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  1. Article ; Online: Dental caries - not just holes in teeth! A perspective.

    Bowen, W H

    Molecular oral microbiology

    2016  Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 228–233

    Abstract: Cavitation in teeth results from a pathogenic process termed dental caries that has occurred on the tooth surface for weeks or even years. Accumulation of dental plaque (biofilm) on the tooth is usually the first manifestation of the disease. Although ... ...

    Abstract Cavitation in teeth results from a pathogenic process termed dental caries that has occurred on the tooth surface for weeks or even years. Accumulation of dental plaque (biofilm) on the tooth is usually the first manifestation of the disease. Although acid production is the immediate and proximal cause of dissolution of teeth; it is the milieu within which the acid is formed that should be of primary concern. Focusing on the 'critical pH' has detracted attention from the more biological aspects (biofilm formation) of dental caries. Dental caries is unique; it is a biological process occurring on essentially an inert surface. Investigation of the multitude of interactions occurring in plaque ranging from enamel interfaces to surfaces of bacteria and matrices poses challenges worthy of the best scientific minds. The mouth clearly offers unique opportunities to investigate the multi facets of biofilm formation in vivo, generating data that have relevance way beyond the mouth. Prevention of this ubiquitous disease, dental caries, continues to present serious challenges. The public health benefits of fluoride delivered in its various formats are well recognized. Nevertheless, additional preventive approaches are required. Overcoming the rapid clearance of agents from the mouth is particularly challenging. Building on the polymerizing capacity of glucosyltransferases it may be possible to incorporate a therapeutic agent into the matrix plaque, thereby delivering therapeutic agents precisely to where they are needed.
    MeSH term(s) Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Dental Caries/microbiology ; Dental Caries/physiopathology ; Dental Caries/prevention & control ; Dental Caries/therapy ; Dental Plaque/chemistry ; Dental Plaque/microbiology ; Fluorides ; Glucosyltransferases/metabolism ; Humans ; Streptococcus mutans/physiology
    Chemical Substances Acids ; Glucosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.-) ; Fluorides (Q80VPU408O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2537726-7
    ISSN 2041-1014 ; 2041-1006
    ISSN (online) 2041-1014
    ISSN 2041-1006
    DOI 10.1111/omi.12132
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  2. Article ; Online: In memoriam: Dr John A. Gray III.

    Bowen, W H

    Journal of dental research

    2015  Volume 94, Issue 3, Page(s) 393–394

    MeSH term(s) Dental Research/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Societies, Dental/history ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Biography ; Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Portraits
    ZDB-ID 80207-4
    ISSN 1544-0591 ; 0022-0345
    ISSN (online) 1544-0591
    ISSN 0022-0345
    DOI 10.1177/0022034514565649
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  3. Article: Congenital Nævoid Condition of the Left Thigh.

    Bowen, W H

    Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine

    2009  Volume 4, Issue Sect Study Dis Child, Page(s) 193–195

    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-12-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209243-8
    ISSN 0035-9157
    ISSN 0035-9157
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  4. Article: Spasm as a factor in appendicitis.

    BOWEN, W H

    The British journal of surgery

    2008  Volume 35, Issue 137, Page(s) 89–91

    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Appendicitis ; Humans ; Spasm
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-09-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2985-3
    ISSN 0007-1323 ; 0263-1202 ; 1355-7688
    ISSN 0007-1323 ; 0263-1202 ; 1355-7688
    DOI 10.1002/bjs.18003513714
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  5. Article: Henry Klein--a forgotten icon?

    Bowen, W H

    Journal of dental research

    2004  Volume 83, Issue 5, Page(s) 365–367

    MeSH term(s) Dental Caries/history ; Dental Caries/prevention & control ; Fluoridation/history ; Fluorosis, Dental/history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Biography ; Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80207-4
    ISSN 1544-0591 ; 0022-0345
    ISSN (online) 1544-0591
    ISSN 0022-0345
    DOI 10.1177/154405910408300502
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  6. Article ; Online: Biology of Streptococcus mutans-derived glucosyltransferases: role in extracellular matrix formation of cariogenic biofilms.

    Bowen, W H / Koo, H

    Caries research

    2011  Volume 45, Issue 1, Page(s) 69–86

    Abstract: The importance of Streptococcus mutans in the etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries is certainly controversial, in part because excessive attention is paid to the numbers of S. mutans and acid production while the matrix within dental plaque has ... ...

    Abstract The importance of Streptococcus mutans in the etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries is certainly controversial, in part because excessive attention is paid to the numbers of S. mutans and acid production while the matrix within dental plaque has been neglected. S. mutans does not always dominate within plaque; many organisms are equally acidogenic and aciduric. It is also recognized that glucosyltransferases from S. mutans (Gtfs) play critical roles in the development of virulent dental plaque. Gtfs adsorb to enamel synthesizing glucans in situ, providing sites for avid colonization by microorganisms and an insoluble matrix for plaque. Gtfs also adsorb to surfaces of other oral microorganisms converting them to glucan producers. S. mutans expresses 3 genetically distinct Gtfs; each appears to play a different but overlapping role in the formation of virulent plaque. GtfC is adsorbed to enamel within pellicle whereas GtfB binds avidly to bacteria promoting tight cell clustering, and enhancing cohesion of plaque. GtfD forms a soluble, readily metabolizable polysaccharide and acts as a primer for GtfB. The behavior of soluble Gtfs does not mirror that observed with surface-adsorbed enzymes. Furthermore, the structure of polysaccharide matrix changes over time as a result of the action of mutanases and dextranases within plaque. Gtfs at distinct loci offer chemotherapeutic targets to prevent caries. Nevertheless, agents that inhibit Gtfs in solution frequently have a reduced or no effect on adsorbed enzymes. Clearly, conformational changes and reactions of Gtfs on surfaces are complex and modulate the pathogenesis of dental caries in situ, deserving further investigation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Dental Caries/etiology ; Dental Pellicle/chemistry ; Dental Plaque/chemistry ; Dental Plaque/microbiology ; Extracellular Matrix/chemistry ; Glucans/chemistry ; Glucans/metabolism ; Glucosyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Glucosyltransferases/genetics ; Glucosyltransferases/immunology ; Glucosyltransferases/physiology ; Humans ; Polysaccharides ; Streptococcus mutans/enzymology ; Virulence Factors
    Chemical Substances Glucans ; Polysaccharides ; Virulence Factors ; Glucosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-02-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 390575-5
    ISSN 1421-976X ; 0008-6568
    ISSN (online) 1421-976X
    ISSN 0008-6568
    DOI 10.1159/000324598
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  7. Article: Exposure to metal ions and susceptibility to dental caries.

    Bowen, W H

    Journal of dental education

    2001  Volume 65, Issue 10, Page(s) 1046–1053

    Abstract: Results from several epidemiologic studies have shown that there are large differences in the prevalence of dental caries from one region to another within the United States as well as in other countries. It has been postulated that the observed ... ...

    Abstract Results from several epidemiologic studies have shown that there are large differences in the prevalence of dental caries from one region to another within the United States as well as in other countries. It has been postulated that the observed differences may be attributed in part at least to exposure to trace elements such as selenium, vanadium, molybdenum, strontium, and lead. Although data from epidemiologic studies usually support this hypothesis, direct evidence is sparse with the possible exception of exposure to lead. Data from several epidemiologic studies and animal-based research support the concept that lead is a caries-promoting element. Lead mimics calcium in several respects and may affect development of teeth and salivary glands, clearly enhancing susceptibility to dental caries. Elevated blood levels are found most commonly in persons residing in inner cities, particularly among the poor. Many states require blood lead level to be monitored in young children. Where feasible, these records should form part of health history and be available to the treating dental practitioner to ensure that extra preventive procedures may be implemented.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Dental Caries/etiology ; Dental Caries Susceptibility/drug effects ; Dental Enamel/metabolism ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Humans ; Ions ; Lead/adverse effects ; Lead/metabolism ; MEDLINE ; Trace Elements/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Ions ; Trace Elements ; Lead (2P299V784P)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 410579-5
    ISSN 1930-7837 ; 0022-0337
    ISSN (online) 1930-7837
    ISSN 0022-0337
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  8. Article: Wither or whither caries research?

    Bowen, W H

    Caries research

    1999  Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–3

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Age Factors ; Bacteria/growth & development ; Cariostatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Dental Caries/etiology ; Dental Caries/microbiology ; Dental Caries/prevention & control ; Dental Caries Susceptibility ; Dental Plaque/etiology ; Dental Plaque/microbiology ; Diet/adverse effects ; Fluorides/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/physiology ; Saliva/physiology ; Salivary Glands/physiology ; Tooth Remineralization
    Chemical Substances Cariostatic Agents ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; Fluorides (Q80VPU408O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1999
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 390575-5
    ISSN 1421-976X ; 0008-6568
    ISSN (online) 1421-976X
    ISSN 0008-6568
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  9. Article: Developing a research unit and maintaining it.

    Bowen, W H

    European journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe

    1999  Volume 3 Suppl 1, Page(s) 99–103

    MeSH term(s) Dental Research/education ; Dental Research/manpower ; Schools, Dental/organization & administration ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 1999
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1386587-0
    ISSN 1396-5883
    ISSN 1396-5883
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  10. Article: Biology of ; Derived Glucosyltransferases: Role in Extracellular Matrix Formation of Cariogenic Biofilms

    Bowen, W.H. / Koo, H.

    Caries Research

    2011  Volume 45, Issue 1, Page(s) 69–86

    Abstract: The importance of Streptococcus mutans in the etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries is certainly controversial, in part because excessive attention is paid to the numbers of S. mutans and acid production while the matrix within dental plaque has ... ...

    Institution Center for Oral Biology Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Eastman Department of Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y., USA
    Abstract The importance of Streptococcus mutans in the etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries is certainly controversial, in part because excessive attention is paid to the numbers of S. mutans and acid production while the matrix within dental plaque has been neglected. S. mutans does not always dominate within plaque; many organisms are equally acidogenic and aciduric. It is also recognized that glucosyltransferases from S. mutans (Gtfs) play critical roles in the development of virulent dental plaque. Gtfs adsorb to enamel synthesizing glucans in situ, providing sites for avid colonization by microorganisms and an insoluble matrix for plaque. Gtfs also adsorb to surfaces of other oral microorganisms converting them to glucan producers. S. mutans expresses 3 genetically distinct Gtfs; each appears to play a different but overlapping role in the formation of virulent plaque. GtfC is adsorbed to enamel within pellicle whereas GtfB binds avidly to bacteria promoting tight cell clustering, and enhancing cohesion of plaque. GtfD forms a soluble, readily metabolizable polysaccharide and acts as a primer for GtfB. The behavior of soluble Gtfs does not mirror that observed with surface-adsorbed enzymes. Furthermore, the structure of polysaccharide matrix changes over time as a result of the action of mutanases and dextranases within plaque. Gtfs at distinct loci offer chemotherapeutic targets to prevent caries. Nevertheless, agents that inhibit Gtfs in solution frequently have a reduced or no effect on adsorbed enzymes. Clearly, conformational changes and reactions of Gtfs on surfaces are complex and modulate the pathogenesis of dental caries in situ, deserving further investigation.
    Keywords Biofilms ; Dental caries ; Extracellular matrix ; Glucosyltransferases ; Polysaccharides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-02-23
    Publisher S. Karger AG
    Publishing place Basel, Switzerland
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 390575-5
    ISSN 1421-976X ; 0008-6568
    ISSN (online) 1421-976X
    ISSN 0008-6568
    DOI 10.1159/000324598
    Database Karger publisher's database

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