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Article ; Online: Eukaryotic lipid droplets: metabolic hubs, and immune first responders.

Bosch, Marta / Pol, Albert

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM

2022 Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 218–229

Abstract: As major eukaryotic lipid storage organelles, lipid droplets (LDs) are metabolic hubs coordinating energy flux and building block distribution. Infectious pathogens often promote accumulation and physically interact with LDs. The most accepted view is ... ...

Abstract	As major eukaryotic lipid storage organelles, lipid droplets (LDs) are metabolic hubs coordinating energy flux and building block distribution. Infectious pathogens often promote accumulation and physically interact with LDs. The most accepted view is that host LDs are hijacked by invaders to draw on nutrients for host colonisation. However, unique traits such as biogenesis plasticity, dynamic proteome, signalling capacity, and ability to interact with other organelles endow LDs with competencies to face complex biological challenges. Here, we focus on published data suggesting that LDs are not usurped organelles but innate immunity first responders. By comparison with analogous mechanisms activated on LDs in nutrient-poor environments, our review supports the hypothesis that host LDs actively participate in immunometabolism, immune signalling, and microbial killing.
MeSH term(s)	Emergency Responders ; Eukaryota ; Humans ; Lipid Droplets/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Signal Transduction
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1042384-9
ISSN	1879-3061 ; 1043-2760
ISSN (online)	1879-3061
ISSN	1043-2760
DOI	10.1016/j.tem.2021.12.006
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Article ; Online: Defensive‐lipid droplets: Cellular organelles designed for antimicrobial immunity

Safi, Rémi / Sánchez‐Álvarez, Miguel / Bosch, Marta / Demangel, Caroline / Parton, Robert G. / Pol, Albert

Immunological Reviews. 2023 Aug., v. 317, no. 1, p. 113-136

2023 , Page(s) 113–136

Abstract: Microbes have developed many strategies to subvert host organisms, which, in turn, evolved several innate immune responses. As major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotes, lipid droplets (LDs) are an attractive source of nutrients for invaders. ... ...

Abstract	Microbes have developed many strategies to subvert host organisms, which, in turn, evolved several innate immune responses. As major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotes, lipid droplets (LDs) are an attractive source of nutrients for invaders. Intracellular viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites induce and physically interact with LDs, and the current view is that they “hijack” LDs to draw on substrates for host colonization. This dogma has been challenged by the recent demonstration that LDs are endowed with a protein‐mediated antibiotic activity, which is upregulated in response to danger signals and sepsis. Dependence on host nutrients could be a generic “Achilles’ heel” of intracellular pathogens and LDs a suitable chokepoint harnessed by innate immunity to organize a front‐line defense. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the state of the conflict and discuss potential mechanisms driving the formation of the ‘defensive‐LDs’ functioning as hubs of innate immunity.
Keywords	Protozoa ; antibacterial properties ; eukaryotic cells ; innate immunity ; lipids ; organelles
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-08
Size	p. 113-136
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	REVIEW
ZDB-ID	391796-4
ISSN	1600-065X ; 0105-2896
ISSN (online)	1600-065X
ISSN	0105-2896
DOI	10.1111/imr.13199
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Defensive-lipid droplets: Cellular organelles designed for antimicrobial immunity.

Safi, Rémi / Sánchez-Álvarez, Miguel / Bosch, Marta / Demangel, Caroline / Parton, Robert G / Pol, Albert

Immunological reviews

2023 Volume 317, Issue 1, Page(s) 113–136

Abstract	Microbes have developed many strategies to subvert host organisms, which, in turn, evolved several innate immune responses. As major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotes, lipid droplets (LDs) are an attractive source of nutrients for invaders. Intracellular viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites induce and physically interact with LDs, and the current view is that they "hijack" LDs to draw on substrates for host colonization. This dogma has been challenged by the recent demonstration that LDs are endowed with a protein-mediated antibiotic activity, which is upregulated in response to danger signals and sepsis. Dependence on host nutrients could be a generic "Achilles' heel" of intracellular pathogens and LDs a suitable chokepoint harnessed by innate immunity to organize a front-line defense. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the state of the conflict and discuss potential mechanisms driving the formation of the 'defensive-LDs' functioning as hubs of innate immunity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lipid Droplets/metabolism ; Organelles ; Bacteria ; Immunity, Innate ; Anti-Infective Agents/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	391796-4
ISSN	1600-065X ; 0105-2896
ISSN (online)	1600-065X
ISSN	0105-2896
DOI	10.1111/imr.13199
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Article: A Virtual Assistant to Guide Early Postoperative Rehabilitation after Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Pilot Randomized Trial.

Blasco, José-María / Navarro-Bosch, Marta / Aroca-Navarro, José-Enrique / Hernández-Guillén, David / Puigcerver-Aranda, Pau / Roig-Casasús, Sergio

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 11, Issue 2

Abstract: Introduction: Rehabilitation can improve outcomes after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). However, low adherence to rehabilitation and compliance rates are some of the main barriers. To address this public health issue, the goal of this research was ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Rehabilitation can improve outcomes after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). However, low adherence to rehabilitation and compliance rates are some of the main barriers. To address this public health issue, the goal of this research was to pilot test and evaluate the effectiveness of a chatbot to promote adherence to home rehabilitation in patients undergoing RSA. Methods: A randomized pilot trial including patients undergoing RSA and early postoperative rehabilitation was performed. The control group received standard home rehabilitation; the experimental group received the same intervention supervised with a chatbot, with automated interactions that included messages to inform, motivate, and remember the days and exercises for 12 weeks. Compliance with rehabilitation and clinical measures of shoulder function, pain, and quality of life were assessed. Results: 31 patients (17 experimental) with an average age of 70.4 (3.6) completed the intervention. Compliance was higher in the experimental group (77% vs. 65%; OR95% = 2.4 (0.5 to 11.4)). Statistically significant between-group differences with a CI of 95% were found in the QuickDASH questionnaire and self-reported quality of life. No differences were found in the rest of the measures. Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that the chatbot tool can be useful in promoting compliance with early postoperative home rehabilitation in patients undergoing RSA. Future randomized trials with adequate power are warranted to determine the clinical impact of the proposal.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2746191-9
ISSN	2306-5354
ISSN	2306-5354
DOI	10.3390/bioengineering11020152
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Article ; Online: Lipid droplets, bioenergetic fluxes, and metabolic flexibility.

Bosch, Marta / Parton, Robert G / Pol, Albert

Seminars in cell & developmental biology

2020 Volume 108, Page(s) 33–46

Abstract: The capacity of cells and animals to sense and adapt to fluctuations in the availability of energetic substrates is commonly described as metabolic flexibility. This flexibility allows for example the transition from fed to fasting states and to meet the ...

Abstract	The capacity of cells and animals to sense and adapt to fluctuations in the availability of energetic substrates is commonly described as metabolic flexibility. This flexibility allows for example the transition from fed to fasting states and to meet the energy demands of exercise in both states. Flexibility is disrupted in pathological conditions such as the metabolic syndrome but in contrast, it is enhanced in some tumours. Lipid droplets (LDs) and mitochondria are key organelles in bioenergetics. In all eukaryotic cells, LDs store and supply essential lipids to produce signalling molecules, membrane building blocks, and the metabolic energy needed to survive during nutrient poor periods. Highly conserved, robust, and regulated mechanisms ensure these bioenergetic fluxes. Although mitochondria are recognized as the epicentre of metabolic flexibility, the contribution of LDs and LD-proteins is often neglected or considered detrimental. Here, we revisit the key roles of LDs during fasting and the intimate collaboration existing with mitochondria when cells sense and respond to fluctuations in substrate availability.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Autophagy ; Energy Metabolism ; Fasting ; Humans ; Lipid Droplets/metabolism ; Lipid Droplets/ultrastructure ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1312473-0
ISSN	1096-3634 ; 1084-9521
ISSN (online)	1096-3634
ISSN	1084-9521
DOI	10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.010
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Article ; Online: Lipid droplets and the host-pathogen dynamic: FATal attraction?

Bosch, Marta / Sweet, Matthew J / Parton, Robert G / Pol, Albert

The Journal of cell biology

2021 Volume 220, Issue 8

Abstract: In the ongoing conflict between eukaryotic cells and pathogens, lipid droplets (LDs) emerge as a choke point in the battle for nutrients. While many pathogens seek the lipids stored in LDs to fuel an expensive lifestyle, innate immunity rewires lipid ... ...

Abstract	In the ongoing conflict between eukaryotic cells and pathogens, lipid droplets (LDs) emerge as a choke point in the battle for nutrients. While many pathogens seek the lipids stored in LDs to fuel an expensive lifestyle, innate immunity rewires lipid metabolism and weaponizes LDs to defend cells and animals. Viruses, bacteria, and parasites directly and remotely manipulate LDs to obtain substrates for metabolic energy, replication compartments, assembly platforms, membrane blocks, and tools for host colonization and/or evasion such as anti-inflammatory mediators, lipoviroparticles, and even exosomes. Host LDs counterattack such advances by synthesizing bioactive lipids and toxic nucleotides, organizing immune signaling platforms, and recruiting a plethora of antimicrobial proteins to provide a front-line defense against the invader. Here, we review the current state of this conflict. We will discuss why, when, and how LDs efficiently coordinate and precisely execute a plethora of immune defenses. In the age of antimicrobial resistance and viral pandemics, understanding innate immune strategies developed by eukaryotic cells to fight and defeat dangerous microorganisms may inform future anti-infective strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/metabolism ; Bacteria/immunology ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Bacteria/pathogenicity ; Energy Metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Lipid Droplets/immunology ; Lipid Droplets/metabolism ; Parasites/immunology ; Parasites/metabolism ; Parasites/pathogenicity ; Signal Transduction ; Viruses/immunology ; Viruses/metabolism ; Viruses/pathogenicity
Chemical Substances	Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	218154-x
ISSN	1540-8140 ; 0021-9525
ISSN (online)	1540-8140
ISSN	0021-9525
DOI	10.1083/jcb.202104005
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Article: Insights Into the Biogenesis and Emerging Functions of Lipid Droplets From Unbiased Molecular Profiling Approaches.

Sánchez-Álvarez, Miguel / Del Pozo, Miguel Ángel / Bosch, Marta / Pol, Albert

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 901321

Abstract: Lipid droplets (LDs) are spherical, single sheet phospholipid-bound organelles that store neutral lipids in all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes. Initially conceived as relatively inert depots for energy and lipid precursors, these highly dynamic ... ...

Abstract	Lipid droplets (LDs) are spherical, single sheet phospholipid-bound organelles that store neutral lipids in all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes. Initially conceived as relatively inert depots for energy and lipid precursors, these highly dynamic structures play active roles in homeostatic functions beyond metabolism, such as proteostasis and protein turnover, innate immunity and defense. A major share of the knowledge behind this paradigm shift has been enabled by the use of systematic molecular profiling approaches, capable of revealing and describing these non-intuitive systems-level relationships. Here, we discuss these advances and some of the challenges they entail, and highlight standing questions in the field.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2737824-X
ISSN	2296-634X
ISSN	2296-634X
DOI	10.3389/fcell.2022.901321
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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of non-surgical management in rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy (the effect trial): protocol for a randomised clinical trial.

Caballero, Iván / Dueñas, Lirios / Balasch-Bernat, Mercè / Fernández-Matías, Rubén / Bresó-Parra, Luis / Gallego-Terres, Cristina / Aroca Navarro, Jose Enrique / Navarro-Bosch, Marta / Lewis, Jeremy / Lluch Girbés, Enrique

BMJ open

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) e074949

Abstract: Introduction: Rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy (RCCT) involves calcific deposits in the rotator cuff. Non-surgical interventions such as extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and ultrasound-guided percutaneous irrigation of calcific tendinopathy (US- ...

Abstract	Introduction: Rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy (RCCT) involves calcific deposits in the rotator cuff. Non-surgical interventions such as extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and ultrasound-guided percutaneous irrigation of calcific tendinopathy (US-PICT) are recommended for its early management. Exercise therapy (ET) has shown to be an effective intervention for people with rotator cuff tendinopathy, but it has not been formally tested in RCCT. The main objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of an ET programme with ESWT and US-PICT in people with RCCT. As a secondary aim, this study aims to describe the natural history of RCCT. Methods and analysis: A randomised, single-blinded four-group clinical trial will be conducted. Adults from 30 to 75 years diagnosed with RCCT who accomplish eligibility criteria will be recruited. Participants (n=116) will be randomised into four groups: ET group will receive a 12-week rehabilitation programme; ESWT group will receive four sessions with 1 week rest between sessions during 1 month; US-PICT group will receive two sessions with 3 months of rest between sessions; and (actual) wait-and-see group will not receive any intervention during the 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be shoulder pain assessed with the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index at baseline, 2 weeks, 4 months, 6 months and 12 months from baseline. The primary analysis will be performed at 12 months from baseline. Secondary outcomes will include pain, range of motion, patient satisfaction and imaging-related variables. Moreover, the following psychosocial questionnaires with their corresponding outcome measure will be assessed: Central Sensitization Inventory (symptoms related to central sensitization); Pain Catastrophizing Scale (pain catastrophizing); Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia 11 items (fear of movement); Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (fear avoidance behaviour); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety and depression); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (sleep quality); and the EuroQol-5D (quality of life). An intention-to-treat analysis will be performed to reduce the risk of bias using a worst-case and best-case scenario analysis. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics committee approval for this study has been obtained (reference number: 1718862). The results of the main trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number: NCT05478902.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Rotator Cuff/diagnostic imaging ; Shoulder Pain/etiology ; Shoulder Pain/therapy ; Quality of Life ; Tendinopathy/therapy ; Tendinopathy/complications ; Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074949
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Non-caveolar caveolins - duties outside the caves.

Pol, Albert / Morales-Paytuví, Frederic / Bosch, Marta / Parton, Robert G

Journal of cell science

2020 Volume 133, Issue 9

Abstract: Caveolae are invaginations of the plasma membrane that are remarkably abundant in adipocytes, endothelial cells and muscle. Caveolae provide cells with resources for mechanoprotection, can undergo fission from the plasma membrane and can regulate a ... ...

Abstract	Caveolae are invaginations of the plasma membrane that are remarkably abundant in adipocytes, endothelial cells and muscle. Caveolae provide cells with resources for mechanoprotection, can undergo fission from the plasma membrane and can regulate a variety of signaling pathways. Caveolins are fundamental components of caveolae, but many cells, such as hepatocytes and many neurons, express caveolins without forming distinguishable caveolae. Thus, the function of caveolins goes beyond their roles as caveolar components. The membrane-organizing and -sculpting capacities of caveolins, in combination with their complex intracellular trafficking, might contribute to these additional roles. Furthermore, non-caveolar caveolins can potentially interact with proteins normally excluded from caveolae. Here, we revisit the non-canonical roles of caveolins in a variety of cellular contexts including liver, brain, lymphocytes, cilia and cancer cells, as well as consider insights from invertebrate systems. Non-caveolar caveolins can determine the intracellular fluxes of active lipids, including cholesterol and sphingolipids. Accordingly, caveolins directly or remotely control a plethora of lipid-dependent processes such as the endocytosis of specific cargoes, sorting and transport in endocytic compartments, or different signaling pathways. Indeed, loss-of-function of non-caveolar caveolins might contribute to the common phenotypes and pathologies of caveolin-deficient cells and animals.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Caveolae ; Caveolin 1 ; Caves ; Cell Membrane ; Endothelial Cells
Chemical Substances	Caveolin 1
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2993-2
ISSN	1477-9137 ; 0021-9533
ISSN (online)	1477-9137
ISSN	0021-9533
DOI	10.1242/jcs.241562
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Article ; Online: Novel contact sites between lipid droplets, early endosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum.

Parton, Robert G / Bosch, Marta / Steiner, Bernhard / Pol, Albert

Journal of lipid research

2020 Volume 61, Issue 11, Page(s) 1364

MeSH term(s)	Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Humans ; Lipid Droplets/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	80154-9
ISSN	1539-7262 ; 0022-2275
ISSN (online)	1539-7262
ISSN	0022-2275
DOI	10.1194/jlr.ILR120000876
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