densities must assume a relation between infectious contacts and density. Typically, a choice is made between a constant (frequency-dependence) and a linear (density-dependence) contact-density ...

Abstract	Models of disease transmission in a population with changing densities must assume a relation between infectious contacts and density. Typically, a choice is made between a constant (frequency-dependence) and a linear (density-dependence) contact-density function, but it is becoming increasingly clear that intermediate, nonlinear functions are more realistic. It is currently not clear, however, what the exact consequences would be of different contact-density functions in fluctuating populations. By combining field data on rodent host (
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2787755-3
ISSN	2054-5703
ISSN	2054-5703
DOI	10.1098/rsos.171308
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Article ; Online: Twenty-nine years of continuous monthly capture-mark-recapture data of multimammate mice (Mastomys natalensis) in Morogoro, Tanzania.

Leirs, Herwig / Kirkpatrick, Lucinda / Sluydts, Vincent / Sabuni, Christopher / Borremans, Benny / Katakweba, Abdul / Massawe, Apia / Makundi, Rhodes / Mulungu, Loth / Machang'u, Robert / Mariën, Joachim

Scientific data

2023 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 798

Abstract: The multimammate mice (Mastomys natalensis) is the most-studied rodent species in sub-Saharan Africa, where it is an important pest species in agriculture and carrier of zoonotic diseases (e.g. Lassa virus). Here, we provide a unique dataset that ... ...

Abstract	The multimammate mice (Mastomys natalensis) is the most-studied rodent species in sub-Saharan Africa, where it is an important pest species in agriculture and carrier of zoonotic diseases (e.g. Lassa virus). Here, we provide a unique dataset that consists of twenty-nine years of continuous monthly capture-mark-recapture entries on one 3 ha mosaic field (MOSA) in Morogoro, Tanzania. It is one of the most accurate and long-running capture-recapture time series on a small mammal species worldwide and unique to Africa. The database can be used by ecologists to test hypotheses on the population dynamics of small mammals (e.g. to test the effect of climate change), or to validate new algorithms on real long-term field data (e.g. new survival analyses techniques). It is also useful for both scientists and decision-makers who want to optimize rodent control strategies and predict outbreaks of multimammate mice.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Murinae ; Population Dynamics ; Tanzania
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Dataset ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2775191-0
ISSN	2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
ISSN (online)	2052-4463
ISSN	2052-4463
DOI	10.1038/s41597-023-02700-3
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Article: The symptomatology and diagnosis of domoic acid toxicosis in stranded California sea lions (

McClain, Abby M / Field, Cara L / Norris, Tenaya A / Borremans, Benny / Duignan, Pàdraig J / Johnson, Shawn P / Whoriskey, Sophie T / Thompson-Barbosa, Lorraine / Gulland, Frances M D

Frontiers in veterinary science

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1245864

Abstract: Introduction: Domoic acid (DA) is a glutaminergic excitatory neurotoxin that causes the morbidity and mortality of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus; CSL) and other marine mammals due to a suite of effects mostly on the nervous and cardiac ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Domoic acid (DA) is a glutaminergic excitatory neurotoxin that causes the morbidity and mortality of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus; CSL) and other marine mammals due to a suite of effects mostly on the nervous and cardiac systems. Between 1998 and 2019, 11,737 live-stranded CSL were admitted to The Marine Mammal Center (TMMC; Sausalito, CA, USA), over 2,000 of which were intoxicated by DA. A plethora of clinical research has been performed over the past 20 years to characterize the range of toxic effects of DA exposure on CSLs, generating the largest dataset on the effects of natural exposure to this toxin in wildlife. Materials and methods: In this study, we review published methods for diagnosing DA intoxication, clinical presentation, and treatment of DA-intoxicated CSL and present a practical, reproducible scoring system called the neuroscore (NS) to help assess whether a DA-affected CSL is fit for release to the wild following rehabilitation. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationships between outcome (released vs. euthanized or died) and multiple variables to predict the outcome for a subset of 92 stranded CSLs. Results: The largest proportion of DA-intoxicated CSLs was adult females (58.6%). The proportions of acute and chronic cases were 63.5 and 36.5% respectively, with 44% of affected CSL released and 56% either dying naturally or euthanized. The average time in rehabilitation was 15.9 days (range 0-169) for all outcomes. The best-performing model (85% accuracy; area under the curve = 0.90) assessing the relationship between outcome and predictor variables consisted of four variables: final NS, change in NS over time, whether the animal began eating in rehabilitation, and the state of nutrition on admission. Discussion: Our results provide longitudinal information on the symptomatology of CSL intoxicated by domoic acid and suggest that a behavioral scoring system is a useful tool to assess the fitness for the release of DA-intoxicated CSL.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2023.1245864
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Article: How to quantify animal activity from radio-frequency identification (RFID) recordings.

Iserbyt, Arne / Griffioen, Maaike / Borremans, Benny / Eens, Marcel / Müller, Wendt

Ecology and evolution

2018 Volume 8, Issue 20, Page(s) 10166–10174

Abstract: Automated animal monitoring via radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology allows efficient and extensive data sampling of individual activity levels and is therefore commonly used for ecological research. However, processing RFID data is still a ... ...

Abstract	Automated animal monitoring via radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology allows efficient and extensive data sampling of individual activity levels and is therefore commonly used for ecological research. However, processing RFID data is still a largely unresolved problem, which potentially leads to inaccurate estimates for behavioral activity. One of the major challenges during data processing is to isolate independent behavioral actions from a set of superfluous, nonindependent detections. As a case study, individual blue tits (
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2635675-2
ISSN	2045-7758
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	10.1002/ece3.4491
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Article ; Online: Cross-species pathogen spillover across ecosystem boundaries: mechanisms and theory.

Borremans, Benny / Faust, Christina / Manlove, Kezia R / Sokolow, Susanne H / Lloyd-Smith, James O

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

2019 Volume 374, Issue 1782, Page(s) 20180344

Abstract: Pathogen spillover between different host species is the trigger for many infectious disease outbreaks and emergence events, and ecosystem boundary areas have been suggested as spatial hotspots of spillover. This hypothesis is largely based on suspected ... ...

Abstract	Pathogen spillover between different host species is the trigger for many infectious disease outbreaks and emergence events, and ecosystem boundary areas have been suggested as spatial hotspots of spillover. This hypothesis is largely based on suspected higher rates of zoonotic disease spillover and emergence in fragmented landscapes and other areas where humans live in close vicinity to wildlife. For example, Ebola virus outbreaks have been linked to contacts between humans and infected wildlife at the rural-forest border, and spillover of yellow fever via mosquito vectors happens at the interface between forest and human settlements. Because spillover involves complex interactions between multiple species and is difficult to observe directly, empirical studies are scarce, particularly those that quantify underlying mechanisms. In this review, we identify and explore potential ecological mechanisms affecting spillover of pathogens (and parasites in general) at ecosystem boundaries. We borrow the concept of 'permeability' from animal movement ecology as a measure of the likelihood that hosts and parasites are present in an ecosystem boundary region. We then discuss how different mechanisms operating at the levels of organisms and ecosystems might affect permeability and spillover. This review is a step towards developing a general theory of cross-species parasite spillover across ecosystem boundaries with the eventual aim of improving predictions of spillover risk in heterogeneous landscapes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Dynamic and integrative approaches to understanding pathogen spillover'.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Disease Reservoirs/veterinary ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Zoonoses/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	208382-6
ISSN	1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
ISSN (online)	1471-2970
ISSN	0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
DOI	10.1098/rstb.2018.0344
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Article ; Online: The General Growth Tendency: A tool to improve publication trend reporting by removing record inflation bias and enabling quantitative trend analysis.

Nelis, Joost L D / Rosas da Silva, Gonçalo / Ortuño, Jordi / Tsagkaris, Aristeidis S / Borremans, Benny / Haslova, Jana / Colgrave, Michelle L / Elliott, Christopher T

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) e0268433

Abstract: The trend of the number of publications on a research field is often used to quantify research interest and effort, but this measure is biased by general publication record inflation. This study introduces a novel metric as an unbiased and quantitative ... ...

Abstract	The trend of the number of publications on a research field is often used to quantify research interest and effort, but this measure is biased by general publication record inflation. This study introduces a novel metric as an unbiased and quantitative tool for trend analysis and bibliometrics. The metric was used to reanalyze reported publication trends and perform in-depth trend analyses on patent groups and a broad range of field in the life-sciences. The analyses confirmed that inflation bias frequently results in the incorrect identification of field-specific increased growth. It was shown that the metric enables a more detailed, quantitative and robust trend analysis of peer reviewed publications and patents. Some examples of the metric's uses are quantifying inflation-corrected growth in research regarding microplastics (51% ± 10%) between 2012 and 2018 and detecting inflation-corrected growth increase for transcriptomics and metabolomics compared to genomics and proteomics (Tukey post hoc p<0.0001). The developed trend-analysis tool removes inflation bias from bibliometric trend analyses. The metric improves evidence-driven decision-making regarding research effort investment and funding allocation.
MeSH term(s)	Bibliometrics ; Plastics
Chemical Substances	Plastics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0268433
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Article ; Online: Quantifying antibody kinetics and RNA detection during early-phase SARS-CoV-2 infection by time since symptom onset.

Borremans, Benny / Gamble, Amandine / Prager, K C / Helman, Sarah K / McClain, Abby M / Cox, Caitlin / Savage, Van / Lloyd-Smith, James O

eLife

2020 Volume 9

Abstract: Understanding and mitigating SARS-CoV-2 transmission hinges on antibody and viral RNA data that inform exposure and shedding, but extensive variation in assays, study group demographics and laboratory protocols across published studies confounds ... ...

Abstract	Understanding and mitigating SARS-CoV-2 transmission hinges on antibody and viral RNA data that inform exposure and shedding, but extensive variation in assays, study group demographics and laboratory protocols across published studies confounds inference of true biological patterns. Our meta-analysis leverages 3214 datapoints from 516 individuals in 21 studies to reveal that seroconversion of both IgG and IgM occurs around 12 days post-symptom onset (range 1-40), with extensive individual variation that is not significantly associated with disease severity. IgG and IgM detection probabilities increase from roughly 10% at symptom onset to 98-100% by day 22, after which IgM wanes while IgG remains reliably detectable. RNA detection probability decreases from roughly 90% to zero by day 30, and is highest in feces and lower respiratory tract samples. Our findings provide a coherent evidence base for interpreting clinical diagnostics, and for the mathematical models and serological surveys that underpin public health policies.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification ; Betacoronavirus/genetics ; Betacoronavirus/immunology ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods ; Coronavirus Infections/blood ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Immunoglobulin G/isolation & purification ; Immunoglobulin M/blood ; Immunoglobulin M/isolation & purification ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/blood ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; RNA, Viral/isolation & purification ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; RNA, Viral
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.60122
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