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  1. Article ; Online: Details of the neutral energy distribution and ionization source using spectrally resolved Balmer-alpha measurements on DIII-D.

    Haskey, S R / Grierson, B A / Stagner, L / Chrystal, C / Bortolon, A / Laggner, F M

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2022  Volume 93, Issue 10, Page(s) 103504

    Abstract: Spectrally resolved passive Balmer-α (D-α, H-α) measurements from the DIII-D 16 channel edge main-ion charge exchange recombination system confirm the presence of higher energy neutrals ("thermal" neutrals) in addition to the cold neutrals that recycle ... ...

    Abstract Spectrally resolved passive Balmer-α (D-α, H-α) measurements from the DIII-D 16 channel edge main-ion charge exchange recombination system confirm the presence of higher energy neutrals ("thermal" neutrals) in addition to the cold neutrals that recycle off the walls in the edge region of DIII-D plasmas. Charge exchange between thermal ions and edge neutrals transfers energy and momentum between the populations giving rise to thermal neutrals with energies approximating the ions in the pedestal region. Multiple charge exchange events in succession allow an electron to effectively take a random walk, transferring from ion to ion, providing a pathway of increasing energy and velocity, permitting a neutral to get deeper into the plasma before a final ionization event that contributes to the ion and electron particle fueling. Spectrally resolved measurements provide information about the density and velocity distribution of these neutrals, which has been historically valuable for validating Monte Carlo neutral models, which include the multi stage charge exchange dynamics. Here, a multi-channel set of such measurements is used to specifically isolate the details of the thermal neutrals that are responsible for fueling inside the pedestal top. Being able to separate the thermal from the cold emission overcomes several challenges associated with optical filter-based neutral density measurements. The neutral dynamics, deeper fueling by the thermal neutrals, and spectral measurement are modeled with the FIDASIM Monte Carlo collisional radiative code, which also produces synthetic spectra with a shape that is in close agreement with the measurements. By scaling the number of neutrals in the simulation to match the intensity of the thermal emission, we show it is possible to obtain local neutral densities and ionization source rates.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0101854
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Robust identification of multiple-input single-output system response for efficient pickup noise removal from tokamak diagnostics.

    Odstrcil, T / Laggner, F M / Rosenthal, A M / Bortolon, A / Hughes, J W / Spendlove, J C / Wilks, T M

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2022  Volume 93, Issue 10, Page(s) 103503

    Abstract: Electromagnetic pickup noise in the tokamak environment imposes an imminent challenge for measuring weak diagnostic photocurrents in the nA range. The diagnostic signal can be contaminated by an unknown mixture of crosstalk signals from coils powered by ... ...

    Abstract Electromagnetic pickup noise in the tokamak environment imposes an imminent challenge for measuring weak diagnostic photocurrents in the nA range. The diagnostic signal can be contaminated by an unknown mixture of crosstalk signals from coils powered by currents in the kA range. To address this issue, an algorithm for robust identification of linear multi-input single-output (MISO) systems has been developed. The MISO model describes the dynamic relationship between measured signals from power sources and observed signals in the diagnostic and allows for a precise subtraction of the noise component. The proposed method was tested on experimental diagnostic data from the DIII-D tokamak, and it has reduced noise by up to 20 dB in the 1-20 kHz range.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0100988
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Highest fusion performance without harmful edge energy bursts in tokamak.

    Kim, S K / Shousha, R / Yang, S M / Hu, Q / Hahn, S H / Jalalvand, A / Park, J-K / Logan, N C / Nelson, A O / Na, Y-S / Nazikian, R / Wilcox, R / Hong, R / Rhodes, T / Paz-Soldan, C / Jeon, Y M / Kim, M W / Ko, W H / Lee, J H /
    Battey, A / Yu, G / Bortolon, A / Snipes, J / Kolemen, E

    Nature communications

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 3990

    Abstract: The path of tokamak fusion and International thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) is maintaining high-performance plasma to produce sufficient fusion power. This effort is hindered by the transient energy burst arising from the instabilities at the ... ...

    Abstract The path of tokamak fusion and International thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) is maintaining high-performance plasma to produce sufficient fusion power. This effort is hindered by the transient energy burst arising from the instabilities at the boundary of plasmas. Conventional 3D magnetic perturbations used to suppress these instabilities often degrade fusion performance and increase the risk of other instabilities. This study presents an innovative 3D field optimization approach that leverages machine learning and real-time adaptability to overcome these challenges. Implemented in the DIII-D and KSTAR tokamaks, this method has consistently achieved reactor-relevant core confinement and the highest fusion performance without triggering damaging bursts. This is enabled by advances in the physics understanding of self-organized transport in the plasma edge and machine learning techniques to optimize the 3D field spectrum. The success of automated, real-time adaptive control of such complex systems paves the way for maximizing fusion efficiency in ITER and beyond while minimizing damage to device components.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-024-48415-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Improved Particle Confinement with Resonant Magnetic Perturbations in DIII-D Tokamak H-Mode Plasmas.

    Logan, N C / Hu, Q / Paz-Soldan, C / Nazikian, R / Rhodes, T / Wilks, T / Munaretto, S / Bortolon, A / Laggner, F / Scotti, F / Hong, R / Wang, H

    Physical review letters

    2022  Volume 129, Issue 20, Page(s) 205001

    Abstract: Experiments on the DIII-D tokamak have identified a novel regime in which applied resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) increase the particle confinement and overall performance. This Letter details a robust range of counter-current rotation over which ... ...

    Abstract Experiments on the DIII-D tokamak have identified a novel regime in which applied resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) increase the particle confinement and overall performance. This Letter details a robust range of counter-current rotation over which RMPs cause this density pump-in effect for high confinement (H mode) plasmas. The pump in is shown to be caused by a reduction of the turbulent transport and to be correlated with a change in the sign of the induced neoclassical transport. This novel reversal of the RMP induced transport has the potential to significantly improve reactor relevant, three-dimensional magnetic confinement scenarios.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.205001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: On the scattering correction of fast-ion D-alpha signals on NSTX-U.

    Hao, G Z / Heidbrink, W W / Liu, D / Stagner, L / Podestà, M / Bortolon, A

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2018  Volume 89, Issue 6, Page(s) 63507

    Abstract: Analysis of fast-ion D-alpha (FIDA) data on National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade (NSTX-U) shows that the cold ... ...

    Abstract Analysis of fast-ion D-alpha (FIDA) data on National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade (NSTX-U) shows that the cold D
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/1.5031879
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: A 1D Lyman-alpha profile camera for plasma edge neutral studies on the DIII-D tokamak.

    Rosenthal, A M / Hughes, J W / Bortolon, A / Laggner, F M / Wilks, T M / Vieira, R / Leccacorvi, R / Marmar, E / Nagy, A / Freeman, C / Mauzey, D

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2021  Volume 92, Issue 3, Page(s) 33523

    Abstract: A one dimensional, absolutely calibrated pinhole camera system was installed on the DIII-D tokamak to measure edge Lyman-alpha (Ly-α) emission from hydrogen isotopes, which can be used to infer neutral density and ionization rate profiles. The system is ... ...

    Abstract A one dimensional, absolutely calibrated pinhole camera system was installed on the DIII-D tokamak to measure edge Lyman-alpha (Ly-α) emission from hydrogen isotopes, which can be used to infer neutral density and ionization rate profiles. The system is composed of two cameras, each providing a toroidal fan of 20 lines of sight, viewing the plasma edge on the inboard and outboard side of DIII-D. The cameras' views lie in a horizontal plane 77 cm below the midplane. At its tangency radius, each channel provides a radial resolution of ∼2 cm full width at half maximum (FWHM) with a total coverage of 22 cm. Each camera consists of a rectangular pinhole, Ly-α reflective mirror, narrow-band Ly-α transmission filter, and a 20 channel AXUV photodetector. The combined mirror and transmission filter have a FWHM of 5 nm, centered near the Ly-α wavelength of 121.6 nm and is capable of rejecting significant, parasitic carbon-III (C-III) emission from intrinsic plasma impurities. To provide a high spatial resolution measurement in a compact footprint, the camera utilizes advanced engineering and manufacturing techniques including 3D printing, high stability mirror mounts, and a novel alignment procedure. Absolutely calibrated, spatially resolved Ly-α brightness measurements utilize a bright, isolated line with low parasitic surface reflections and enable quantitative comparison to modeling to study divertor neutral leakage, main chamber fueling, and radial particle transport.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0024115
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Absolute calibration of the Lyman-α measurement apparatus at DIII-D.

    Laggner, F M / Bortolon, A / Rosenthal, A M / Wilks, T M / Hughes, J W / Freeman, C / Golfinopoulos, T / Nagy, A / Mauzey, D / Shafer, M W

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2021  Volume 92, Issue 3, Page(s) 33522

    Abstract: The LLAMA (Lyman-Alpha Measurement Apparatus) diagnostic was recently installed on the DIII-D tokamak [Rosenthal et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. (submitted) (2020)]. LLAMA is a pinhole camera system with a narrow band Bragg mirror, a bandpass interference ... ...

    Abstract The LLAMA (Lyman-Alpha Measurement Apparatus) diagnostic was recently installed on the DIII-D tokamak [Rosenthal et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. (submitted) (2020)]. LLAMA is a pinhole camera system with a narrow band Bragg mirror, a bandpass interference filter, and an absolute extreme ultraviolet photodiode detector array, which measures the Ly-α brightness in the toroidal direction on the inboard, high field side (HFS) and outboard, low field side (LFS). This contribution presents a setup and a procedure for an absolute calibration near the Ly-α line at 121.6 nm. The LLAMA in-vacuum components are designed as a compact, transferable setup that can be mounted in an ex situ vacuum enclosure that is equipped with an absolutely calibrated Ly-α source. The spectral purity and stability of the Ly-α source are characterized using a vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer, while the Ly-α source brightness is measured by a NIST-calibrated photodiode. The non-uniform nature of the Ly-α source emission was overcome by performing a calibration procedure that scans the Ly-α source position and employs a numerical optimization to determine the emission pattern. Nominal and measured calibration factors are determined and compared, showing agreement within their uncertainties. A first conversion of the measured signal obtained from DIII-D indicates that the Ly-α brightness on the HFS and LFS is on the order of 10
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0038134
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: A tangentially viewing fast ion D-alpha diagnostic for NSTX.

    Bortolon, A / Heidbrink, W W / Podestà, M

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2010  Volume 81, Issue 10, Page(s) 10D728

    Abstract: A second fast ion D-alpha (FIDA) installation is planned at NSTX to complement the present perpendicular viewing FIDA diagnostics. Following the present diagnostic scheme, the new diagnostic will consist of two instruments: a spectroscopic diagnostic ... ...

    Abstract A second fast ion D-alpha (FIDA) installation is planned at NSTX to complement the present perpendicular viewing FIDA diagnostics. Following the present diagnostic scheme, the new diagnostic will consist of two instruments: a spectroscopic diagnostic that measures fast ion spectra and profiles at 16 radial points with 5-10 ms resolution and a system that uses a band pass filter and photomultiplier to measure changes in FIDA light with 50 kHz sampling rate. The new pair of FIDA instruments will view the heating beams tangentially. The viewing geometry minimizes spectral contamination by beam emission or edge sources of background emission. The improved velocity-space resolution will provide detailed information about neutral-beam current drive and about fast ion acceleration and transport by injected radio frequency waves and plasma instabilities.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/1.3495768
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Active spectroscopy measurements of the deuterium temperature, rotation, and density from the core to scrape off layer on the DIII-D tokamak (invited).

    Haskey, S R / Grierson, B A / Stagner, L / Chrystal, C / Ashourvan, A / Bortolon, A / Boyer, M D / Burrell, K H / Collins, C / Groebner, R J / Kaplan, D H / Pablant, N A

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2018  Volume 89, Issue 10, Page(s) 10D110

    Abstract: Main-ion charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (MICER) uses the neutral beam ... ...

    Abstract Main-ion charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (MICER) uses the neutral beam induced
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/1.5038349
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: A multi-species powder dropper for magnetic fusion applications.

    Nagy, A / Bortolon, A / Mauzey, D M / Wolfe, E / Gilson, E P / Lunsford, R / Maingi, R / Mansfield, D K / Nazikian, R / Roquemore, A L

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2018  Volume 89, Issue 10, Page(s) 10K121

    Abstract: We present a device for controlled injection of a variety of materials in powder form. The system implements four independent feeder units, arranged to share a single vertical drop tube. Each unit consists of a 80 ml reservoir, coupled to a horizontal ... ...

    Abstract We present a device for controlled injection of a variety of materials in powder form. The system implements four independent feeder units, arranged to share a single vertical drop tube. Each unit consists of a 80 ml reservoir, coupled to a horizontal linear trough, where a layer of powder is advanced by piezo-electric agitation at a speed proportional to the applied voltage, until it falls into a drop tube. The dropper has been tested with a number of impurities of low (B, BN, C), intermediate (Si, SiC), and high Z (Sn) and a variety of microscopic structures (flakes, spheres, rocks) and sizes (5-200
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/1.5039345
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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