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Article ; Online: Challenges of Incorporating Life Cycle Drug Pricing in Cost-Effectiveness Models: A Review of Methods and Modeling Suggestions.

Puls, Mathilde / Horscroft, James / Kearns, Benjamin / Gladwell, Daniel / Church, Edward / Johannesen, Kasper / Malcolm, Bill / Borrill, John

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research

2024

Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to conduct a review of existing methods used to incorporate life cycle drug pricing (LCDP) in cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs), identify common methodological challenges, and suggest modeling approaches for prospectively ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: This study aimed to conduct a review of existing methods used to incorporate life cycle drug pricing (LCDP) in cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs), identify common methodological challenges, and suggest modeling approaches for prospectively implementing LCDP in CEA. Methods: Two complementary searches were conducted in PubMed, combined with hand searching and reference mining, to identify English language full-text articles that explored (1) how drug prices change over time and (2) methods used to apply dynamic pricing in cost-effectiveness models (CEMs). Relevant articles were reviewed, and authors discussed the common methodological practices used in the literature and their associated challenges on prospectively implementing LCDP in CEMs. For each key challenge identified, we provide modeling suggestions to address the issue. Results: We screened 1200 studies based on title and abstract; 117 were reviewed for eligibility, and 47 individual studies were included across both searches. Variations in prices over a product's life cycle are complex and multifactorial, and models applying LCDP in CEA varied in their methodology. We identified 4 key challenges to modeling LCDP in CEA, including how to model price trends before and after loss of exclusivity, how to capture the effect of price changes on future patient cohorts, and how to report results. Conclusion: Accurately quantifying the impact of LCDP requires careful consideration of multiple aspects pertaining to both the evolution of drug prices and how to reflect these in CEA. Although uncertainties remain, our findings can aid implementation and evaluation of LCDP in economic evaluations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1471745-1
ISSN	1524-4733 ; 1098-3015
ISSN (online)	1524-4733
ISSN	1098-3015
DOI	10.1016/j.jval.2024.03.006
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Article ; Online: Exploring suicidal behaviours by probation clients-a qualitative near-lethal study.

Mackenzie, J C / Cartwright, T / Borrill, J

Journal of public health (Oxford, England)

2017 Volume 40, Issue 1, Page(s) 146–153

Abstract: Background: Existing research emphasizes that offenders serving community based sentences are at an increased risk of suicide compared with the general population, however, there is little understanding about the causes of this risk. The aim of the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Existing research emphasizes that offenders serving community based sentences are at an increased risk of suicide compared with the general population, however, there is little understanding about the causes of this risk. The aim of the current research was to understand how to support probation clients and prevent suicide, by exploring the experiences of probation clients who carried out near-lethal suicide attempts whilst under probation supervision. Methods: In-depth interviews were carried out with seven probation clients who made near-lethal suicide attempts whilst serving a probation sentence. Data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results: Participants recounted negative experiences which they perceived to be linked to their suicidal feelings and behaviours, such as experiencing bereavements, perceived loss of control over their mental state or situation, and difficulties relating to stages of their probation sentence. Participants expressed severe difficulties with trusting authorities, making disclosure of suicidal feelings problematic. However, participants emphasized the role that purposeful and meaningful activity can play in suicide prevention. Conclusions: Suicide prevention strategies must be tailored to the needs of probation clients across the UK. Mandatory training for probation staff is recommended to help reduce suicides, and support from external agencies should be sought where possible.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Bereavement ; Criminals/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prisoners ; Risk Factors ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide, Attempted/psychology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2142082-8
ISSN	1741-3850 ; 1741-3842
ISSN (online)	1741-3850
ISSN	1741-3842
DOI	10.1093/pubmed/fdx005
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Article ; Online: A Review of Overall Survival Extrapolations of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors Used in Health Technology Assessments by the French Health Authorities - Erratum.

Grumberg, Valentine / Roze, Stéphane / Chevalier, Julie / Borrill, John / Gaudin, Anne-Françoise / Branchoux, Sébastien

International journal of technology assessment in health care

2022 Volume 38, Issue 1, Page(s) e38

MeSH term(s)	Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Technology Assessment, Biomedical
Chemical Substances	Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	632573-7
ISSN	1471-6348 ; 0266-4623
ISSN (online)	1471-6348
ISSN	0266-4623
DOI	10.1017/S0266462322000228
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Article ; Online: A Review of Overall Survival Extrapolations of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors Used in Health Technology Assessments by the French Health Authorities.

Grumberg, Valentine / Roze, Stéphane / Chevalier, Julie / Borrill, John / Gaudin, Anne-Françoise / Branchoux, Sébastien

International journal of technology assessment in health care

2022 Volume 38, Issue 1, Page(s) e28

Abstract: Objectives: Extrapolation is often required to inform cost-effectiveness (CE) evaluations of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) since survival data from pivotal clinical trials are seldom complete. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Extrapolation is often required to inform cost-effectiveness (CE) evaluations of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) since survival data from pivotal clinical trials are seldom complete. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of estimates of long-term overall survival (OS) predicted in French CE assessment reports of ICIs, and to identify models presenting the best fit to the observed long-term survival data. Methods: A systematic review of French assessment reports of ICIs in the metastatic setting since inception until May 2020 was performed. A targeted literature review was conducted to collect associated extended follow-up of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) used in the CE assessment reports. Difference between projected and observed OS was calculated. A range of standard parametric and spline-based models were applied to the extended follow-up data from the RCT to determine the best-fitting survival models. Results: Of the 121 CE assessment reports published, 11 reports met the inclusion criteria. OS was underestimated in 73 percent of the CE assessment reports. The mean relative difference between each source was -13 percent (median: -15 percent; IQR: -0.4 to 26 percent). Models providing the best fit were those that could reflect nonmonotonic hazards. Conclusions: Based on the available data at the time of submission, longer-term survival of ICIs was not fully captured by the extrapolation models used in CE assessments. Standard and flexible parametric models which can capture nonmonotonic hazard functions provided the best fit to the extended follow-up data. However, these models may still have performed poorly if fitted to survival data available at the time of submission to the French National Authority for Health.
MeSH term(s)	Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Technology Assessment, Biomedical
Chemical Substances	Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	632573-7
ISSN	1471-6348 ; 0266-4623
ISSN (online)	1471-6348
ISSN	0266-4623
DOI	10.1017/S0266462322000125
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Article ; Online: Generating Health State Utility Values from Fact-Ovarian Data Collected in a Phase Ii Maintenance Study in Platinum Sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (Study 19): A Comparison of Mapping Algorithms.

Hettle, R / Borrill, J / Suri, G / Wulff, J

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research

2014 Volume 17, Issue 7, Page(s) A646

Language	English
Publishing date	2014-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1471745-1
ISSN	1524-4733 ; 1098-3015
ISSN (online)	1524-4733
ISSN	1098-3015
DOI	10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2341
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Article: Detecting and preventing postnatal depression.

Borrill, J

Community nurse

1998 Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) 19–20

Abstract: Usually only a quarter of postnatal depression cases are identified. Jo Borrill discusses the role of nurses in detecting depression in mothers and giving them support. ...

Abstract	Usually only a quarter of postnatal depression cases are identified. Jo Borrill discusses the role of nurses in detecting depression in mothers and giving them support.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Depression, Postpartum/diagnosis ; Depression, Postpartum/nursing ; Depression, Postpartum/prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Nursing Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Social Support
Language	English
Publishing date	1998-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1355513-3
ISSN	1351-1416 ; 1358-0981
ISSN	1351-1416 ; 1358-0981
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Article ; Online: The relationship between self-harm and alexithymia.

Norman, Hilary / Borrill, Jo

Scandinavian journal of psychology

2015 Volume 56, Issue 4, Page(s) 405–419

Abstract: This paper presents a systematic review of the literature concerning the relationship between alexithymia and self-harm. Fifteen studies were selected following a systematic search of relevant databases. Results indicate significantly higher levels of ... ...

Abstract	This paper presents a systematic review of the literature concerning the relationship between alexithymia and self-harm. Fifteen studies were selected following a systematic search of relevant databases. Results indicate significantly higher levels of alexithymia in women who self-harm compared with women who do not self-harm. Studies of men were less conclusive and require further investigation. A subsample of the studies found that childhood abuse and bullying were more likely to be associated with self-harm if alexithymia was present as a mediator. Other studies found that depression mediated between alexithymia and self-harm. The results indicate that the poor emotional cognition and expression associated with alexithymia may increase vulnerability to self-harm, particularly in women.
MeSH term(s)	Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/psychology ; Affective Symptoms/complications ; Affective Symptoms/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Self-Injurious Behavior/complications ; Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	219197-0
ISSN	1467-9450 ; 0036-5564
ISSN (online)	1467-9450
ISSN	0036-5564
DOI	10.1111/sjop.12217
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Article ; Online: Assessment of technical errors and validation processes in economic models submitted by the company for NICE technology appraisals.

Radeva, Demi / Hopkin, Gareth / Mossialos, Elias / Borrill, John / Osipenko, Leeza / Naci, Huseyin

International journal of technology assessment in health care

2020 , Page(s) 1–6

Abstract: Background: Economic models play a central role in the decision-making process of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Inadequate validation methods allow for errors to be included in economic models. These errors may alter the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Economic models play a central role in the decision-making process of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Inadequate validation methods allow for errors to be included in economic models. These errors may alter the final recommendations and have a significant impact on outcomes for stakeholders. Objective: To describe the patterns of technical errors found in NICE submissions and to provide an insight into the validation exercises carried out by the companies prior to submission. Methods: All forty-one single technology appraisals (STAs) completed in 2017 by NICE were reviewed and all were on medicines. The frequency of errors and information on their type, magnitude, and impact was extracted from publicly available NICE documentation along with the details of model validation methods used. Results: Two STAs (5 percent) had no reported errors, nineteen (46 percent) had between one and four errors, sixteen (39 percent) had between five and nine errors, and four (10 percent) had more than ten errors. The most common errors were transcription errors (29 percent), logic errors (29 percent), and computational errors (25 percent). All STAs went through at least one type of validation. Moreover, errors that were notable enough were reported in the final appraisal document (FAD) in eight (20 percent) of the STAs assessed but each of these eight STAs received positive recommendations. Conclusions: Technical errors are common in the economic models submitted to NICE. Some errors were considered important enough to be reported in the FAD. Improvements are needed in the model development process to ensure technical errors are kept to a minimum.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632573-7
ISSN	1471-6348 ; 0266-4623
ISSN (online)	1471-6348
ISSN	0266-4623
DOI	10.1017/S0266462320000422
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Article ; Online: Estimating health-state utility values for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer using Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General mapping algorithms

Hettle R / Borrill J / Suri G / Wulff J

ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research, Vol 2015, Iss default, Pp 615-

2015 Volume 627

Abstract: Robert Hettle,1 John Borrill,2 Gaurav Suri,1 Jerome Wulff1 1Parexel Consulting, London, 2AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK Objectives: In the absence of EuroQol 5D data, mapping algorithms can be used to predict health-state utility values (HSUVs) for use in ...

Abstract	Robert Hettle,1 John Borrill,2 Gaurav Suri,1 Jerome Wulff1 1Parexel Consulting, London, 2AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK Objectives: In the absence of EuroQol 5D data, mapping algorithms can be used to predict health-state utility values (HSUVs) for use in economic evaluation. In a placebo-controlled Phase II study of olaparib maintenance therapy (NCT00753545), health-related quality of life was measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Ovarian (FACT-O) questionnaire. Our objective was to generate HSUVs from the FACT-O data using published mapping algorithms. Materials and methods: Algorithms were identified from a review of the literature. Goodness-of-fit and patient characteristics were compared to select the best-performing algorithm, and this was used to generate base-case HSUVs for the intention-to-treat population of the olaparib study and for patients with breast cancer antigen mutations. Results: Four FACT – General (the core component of FACT-O) mapping algorithms were identified and compared. Under the preferred algorithm, treatment-related adverse events had no statistically significant effect on HSU (P>0.05). Discontinuation of the study treatment and breast cancer antigen mutation status were both associated with a reduction in HSUVs (–0.06, P=0.0009; and –0.03, P=0.0511, respectively). The mean HSUV recorded at assessment visits was 0.786. Conclusion: FACT – General mapping generated credible HSUVs for an economic evaluation of olaparib. As reported in other studies, different algorithms may produce significantly different estimates of HSUV. For this reason, it is important to test whether the choice of a specific algorithm changes the conclusions of an economic evaluation. Keywords: platinum sensitive ovarian cancer, EQ 5D, maintenance therapy, olaparib
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Dove Medical Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Non-Price-Related Determinants of Value and Access for Novel Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treatments: A Cross-Country Review of HTA Decision Making.

Gordon, Jason / Stainthorpe, Angela / Jones, Beverley / Jacob, Ian / Hertel, Nadine / Diaz, Jose / Yuan, Yong / Borrill, John

PharmacoEconomics - open

2021 Volume 5, Issue 4, Page(s) 701–713

Abstract: Introduction: Access and funding for newly approved treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are often dependent on Health Technology Assessment (HTA) involving cost-effectiveness analysis. Whilst methods used by HTA agencies share many ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Access and funding for newly approved treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are often dependent on Health Technology Assessment (HTA) involving cost-effectiveness analysis. Whilst methods used by HTA agencies share many similarities, final decisions may differ. This may be the result, not just of price considerations, but also of variation in value judgements by different agencies. The aim of this study was to review international HTA evaluations to identify determinants of value and access for NSCLC treatments. Methods: A targeted review and analysis was undertaken of published HTAs for NSCLC across HTA agencies in six countries (Australia, Canada, England, France, Ireland and Scotland). Analysis of extracted data consisted of three stages: descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis and multivariable analysis. Results: The analysis included 163 HTAs that assessed oncological treatments for NSCLC from 2003 to 2019. The majority of HTA decisions (67.5%) were positive. However, some evidence of heterogeneity in HTA decisions and the factors informing them were identified. The most influential factors included in the multivariate model related to the HTA agency conducting the appraisal, the year of market authorisation, treatment type and the line of treatment. Conclusion: Heterogenous decision-making frameworks can present a challenge to developing HTA submissions. This research contributes to understanding decision-making factors and why countries make different decisions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2874287-4
ISSN	2509-4254 ; 2509-4262
ISSN (online)	2509-4254
ISSN	2509-4262
DOI	10.1007/s41669-021-00279-2
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