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Article: A national study on the resilience of community pharmacists in Lebanon: a cross-sectional survey.

Alameddine, Mohamad / Bou-Karroum, Karen / Hijazi, Mohamad Ali

Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice

2022 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 8

Abstract: Background: Community pharmacists are among the most accessible healthcare professionals and are likely to experience the full brunt of public health crises. In Lebanon, the COVID-19 pandemic, added to a severe economic meltdown, have significantly ... ...

Abstract	Background: Community pharmacists are among the most accessible healthcare professionals and are likely to experience the full brunt of public health crises. In Lebanon, the COVID-19 pandemic, added to a severe economic meltdown, have significantly disrupted an already suffering profession. Methods: The objective of this study was to determine the level of resilience and its relationship to burnout, job satisfaction, intention to quit, and changes in practice. The study utilized a cross-sectional design to survey community pharmacists using an online questionnaire that included the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. All community pharmacists were invited to participate. Multiple logistic regression identified variables significantly associated with the resilience of pharmacists. Results: A total of 459 community pharmacists completed the questionnaire. Respondents had a relatively low resilience level (68.0 ± 13.37). They also had higher scores on the client-related burnout (58.06 ± 17.46), followed by the personal burnout (56.51 ± 16.68) and the work-related burnout (55.75 ± 13.82). In this sample, 52.3% of pharmacists indicated that they are dissatisfied with their job and 41.1% indicated an intention to quit in the coming year. According to multivariate analysis, marital status (ß = 0.38; 95% CI 0.16-0.91; p = 0.03), intention to quit (ß = 0.384; 95% CI 0.149-0.987; p = 0.047), workload (ß = 0.275; 95% CI 0.096-0.783; p = 0.016), perception of safety (ß = 0.267; 95% CI 0.078-0.909; p = 0.035), and personal burnout (ß = 0.321; 95% CI 0.152-0.677; p = 0.003) were independent influencing factors for resilience. Conclusions: Multiple challenges and crises have culminated to the low job satisfaction, high burnout, and high the intention to quit of community pharmacists. This seriously destabilized the labor market of pharmacists which could negatively affect public safety. Effective interventions are essential to enhance the well-being and job satisfaction of pharmacists during public health crisis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2734772-2
ISSN	2052-3211
ISSN	2052-3211
DOI	10.1186/s40545-022-00406-2
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Article ; Online: Resilience of nurses at the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon.

Alameddine, Mohamad / Bou-Karroum, Karen / Ghalayini, Wahida / Abiad, Firas

International journal of nursing sciences

2021 Volume 8, Issue 4, Page(s) 432–438

Abstract: Objective: The study aimed to investigate the level and factors associated with the resilience of nurses practicing at the main COVID-19 referral center in Lebanon.: Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The study aimed to investigate the level and factors associated with the resilience of nurses practicing at the main COVID-19 referral center in Lebanon. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected electronically in the spring of 2020 from 265 nurses. The questionnaire included five sections: demographic characteristics, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, exposure to violence, and resilience levels. Multiple linear regression was used to determine factors associated with resilience. Results: Results showed that the overall score of resilience among nurses was 66.91 ± 13.34. Most nurses were satisfied with their job (67.8%), and most nurses reported that it is unlikely for them to quit their present work in the coming year (76.2%). Over the last year, three-quarters of nurses (74.7%) reported being ever exposed to a form of occupational violence. The resilience of nurses was directly associated with job satisfaction and male gender and inversely associated with intention-to-quit and exposure to violence ( Conclusions: Enhancing the resilience of nurses at the frontline of the COVID-19 pandemic improves their job satisfaction and retention and would help support the effectiveness and efficiency of care services. Nurse managers can regularly investigate the resilience of nurses and offer interventions that would strengthen it, especially at times of crisis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-26
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2800296-9
ISSN	2352-0132 ; 2352-0132
ISSN (online)	2352-0132
ISSN	2352-0132
DOI	10.1016/j.ijnss.2021.08.002
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Article: Determining levels of nurse burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic and Lebanon's political and financial collapse.

Clinton, Michael / Bou-Karroum, Karen / Doumit, Myrna Abdullah / Richa, Nathalie / Alameddine, Mohamad

BMC nursing

2022 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 11

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic compounded political and financial pressures on the nursing workforce in Lebanon. The government resigned in October 2019 in response to the popular uprising that called for an end to corruption and economic ... ...

Abstract	Background: The COVID-19 pandemic compounded political and financial pressures on the nursing workforce in Lebanon. The government resigned in October 2019 in response to the popular uprising that called for an end to corruption and economic mismanagement 5 months before the first COVID-19 case appeared in the country. The continuing crises and the added stress of COVID-19 has increased the risk of occupational burnout and turnover in the nursing workforce. Therefore, valid and reliable measurement is imperative to determine burnout levels, prioritize intervention, and inform evidence-based workforce policy and practice. The primary aim of the study was to delineate burnout levels and cut-points in a national sample of nurses to inform workforce policies and prioritize interventions. Methods: Multidimensional and unidimensional Rasch analyses of burnout data collected from a national convenience sample of 457 hospital nurses 9-12 months after Lebanon's political and economic collapse began. The data were collected in July-October 2020. Results: Multidimensional Rasch analysis confirmed that the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory has three highly correlated unidimensional scales that measure personal burnout, work-related burnout, and client-related burnout. Except for a ceiling effect of ~ 2%, the three scales have excellent measurement properties. For each scale, Rasch rating scale analysis confirmed five statistically different nurse burnout levels. The mean personal burnout scores and work-related burnout scores (50.24, 51.11 respectively) were not higher than those reported in the international literature. However, the mean client-related burnout score of 50.3 was higher than reported for other countries. Compared with a baseline study conducted at the beginning of Lebanon's political and economic crises, only client-related burnout scores were higher p. <.01. Conclusions: The CBI scales are reliable and valid measures for monitoring nurse burnout in crises torn countries. Stakeholders can use the CBI scales to monitor nurse burnout and prioritize burnout interventions. Urgent action is needed to reduce levels of client-related burnout in Lebanon's nursing workforce.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1472-6955
ISSN	1472-6955
DOI	10.1186/s12912-021-00789-8
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Article ; Online: Digital health in fragile states in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: A scoping review of the literature.

El-Jardali, Fadi / Bou-Karroum, Lama / Jabbour, Mathilda / Bou-Karroum, Karen / Aoun, Andrew / Salameh, Sabine / Mecheal, Patricia / Sinha, Chaitali

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) e0285226

Abstract: Introduction: Conflict, fragility and political violence, that are taking place in many countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have devastating effects on health. Digital health technologies can contribute to enhancing the quality, ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Conflict, fragility and political violence, that are taking place in many countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have devastating effects on health. Digital health technologies can contribute to enhancing the quality, accessibility and availability of health care services in fragile and conflict-affected states of the MENA region. To inform future research, investments and policy processes, this scoping review aims to map out the evidence on digital health in fragile states in the MENA region. Method: We conducted a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. We conducted descriptive analysis of the general characteristics of the included papers and thematic analysis of the key findings of included studies categorized by targeted primary users of different digital health intervention. Results: Out of the 10,724 articles identified, we included 93 studies. The included studies mainly focused on digital health interventions targeting healthcare providers, clients and data services, while few studies focused on health systems or organizations managers. Most of the included studies were observational studies (49%). We identified no systematic reviews. Most of the studies were conducted in Lebanon (32%) followed by Afghanistan (13%) and Palestine (12%). The first authors were mainly affiliated with institutions from countries outside the MENA region (57%), mainly United Kingdom and United States. Digital health interventions provided a platform for training, supervision, and consultation for health care providers, continuing education for medical students, and disease self-management. The review also highlighted some implementation considerations for the adoption of digital health such as computer literacy, weak technological infrastructure, and privacy concerns. Conclusion: This review showed that digital health technologies can provide promising solutions in addressing health needs in fragile and conflict-affected states. However, rigorous evaluation of digital technologies in fragile settings and humanitarian crises are needed to inform their design and deployment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Africa, Northern ; Biomedical Technology ; Armed Conflicts ; Middle East
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0285226
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Article ; Online: Upscaling the pharmacy profession in Lebanon: workforce distribution and key improvement opportunities.

Alameddine, Mohamad / Bou Karroum, Karen / Hijazi, Mohamad Ali

Human resources for health

2019 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 47

Abstract: Background: The critical role pharmacists play in the healthcare system necessitates close monitoring of their supply, distribution, and competencies. This is especially relevant considering the global increase in the demand for pharmacists. In Lebanon, ...

Abstract	Background: The critical role pharmacists play in the healthcare system necessitates close monitoring of their supply, distribution, and competencies. This is especially relevant considering the global increase in the demand for pharmacists. In Lebanon, the pharmacy profession is facing several challenges related to the unplanned supply of pharmacists. The aim of the study is to analyze the Order of Pharmacists registration database and generate workforce distribution over the last six decades. Methods: This study entailed a detailed database analysis of a deidentified subset of the Order of Pharmacists in Lebanon registration records for years 1954-2018. The analysis generated workforce distribution in terms of growth in number, distribution by gender, age distribution, geographic location, workforce status, sector of employment, and employment position. A descriptive analysis was carried out with cross-tabulations to identify distribution across selected variables. Results: The pharmacy profession in Lebanon witnessed significant growth over the period of analysis. The "Community" was the most common employment sector (63%), followed by "Pharmaceutical Sector" (24%) and "Hospitals" (5%). The high ratio of pharmacists to 10 000 population (20.3) was contrasted by a low ratio of hospital pharmacist per hospital and per 100 hospital beds (1.9 and 1.7, respectively). The high pharmacist to population ratio is indicative of an oversupply of pharmacists precipitated by poor workforce planning. While oversupply did not result in high unemployment, it may have negatively affected the income of pharmacists and their adherence to the professional and ethical requirements of their job. Despite the large number of pharmacists in Lebanon, findings elicit concerns over the adequacy and safety of pharmacists' services in hospitals with a low ratio of hospital pharmacists to 100 hospital beds. Conclusion: This study unearthed several opportunities and concerns related to planning the supply, distribution, regulation, and the professional scope of practice of pharmacists in Lebanon. A concerted multi-stakeholder effort to address some of the identified challenges will not only improve the professional status of pharmacists but will also enhance the safety and efficiency of pharmaceutical care in the country.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lebanon ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharmaceutical Services ; Pharmacists/supply & distribution
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2126923-3
ISSN	1478-4491 ; 1478-4491
ISSN (online)	1478-4491
ISSN	1478-4491
DOI	10.1186/s12960-019-0386-0
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Article ; Online: A profession in danger: Stakeholders' perspectives on supporting the pharmacy profession in Lebanon.

Alameddine, Mohamad / Bou-Karroum, Karen / Kassas, Sara / Hijazi, Mohamad Ali

PloS one

2020 Volume 15, Issue 11, Page(s) e0242213

Abstract: Background: Lebanon boosts one of the highest pharmacists to population ratios globally (20.3/10,000). Yet, workforce analysis elicited serious concerns with the distribution, practice environments and regulation of Lebanese pharmacists. Recent ... ...

Abstract	Background: Lebanon boosts one of the highest pharmacists to population ratios globally (20.3/10,000). Yet, workforce analysis elicited serious concerns with the distribution, practice environments and regulation of Lebanese pharmacists. Recent workforce data shows that the profession has been majorly destabilized with hundreds of pharmacists closing their pharmacies or losing their employment. Proper planning for the future of the pharmacy profession in Lebanon necessitates a deeper understanding of the current challenges and the necessary policy and practice recommendations. The aim of this study is to examine stakeholders' perspectives on the current pharmacist workforce challenges and the necessary measures to support the profession. Methods: The research team carried out a series of semi-structured interviews with twenty-one key stakeholders within the pharmacy profession in Lebanon. We categorized stakeholders according to their experience as policy makers, practitioners, academicians, and media experts. The interview guide included questions about workforce trends, labor market challenges and recommendations for improvement. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results: Four major themes emerged from this study: the oversupply of pharmacists in Lebanon, the demand supply imbalance, poor regulation of the pharmacy practice, and the difficult practice environment. There was a consensus among interviewees that the oversupply of pharmacists is due to the poor workforce planning and weak regulatory framework, combined with the easy integration of foreign-trained pharmacists into the labor market. The lack of coordination between the educational and practice sectors is further widening the demand-supply gap. Interviewees further revealed that the regulatory policies on pharmacy practice were outdated and/or weakly enforced which increases the risk of unethical practices and erodes the image of pharmacists in the society. With respect to the practice environment, there is an ongoing struggle by Lebanese pharmacists to maintain profitability and exercise their full scope of practice. Conclusion: The poor pharmacy workforce planning and regulation is significantly weakening the pharmacy profession in Lebanon. A concerted effort between the various stakeholders is necessary to enhance workforce planning, regulate supply, optimize the integration of pharmacists into work sectors of need, and improve the financial and professional wellbeing of pharmacists in Lebanon.
MeSH term(s)	Administrative Personnel/psychology ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Lebanon ; Pharmacists/supply & distribution ; Policy ; Professional Role ; Workforce
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0242213
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Article ; Online: Factors Associated With the Resilience of Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Alameddine, Mohamad / Clinton, Michael / Bou-Karroum, Karen / Richa, Nathalie / Doumit, Myrna A A

Worldviews on evidence-based nursing

2021 Volume 18, Issue 6, Page(s) 320–331

Abstract: Background: The delivery of health care during the COVID-19 outbreak imposed significant challenges on the global nursing workforce and placed them at a higher risk of occupational burnout and turnover. In Lebanon, the pandemic hit when nurses were ... ...

Abstract	Background: The delivery of health care during the COVID-19 outbreak imposed significant challenges on the global nursing workforce and placed them at a higher risk of occupational burnout and turnover. In Lebanon, the pandemic hit when nurses were already struggling with an economic collapse caused by government failures. Resilience may play a protective factor against adversity and enable effective adaption to the burden of the pandemic. Aims: To determine the level of resilience in the nursing workforce and its relationship to burnout, intention to quit, and perceived COVID-19 risk. Methods: A cross-sectional study was employed among all registered nurses affiliated with the Order of Nurses in Lebanon and working in patient care positions in hospitals. The online survey questionnaire incorporated the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Quartile scores were used to differentiate levels of resilience and burnout. Multiple logistic regression identified variables significantly associated with resilience. Results: Five-hundred and eleven nurses responded to the questionnaire. Nurses had a moderate level of resilience (M = 72 ± 13.5). In multivariate analyses, being male (OR = 3.67; 95% CI [1.46, 9.22]; p = .006) and having a master's degree (OR = 4.082; 95% CI [1.49, 11.20]; p = .006) were independently associated with higher resilience. Resilience levels decreased with higher personal burnout (OR = 0.12; 95% CI [0.03, 0.435]; p = .001), work-related burnout (OR = 0.14; 95% CI [0.04, 0.46]; p = .001), and client-related burnout rates (OR = 0.09; 95% CI [0.03, 0.34]; p < .001). Nurses reporting the intention to quit their job had lower resilience scores (OR = 0.20; 95% CI [0.04, 0.88]; p = .033). Linking evidence to action: Nursing stakeholders must introduce programs to regularly assess and enhance the resilience of nurses especially at time of crisis. Such programs would protect nurses from the perils of burnout and enhance their retention during times when they are most needed. Protecting nurses from burnout is an ethical imperative as well as an operational requirement.
MeSH term(s)	Burnout, Professional/epidemiology ; COVID-19 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Male ; Nurses ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2401967-7
ISSN	1741-6787 ; 1545-102X
ISSN (online)	1741-6787
ISSN	1545-102X
DOI	10.1111/wvn.12544
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Article ; Online: Patients' and physicians' gender and perspective on shared decision-making: A cross-sectional study from Dubai.

Alameddine, Mohamad / Otaki, Farah / Bou-Karroum, Karen / Du Preez, Leon / Loubser, Pietie / AlGurg, Reem / Alsheikh-Ali, Alawi

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 9, Page(s) e0270700

Abstract: Background: Delivering patient-centered care is a declared objective of many health delivery systems globally, especially in an era of value-based health care. It entails the active engagement of the patients in healthcare decisions related to their ... ...

Abstract	Background: Delivering patient-centered care is a declared objective of many health delivery systems globally, especially in an era of value-based health care. It entails the active engagement of the patients in healthcare decisions related to their health, also known as shared decision making (SDM). Little is known about the role of gender in shaping the perspective of patients on their opportunity for engaging in SDM in the Arabian Gulf Region. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of gender in shaping patients' perspectives toward their opportunity for SDM in Dubai, UAE. Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional survey consisting of sociodemographic questions and the 9-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9). A total of 50 physicians (25 females and 25 males), practicing at a large private healthcare delivery network in Dubai, were recruited using convenience sampling. Ten patients of every recruited physician (5 male and 5 female) were surveyed (i.e., a total of 500 patients). Statistical analysis assessed the differences in patients' perceptions of physician SDM attitude scores by physicians' and patients' gender using independent t-test, ANOVA-test, and Chi-square analyses. Findings: A total of 50 physicians and 500 patients (250 male patients and 250 female patients) participated in this study. The odd of patients agreement was significantly lower for male physicians, compared to their female counterparts, on the following elements of SDM: the doctor precisely explaining the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment (OR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.34-0.88, p = 0.012); the doctor helping them understand the information (OR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.23-0.97, p = 0.038), the doctor asking about preferred treatment option (OR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.35-0.77, p = 0.001), and the doctor thoroughly weighting the different treatment options (OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.41-0.90, p = 0.013). No significant associations were observed between patients' gender and their perception of their opportunity for SDM. Likewise, no significant associations were observed between the same or different physician-patient gender and patients' perception of physicians' SDM attitudes. Statistically significant associations were observed between physician-patient gender and preferred treatment option for patients (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Study findings suggest that while there were no differences in patients' perspective on SDM by the gender of patients, significant differences were observed by the gender of physicians. Female physicians, compared to their male counterparts, were more engaged in SDM, with both male and female patients. Male physician-female patient dyad received the lowest scores on SDM. This could be explained by the cultural, social, and religious sensitivities that infiltrate the physician-patient relationship in the Arab contexts. Despite the multi-cultural nature of the country, some female patients may still experience some discomfort in opening up and in discussion preferences with male physicians. For physicians, striking the right balance between assertiveness and SDM is necessary within the cultural context, especially among male providers. Offering targeted learning and development programs on the importance and practice of SDM is also necessary to ensure equitable opportunity for engagement in SDM for all patients irrespective of the gender of their provider.
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Sectional Studies ; Decision Making ; Decision Making, Shared ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Participation ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Physicians
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0270700
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Article ; Online: Practices and resilience of dieticians during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey in the United Arab Emirates.

Naja, Farah / Radwan, Hadia / Cheikh Ismail, Leila / Hashim, Mona / Rida, Wafaa Helmi / Abu Qiyas, Salma / Bou-Karroum, Karen / Alameddine, Mohamad

Human resources for health

2021 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 141

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the practices and resilience of most healthcare workers, including dieticians. In addition to offering critical care to COVID-19 patients, dieticians play a major role in preventing and managing conditions ... ...

Abstract	Background: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the practices and resilience of most healthcare workers, including dieticians. In addition to offering critical care to COVID-19 patients, dieticians play a major role in preventing and managing conditions known to affect COVID-19, such as obesity and metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to examine the conditions and changes in the work environment as well as resilience and its correlates among dieticians during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: A cross-sectional national survey was conducted among dieticians practicing in the UAE (n = 371), using a web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire addressed, in addition to the sociodemographic information, the practice-related characteristics and resilience of participants. For the latter the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale© was used. Descriptive statistics as well as simple and multiple linear regressions were used in the statistical analysis. Results: Of participants, 26.4% reported not having access to personal protective equipment and 50% indicated being concerned for their safety and health. Furthermore, considerable proportions of participants were not satisfied (45%) with the support nor with the appreciation (37.7%) they received during the pandemic. One in four dieticians considered quitting his/her job. While 65.8% of participants reported counseling COVID-19 patients, a third did not use any online platform for counseling. The most cited challenge to dietetic practice during the pandemic was 'maintaining work-life balance' (43.1%). The mean CD-RISC score was 72.0 ± 14.0. After adjustment, working in a hospital or public clinic (as opposed to private clinic), having a condition preventing face-to-face counseling, considering quitting job and feeling neutral or dissatisfied with the appreciation were associated with lower resilience scores, while counseling COVID-19 patients was associated with higher scores. Conclusions: Despite the fairly high resilience among dieticians practicing in the UAE during the COVID-19 pandemic, the findings of this study highlighted a few challenges, mainly related to safe practice environment, support for online counseling, and maintaining work-life balance. Concerted efforts of policy and decision makers ought to develop targeted programs for dieticians to ensure their retention and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nutritionists ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United Arab Emirates/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1478-4491
ISSN (online)	1478-4491
DOI	10.1186/s12960-021-00682-0
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Article ; Online: Factors associated with self-reported medical errors among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study from Oman.

Al Balushi, Amal Ahmed / Alameddine, Mohamad / Chan, Moon Fai / Al Saadoon, Muna / Bou-Karroum, Karen / Al-Adawi, Samir

International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care

2021 Volume 33, Issue 3

Abstract: Background: Despite efforts to improve patient safety, medical errors remain prevalent among healthcare workers.: Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between self-reported medical errors, occupational outcomes and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Despite efforts to improve patient safety, medical errors remain prevalent among healthcare workers. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between self-reported medical errors, occupational outcomes and socio-demographic variables. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design to survey healthcare workers at a large tertiary hospital in Muscat, Oman. The survey questionnaire included socio-demographic variables, a self-assessment of medical errors, work-life balance, occupational burnout and work-related bullying. Results: A total of 297 healthcare workers participated in this study. In this sample, the average of self-reported medical errors was 5.4 ± 3.3. The prevalence of work-life imbalance, bullying and moderate/high burnout was 90.2%, 31.3% and 19.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that gender, nationality, age, profession, occupational burnout and bullying were significantly associated with self-reported medical error. Being male was associated with higher self-reported medical errors compared to female workers (β = 1.728, P < 0.001). Omani workers reported higher medical errors compared to their non-Omani colleagues (β = 2.668, P < 0.001). Similarly, healthcare workers in a younger age group reported higher medical errors compared with those in the older age group (β = ‒1.334, P < 0.001). Physicians reported higher medical error than nurses (β = 3.126, P < 0.001). Among occupational outcomes, self-reported medical errors increased with higher burnout rates (β = 1.686, P = 0.003) and frequent exposure to bullying (β = 1.609, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Improving patient safety has become paramount in the modern age of quality improvement. In this study, medical errors reported by healthcare workers were strongly related to their degree of burnout and exposure to work-related bullying practice. This study makes a unique and tangible contribution to the current knowledge of medical errors among healthcare workers in Oman.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Burnout, Professional/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Errors ; Oman/epidemiology ; Self Report ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1194150-9
ISSN	1464-3677 ; 1353-4505
ISSN (online)	1464-3677
ISSN	1353-4505
DOI	10.1093/intqhc/mzab102
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