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  1. Article: Biology of the corneal endothelium in health and disease.

    Bourne, W M

    Eye (London, England)

    2003  Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) 912–918

    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Contact Lenses/adverse effects ; Corneal Diseases/etiology ; Corneal Diseases/pathology ; Endothelium, Corneal/pathology ; Endothelium, Corneal/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating/adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 91001-6
    ISSN 1476-5454 ; 0950-222X
    ISSN (online) 1476-5454
    ISSN 0950-222X
    DOI 10.1038/sj.eye.6700559
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: The effect of long-term contact lens wear on the cells of the cornea.

    Bourne, W M

    The CLAO journal : official publication of the Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, Inc

    2001  Volume 27, Issue 4, Page(s) 225–230

    Abstract: Purpose: To review the effects of long-term contact lens wear on the cells of the cornea.: Methods: Published investigations into the effects of long-term contact lens wear on the corneal epithelium, keratocytes, and endothelium were reviewed.: ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To review the effects of long-term contact lens wear on the cells of the cornea.
    Methods: Published investigations into the effects of long-term contact lens wear on the corneal epithelium, keratocytes, and endothelium were reviewed.
    Results: Results from multiple studies indicate that long-term daily wear of contact lenses causes endothelial polymegethism but has no effect on corneal epithelium (thickness, surface cell size); keratocytes (density, stromal reflectivity); or endothelial cell density, permeability, or pump rate. Extended wear also causes no endothelial changes other than polymegethism, but it affects the epithelium (decreased thickness, increased surface cell size) and keratocytes (possible decreased density).
    Conclusions: Investigators have not found detrimental effects on the cells of the cornea from the long-term use of daily wear contact lenses. Although contact lenses cause endothelial polymegethism, no functional deficits ensue. Extended wear lenses may cause changes in all three cell types, but it is not known if these effects are detrimental nor if they occur with newer lenses of higher oxygen transmissibility. Patients can be reassured that modern contact lenses can be worn for many years in daily wear fashion (and possibly in extended wear with lenses of very high oxygen transmissibility) without damaging the cells of the cornea.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Count ; Cell Size ; Contact Lenses ; Cornea/cytology ; Corneal Stroma/cytology ; Endothelium, Corneal/cytology ; Epithelium, Corneal/cytology ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Humans ; Permeability
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604998-9
    ISSN 0733-8902
    ISSN 0733-8902
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  3. Article: Cellular changes in transplanted human corneas.

    Bourne, W M

    Cornea

    2000  Volume 20, Issue 6, Page(s) 560–569

    Abstract: Purpose: To measure endothelial cell and keratocyte densities in transplanted corneas and the changes in these densities with time.: Methods: The endothelia of 500 consecutive penetrating corneal transplants were studied longitudinally by specular ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To measure endothelial cell and keratocyte densities in transplanted corneas and the changes in these densities with time.
    Methods: The endothelia of 500 consecutive penetrating corneal transplants were studied longitudinally by specular microscopy for 10 to 20 years. The keratocytes of 36 corneal transplants that varied in postoperative times from 1 month to 20 years were studied cross-sectionally by clinical confocal microscopy. The keratocytes of five transplanted corneas were studied longitudinally by confocal microscopy at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postkeratoplasty.
    Results: Endothelial cell density decreased progressively at an accelerated rate for 20 years after transplantation, with concurrent increases in the coefficient of variation of cell area and corneal thickness and decreases in the percentage of hexagonal cells. Grafts with insufficient endothelial cells developed late endothelial failure, which was the primary cause of graft failure after the first 5 postoperative years. The grafts with late endothelial failure did not lose endothelial cells faster than grafts that did not fail, but instead had fewer cells immediately after transplantation, diminishing to a critically low cell density earlier. The keratocyte density was also decreased in transplanted corneas. Keratocytes became "activated" during the first week after keratoplasty and in grafts with late endothelial failure.
    Conclusion: It should be possible to prevent or delay late endothelial failure, the primary cause of graft failure, by increasing the number of endothelial cells on transplanted corneas. The status of the keratocytes appears to affect corneal transparency and, thus, visual quality in the grafted eye.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Count ; Corneal Stroma/pathology ; Endothelium, Corneal/pathology ; Graft Rejection/pathology ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating/pathology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Visual Acuity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2000-11-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Biography ; Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Portrait ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604826-2
    ISSN 1536-4798 ; 0277-3740
    ISSN (online) 1536-4798
    ISSN 0277-3740
    DOI 10.1097/00003226-200108000-00002
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  4. Article: Clinical estimation of corneal endothelial pump function.

    Bourne, W M

    Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society

    1998  Volume 96, Page(s) 229–39; discussion 239–42

    Abstract: Purpose: To develop a technique to estimate the corneal endothelial pump rate in human subjects.: Methods: Corneal hydration control is thought to be maintained by a pump-leak mechanism whereby the leak of solutes and fluid across the endothelial ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To develop a technique to estimate the corneal endothelial pump rate in human subjects.
    Methods: Corneal hydration control is thought to be maintained by a pump-leak mechanism whereby the leak of solutes and fluid across the endothelial barrier into the stroma is, in the steady state, exactly balanced by the pumping of solutes and passive fluid transfer across the endothelium to the aqueous humor. Overall corneal hydration control can be measured from the rate at which the swollen cornea thins (deswells), and a measure of the leak can be obtained simultaneously from the endothelial permeability to fluorescein. From the pump-leak hypothesis, the deswelling rate is directly proportional to the pump rate and inversely proportional to the leak rate. The relative endothelial pump rate can be estimated as the product of the normalized deswelling rate and the normalized endothelial permeability. This procedure was used to obtain the relative endothelial pump rate in 41 patients with diabetes mellitus, 12 patients with long-term corneal transplants, 20 long-term wearers of contact lenses, and 19 normal volunteer subjects after the short-term administration of topical dorzolamide.
    Results: The relative endothelial pump rate did not differ significantly from that of control subjects in diabetics, in contact lens wearers, and after dorzolamide administration, but was markedly decreased in the patients with corneal transplants, despite a reduction in permeability (reduced leak).
    Conclusions: This method allows the estimation of both the barrier and pump arms of corneal endothelial function and should be useful in the investigation of causes and mechanisms of functional endothelial insufficiency.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Topical ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Body Water/metabolism ; Contact Lenses ; Corneal Edema/metabolism ; Corneal Transplantation/physiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Endothelium, Corneal/drug effects ; Endothelium, Corneal/metabolism ; Humans ; Permeability ; Reference Values ; Sulfonamides/administration & dosage ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology ; Thiophenes/administration & dosage ; Thiophenes/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Sulfonamides ; Thiophenes ; dorzolamide (9JDX055TW1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1998
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 391375-2
    ISSN 1545-6110 ; 0065-9533
    ISSN (online) 1545-6110
    ISSN 0065-9533
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  5. Article: Indications for keratoplasty.

    Bourne, W M

    Cornea

    1995  Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) 224–225

    MeSH term(s) Cornea/surgery ; Corneal Diseases/classification ; Corneal Diseases/surgery ; Humans ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating
    Language English
    Publishing date 1995-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 604826-2
    ISSN 1536-4798 ; 0277-3740
    ISSN (online) 1536-4798
    ISSN 0277-3740
    DOI 10.1097/00003226-199503000-00021
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  6. Article: Functional measurements on the enlarged endothelial cells of corneal transplants.

    Bourne, W M

    Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society

    1995  Volume 93, Page(s) 65–79; discussion 79–82

    Abstract: Purpose: To measure the morphologic and functional status of the endothelium of long-term corneal transplants.: Methods: We induced hypoxic corneal edema and measured corneal deswelling (expressed as percent recovery per hour, PRPH, over 7 hours) ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To measure the morphologic and functional status of the endothelium of long-term corneal transplants.
    Methods: We induced hypoxic corneal edema and measured corneal deswelling (expressed as percent recovery per hour, PRPH, over 7 hours) with a modified optical pachometer in 12 corneas of 8 patients transplanted 7-18 years previously and in 21 normal adult control subjects. Fluorophotometry and specular microscopy were also performed on each eye. Results in the 2 groups were compared with a 2-tailed Student T test for means.
    Results: The transplanted corneas had significantly decreased PRPH, induced swelling, endothelial permeability to fluorescein, and endothelial cell density compared to the controls, despite a similar estimated open-eye steady-state thickness.
    Conclusions: The markedly enlarged endothelial cells of long-term corneal transplants have a reduced ability to deturgesce the cornea and decreased permeability to small solutes. These findings could result from a reduction in intercellular space that occurs when the number of cells lining the posterior surface of the cornea is substantially decreased.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cell Count ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Corneal Edema/physiopathology ; Endothelium, Corneal/pathology ; Endothelium, Corneal/physiopathology ; Fluorophotometry ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypoxia/physiopathology ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating/physiology ; Middle Aged
    Language English
    Publishing date 1995
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 391375-2
    ISSN 1545-6110 ; 0065-9533
    ISSN (online) 1545-6110
    ISSN 0065-9533
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  7. Article: Corneal preservation: past, present, and future.

    Bourne, W M

    Refractive & corneal surgery

    1991  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 60–61

    Abstract: In the past 15 years, techniques of corneal preservation have progressed from the storage of whole eyes in moist chambers for 24 hours at 4 degrees C to the preservation of isolated corneas for 1 week at 4 degrees C and for 1 month at 34 degrees C. Both ... ...

    Abstract In the past 15 years, techniques of corneal preservation have progressed from the storage of whole eyes in moist chambers for 24 hours at 4 degrees C to the preservation of isolated corneas for 1 week at 4 degrees C and for 1 month at 34 degrees C. Both of the latter techniques display a time-dependent deterioration of corneal tissue during storage. This deterioration has forced a reappraisal of corneal cryopreservation as a method for permanent corneal storage. Future advances will involve: decreasing this time-dependent deterioration by improving current techniques of 4 degrees C storage, and eliminating the deterioration by cryopreservation with a process called vitrification.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Count ; Cornea ; Corneal Transplantation ; Cryopreservation ; Endothelium, Corneal/metabolism ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Organ Preservation/trends
    Language English
    Publishing date 1991-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1077416-6
    ISSN 1042-962X ; 0883-0444 ; 1081-0803
    ISSN 1042-962X ; 0883-0444 ; 1081-0803
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  8. Article: 'No statistically significant difference'. So what?

    Bourne, W M

    Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)

    1987  Volume 105, Issue 1, Page(s) 40–41

    MeSH term(s) Clinical Trials as Topic ; Diagnosis-Related Groups ; Humans ; Statistics as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 1987-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Editorial
    ZDB-ID 211580-3
    ISSN 1538-3601 ; 0003-9950 ; 0093-0326
    ISSN (online) 1538-3601
    ISSN 0003-9950 ; 0093-0326
    DOI 10.1001/archopht.1987.01060010046029
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  9. Article: Results of transplantation of corneas preserved in 2.5% chondroitin sulfate.

    Bourne, W M

    Developments in ophthalmology

    1987  Volume 14, Page(s) 106–109

    Abstract: Thirty-seven corneas were transplanted after preservation in 2.5% chondroitin sulfate at 4 degrees C for 1-13 days (mean = 6.8 days) and compared with 37 corneas transplanted after preservation in M-K medium at 4 degrees C for 1-81 h (mean = 39 h). Two ... ...

    Abstract Thirty-seven corneas were transplanted after preservation in 2.5% chondroitin sulfate at 4 degrees C for 1-13 days (mean = 6.8 days) and compared with 37 corneas transplanted after preservation in M-K medium at 4 degrees C for 1-81 h (mean = 39 h). Two months after keratoplasty the mean endothelial cell loss was 6% in each group. The grafts preserved in K-Sol were significantly thinner 2 months postoperatively. There was a significant positive correlation between preservation time and endothelial cell loss in both groups, with the highest cell losses (greater than or equal to 30%) all occurring after 2 days storage in the M-K group and after 10 days storage in the K-Sol group. These results show that donor corneas should be used as early as feasible and that chondroitin-sulfate-based preservation media can be effectively used to extend donor storage time.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Cell Count ; Chondroitin/analogs & derivatives ; Chondroitin Sulfates ; Cornea/pathology ; Corneal Transplantation ; Endothelium/pathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Solutions ; Tissue Preservation/methods
    Chemical Substances Solutions ; Chondroitin (9007-27-6) ; Chondroitin Sulfates (9007-28-7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1987
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ISSN 0250-3751
    ISSN 0250-3751
    DOI 10.1159/000414373
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  10. Article: Endothelial cell survival on transplanted human corneas preserved at 4 C in 2.5% chondroitin sulfate for one to 13 days.

    Bourne, W M

    American journal of ophthalmology

    1986  Volume 102, Issue 3, Page(s) 382–386

    Abstract: A comparison of transplantation of 37 corneas preserved in 2.5% chondroitin sulfate (K-Sol) at 4 C for one to 13 days (mean, 6.8 days) with those of 37 corneas preserved in McCarey-Kaufman medium at 40 C for one to 81 hours (mean, 39 hours) yielded the ... ...

    Abstract A comparison of transplantation of 37 corneas preserved in 2.5% chondroitin sulfate (K-Sol) at 4 C for one to 13 days (mean, 6.8 days) with those of 37 corneas preserved in McCarey-Kaufman medium at 40 C for one to 81 hours (mean, 39 hours) yielded the following results. The mean endothelial cell loss noted two months after keratoplasty was 6% in each group. The grafts preserved in K-Sol were significantly thinner two months postoperatively. Within the K-Sol group, there was a significant positive correlation between preservation time and both epithelialization time and corneal thickness three weeks after keratoplasty. There was also a significant positive correlation between preservation time and endothelial cell loss in both groups, with the highest cell losses (greater than or equal to 30%) all occurring after two days of storage in the McCarey-Kaufman group and after ten days of storage in the K-Sol group. These results appear to justify the use of chondroitin-sulfate-based preservation media to extend donor storage time; they also indicate that donor corneas should be used as early as feasible.
    MeSH term(s) Chondroitin/therapeutic use ; Corneal Transplantation ; Cryotherapy ; Endothelium ; Humans ; Organ Preservation
    Chemical Substances Chondroitin (9007-27-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1986-09-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 80030-2
    ISSN 1879-1891 ; 0002-9394
    ISSN (online) 1879-1891
    ISSN 0002-9394
    DOI 10.1016/0002-9394(86)90015-2
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