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Article ; Online: Is the Ollerenshaw fasciolosis forecasting model fit for the 21st century?

Howell, Alison / Caminade, Cyril / Brülisauer, Franz / Mitchell, Sian / Williams, Diana

2023 Volume 193, Issue 1, Page(s) e2781

Abstract: Background: The Ollerenshaw forecasting model is based on rainfall and evapotranspiration and has been in use to predict losses from fasciolosis since 1959. We evaluated the performance of the model against observed data.: Methods: Weather data were ... ...

Abstract	Background: The Ollerenshaw forecasting model is based on rainfall and evapotranspiration and has been in use to predict losses from fasciolosis since 1959. We evaluated the performance of the model against observed data. Methods: Weather data were used to calculate, map and plot fasciolosis risk values for each year from 1950 to 2019. We then compared the model's predictions with recorded acute fasciolosis losses in sheep from 2010 to 2019 and calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the model. Results: The forecast risk has varied over time but has not markedly increased over the past 70 years. The model correctly forecasted the highest and lowest incidence years at both the regional and national (Great Britain) levels. However, the sensitivity of the model for predicting fasciolosis losses was poor. Modification to include the full May and October rainfall and evapotranspiration values made only a small improvement. Limitations: Reported acute fasciolosis losses are subject to bias and error due to unreported cases and variations in region size and livestock numbers. Conclusion: The Ollerenshaw forecasting model, in either its original or modified forms, is insufficiently sensitive to be relied upon as a standalone early warning system for farmers.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Sheep ; Fascioliasis/epidemiology ; Fascioliasis/veterinary ; Weather ; Forecasting ; Incidence ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390015-0
ISSN	2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
ISSN (online)	2042-7670
ISSN	0042-4900
DOI	10.1002/vetr.2781
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Article ; Online: Determining the prevalence of antibodies to Salmonella Dublin in dairy herds in Great Britain by quarterly bulk tank testing.

Henderson, Katrina / Mason, Colin / Brülisauer, Franz / Williams, Paul

Preventive veterinary medicine

2022 Volume 208, Page(s) 105776

Abstract: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Dublin has been the most common Salmonella serovar isolated from cattle in Great Britain for the previous 22 years. It can cause a wide variety of clinical presentations and result in significant welfare ... ...

Abstract	Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Dublin has been the most common Salmonella serovar isolated from cattle in Great Britain for the previous 22 years. It can cause a wide variety of clinical presentations and result in significant welfare and productivity concerns in infected herds. Bulk tank antibody testing undertaken every three or four months forms the basis of eradication and monitoring programmes in Denmark and the Netherlands and has been shown to be a sensitive, specific and cost-effective way of establishing seroprevalence and monitoring infection at a herd level. A prevalence estimate based on quarterly bulk tank testing has not been previously carried out in Great Britain. This study recruited 410 herds across Great Britain, who submitted milk samples on a quarterly basis for screening by an ELISA for Salmonella Dublin antibody. Classifying herds according to the Danish eradication scheme classification gave an apparent prevalence of 38% (95% confidence intervals 34-43%) and an estimated true prevalence of 40% (95% confidence intervals 35-45%), taking into account the test sensitivity and specificity. Of the 401 herds which completed the quarterly bulk tank testing, 45% had one or more positive bulk tank results.
MeSH term(s)	Cattle ; Animals ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/diagnosis ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/epidemiology ; Milk/chemistry ; Cattle Diseases/diagnosis ; Prevalence ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Salmonella ; Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	43399-8
ISSN	1873-1716 ; 0167-5877
ISSN (online)	1873-1716
ISSN	0167-5877
DOI	10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105776
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Article ; Online: Determining the prevalence of antibodies to Salmonella Dublin in dairy herds in Great Britain by quarterly bulk tank testing

Henderson, Katrina / Mason, Colin / Brülisauer, Franz / Williams, Paul

Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2022 Nov., v. 208 p.105776-

2022

Abstract	Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Dublin has been the most common Salmonella serovar isolated from cattle in Great Britain for the previous 22 years. It can cause a wide variety of clinical presentations and result in significant welfare and productivity concerns in infected herds. Bulk tank antibody testing undertaken every three or four months forms the basis of eradication and monitoring programmes in Denmark and the Netherlands and has been shown to be a sensitive, specific and cost-effective way of establishing seroprevalence and monitoring infection at a herd level. A prevalence estimate based on quarterly bulk tank testing has not been previously carried out in Great Britain. This study recruited 410 herds across Great Britain, who submitted milk samples on a quarterly basis for screening by an ELISA for Salmonella Dublin antibody. Classifying herds according to the Danish eradication scheme classification gave an apparent prevalence of 38% (95% confidence intervals 34-43%) and an estimated true prevalence of 40% (95% confidence intervals 35-45%), taking into account the test sensitivity and specificity. Of the 401 herds which completed the quarterly bulk tank testing, 45% had one or more positive bulk tank results.
Keywords	Salmonella Dublin ; antibodies ; cattle ; cost effectiveness ; herds ; milk ; seroprevalence ; serotypes ; veterinary medicine ; Denmark ; Great Britain ; Netherlands ; Prevalence ; Dairy herd
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	43399-8
ISSN	1873-1716 ; 0167-5877
ISSN (online)	1873-1716
ISSN	0167-5877
DOI	10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105776
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Is the Ollerenshaw fasciolosis forecasting model fit for the 21st century?

Howell, Alison / Caminade, Cyril / Brülisauer, Franz / Mitchell, Sian / Williams, Diana

Veterinary Record. 2023 July 8, v. 193, no. 1 p.e2781-

2023

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Ollerenshaw forecasting model is based on rainfall and evapotranspiration and has been in use to predict losses from fasciolosis since 1959. We evaluated the performance of the model against observed data. METHODS: Weather data were used ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: The Ollerenshaw forecasting model is based on rainfall and evapotranspiration and has been in use to predict losses from fasciolosis since 1959. We evaluated the performance of the model against observed data. METHODS: Weather data were used to calculate, map and plot fasciolosis risk values for each year from 1950 to 2019. We then compared the model's predictions with recorded acute fasciolosis losses in sheep from 2010 to 2019 and calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the model. RESULTS: The forecast risk has varied over time but has not markedly increased over the past 70 years. The model correctly forecasted the highest and lowest incidence years at both the regional and national (Great Britain) levels. However, the sensitivity of the model for predicting fasciolosis losses was poor. Modification to include the full May and October rainfall and evapotranspiration values made only a small improvement. LIMITATIONS: Reported acute fasciolosis losses are subject to bias and error due to unreported cases and variations in region size and livestock numbers. CONCLUSION: The Ollerenshaw forecasting model, in either its original or modified forms, is insufficiently sensitive to be relied upon as a standalone early warning system for farmers.
Keywords	evapotranspiration ; fascioliasis ; meteorological data ; model validation ; models ; rain ; risk ; sheep ; Great Britain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0708
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	390015-0
ISSN	2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
ISSN (online)	2042-7670
ISSN	0042-4900
DOI	10.1002/vetr.2781
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Social media network analysis of Smallholder livestock farming communities in the United Kingdom.

Munaf, Samuel / Swingler, Kevin / Brulisauer, Franz / O'Hare, Anthony / Gunn, George / Reeves, Aaron

Heliyon

2023 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) e23265

Abstract: The creation of targeted policies and actions to help small-scale livestock keepers and reduce the risks associated with disease outbreaks in this sector is hampered by the scarcity of information about smallholder farmers. Smallholders play a crucial ... ...

Abstract	The creation of targeted policies and actions to help small-scale livestock keepers and reduce the risks associated with disease outbreaks in this sector is hampered by the scarcity of information about smallholder farmers. Smallholders play a crucial part in disease outbreaks containment, hence there is a need for better monitoring methods that take this population into account while gathering data. According to the literature, these communities frequently use social media as a channel for communication and information exchange. In this study we conducted social network analysis of an influential smallholder within the UK and visualised the user follower network. Additionally, we performed influential user analysis, Twitter user categorisation, and community detection to uncover more insights into the livestock farming networks. Our findings reveal distinct communities within the smallholder farming sector and identify influential users with the potential to impact information dissemination and animal health practices. The study also highlights the role of community structure in surveillance and control of animal diseases and emphasises the need for further research to refine our understanding of these communities and their unique characteristics. This work contributes to the growing body of literature on small-scale livestock farming in the UK and underscores the importance of incorporating smallholder communities into disease surveillance and control efforts.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23265
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Loss-of-function variant in the ovine TMCO6 gene in North Country Cheviot sheep with motor neuron disease.

Letko, Anna / Brülisauer, Franz / Häfliger, Irene M / Corr, Eilidh / Scholes, Sandra / Drögemüller, Cord

Genomics

2023 Volume 115, Issue 5, Page(s) 110689

Abstract: In North Country Cheviot lambs with early-onset progressive ataxia and motor neuron degeneration, whole-genome sequencing identified a homozygous loss-of-function variant in the ovine transmembrane and coiled-coil domains (TMCO6) gene. The familial ... ...

Abstract	In North Country Cheviot lambs with early-onset progressive ataxia and motor neuron degeneration, whole-genome sequencing identified a homozygous loss-of-function variant in the ovine transmembrane and coiled-coil domains (TMCO6) gene. The familial recessive form of motor neuron disease in sheep is due to a pathogenic 4 bp deletion leading to a 50% protein truncation that is assumed to result in the absence of a functional TMCO6. This uncharacterised protein is proposed to interact with ubiquilin 1 which is associated with Alzheimer's disease, whereas sporadic forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are caused by variants in UBQLN2. Our findings provide a first spontaneous animal model for TMCO6, which could have implications in the studies of other comparative neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, these results will allow the design of a genetic test to prevent the occurrence of this fatal disease in the affected sheep population.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	356334-0
ISSN	1089-8646 ; 0888-7543
ISSN (online)	1089-8646
ISSN	0888-7543
DOI	10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110689
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Article: Corrigendum: Evaluations of the disease surveillance centre network in Scotland: what parts has it reached?

Duncan, Andrew J / Eze, Jude I / Brülisauer, Franz / Stirling, Julie M / Jennings, Amy / Tongue, Sue C

Frontiers in veterinary science

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1192445

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1099057.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1099057.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2023.1192445
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Evaluations of the Disease Surveillance Centre network in Scotland: What parts has it reached?

Duncan, Andrew J / Eze, Jude I / Brülisauer, Franz / Stirling, Julie M / Jennings, Amy / Tongue, Sue C

Frontiers in veterinary science

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1099057

Abstract: Regular evaluation is a prerequisite for systems that provide surveillance of animal populations. Scotland's Rural College Veterinary Services' Disease Surveillance Centre (DSC) network plays an integral part in surveillance to detect new and re-emerging ...

Abstract	Regular evaluation is a prerequisite for systems that provide surveillance of animal populations. Scotland's Rural College Veterinary Services' Disease Surveillance Centre (DSC) network plays an integral part in surveillance to detect new and re-emerging threats within animal populations, predominantly livestock. In response to surveillance reviews and proposed changes to the network, an initial evaluation of diagnostic submissions data in 2010 to mid-2012 established a baseline “footprint,” while highlighting challenges with the data. In this recent evaluation for the period 2013–2018, we developed a new denominator using a combination of agricultural census and movement data, to identify relevant holdings more accurately. Iterative discussions between those processing submissions data and those involved in collection at source took place to understand the intricacies of the data, establish the most appropriate dataset, and develop the processes required to optimise the data extraction and cleansing. The subsequent descriptive analysis identifies the number of diagnostic submissions, the number of unique holdings making submissions to the network and shows that both the surrounding geographic region of, and maximum distance to the closest DSC vary greatly between centres. Analysis of those submissions classed as farm animal post-mortems also highlights the effect of distance to the closest DSC. Whether specific differences between the time periods are due to changes in the behavior of the submitting holdings or the data extraction and cleaning processes was difficult to disentangle. However, with the improved techniques producing better data to work with, a new baseline footprint for the network has been created. This provides information that can help policy makers and surveillance providers make decisions about service provision and evaluate the impact of future changes. Additionally, the outputs of these analyses can provide feedback to those employed in the service, providing evidence of what they are achieving and why changes to data collection processes and ways of working are being made. In a different setting, other data will be available and different challenges may arise. However, the fundamental principles highlighted in these evaluations and the solutions developed should be of interest to any surveillance providers generating similar diagnostic data.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2023.1099057
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Spatio-temporal evaluation of social media as a tool for livestock disease surveillance.

Munaf, Samuel / Swingler, Kevin / Brülisauer, Franz / O'Hare, Anthony / Gunn, George / Reeves, Aaron

One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

2023 Volume 17, Page(s) 100657

Abstract: Recent outbreaks of Avian Influenza across Europe have highlighted the potential for syndromic surveillance systems that consider other modes of data, namely social media. This study investigates the feasibility of using social media, primarily Twitter, ... ...

Abstract	Recent outbreaks of Avian Influenza across Europe have highlighted the potential for syndromic surveillance systems that consider other modes of data, namely social media. This study investigates the feasibility of using social media, primarily Twitter, to monitor illness outbreaks such as avian flu. Using temporal, geographical, and correlation analyses, we investigated the association between avian influenza tweets and officially verified cases in the United Kingdom in 2021 and 2022. Pearson correlation coefficient, bivariate Moran's I analysis and time series analysis, were among the methodologies used. The findings show a weak, statistically insignificant relationship between the number of tweets and confirmed cases in a temporal context, implying that relying simply on social media data for surveillance may be insufficient. The spatial analysis provided insights into the overlaps between confirmed cases and tweet locations, shedding light on regionally targeted interventions during outbreaks. Although social media can be useful for understanding public sentiment and concerns during outbreaks, it must be combined with traditional surveillance methods and official data sources for a more accurate and comprehensive approach. Improved data mining techniques and real-time analysis can improve outbreak detection and response even further. This study underscores the need of having a strong surveillance system in place to properly monitor and manage disease outbreaks and protect public health.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-26
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834831-X
ISSN	2352-7714
ISSN	2352-7714
DOI	10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100657
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Article ; Online: Investigating hill sheep farmers and crofters' experiences of blackloss in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland.

McAuliffe, Fiona / McLaren, Ann / Sargison, Neil / Brülisauer, Franz / Kent, Andrew / McCracken, Davy

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) e0298255

Abstract: Hill sheep farming is an important component of Scottish agriculture and comprises a significant land use in much of the Highlands and Islands. However it faces significant challenges due to the natural constraints of the landscape. Hill sheep farming ... ...

Abstract	Hill sheep farming is an important component of Scottish agriculture and comprises a significant land use in much of the Highlands and Islands. However it faces significant challenges due to the natural constraints of the landscape. Hill sheep farming uses hardy traditional breeds, such as the Scottish blackface and North Country Cheviot to graze extensive areas, where the sheep are not housed and tend to lamb on the open hill. Flocks are gathered several times a year for stock checks, husbandry, and health treatments. Between these handling events, stock will disappear and be unaccounted for. These unexplained losses are known as blackloss in the Highlands and Islands. Previously reported figures for annual lamb blackloss give an average of 18.6%. These losses are in addition to the known losses of lambs and represent a significant welfare and sustainability issue. High parasite burdens, predation, a photosensitisation disease known as plochteach or yellowses, and poor nutrition are often given as presumed reasons for blackloss. A questionnaire was developed to assess the experiences, impacts and understanding flock managers have of blackloss. Typology analysis using partitioning around medoids was used to cluster respondents into three distinct groups: 1- very large extensive farms and Sheep Stock Clubs, 2- medium sized farms, and 3- small-scale crofts. The responses of these groups were subsequently analysed to see if their experiences and perceptions of blackloss differed with relation to lamb health challenges and predation impacts. The groups reported similar health challenges, apart from Group 1 which had a significantly higher plochteach challenge. In terms of predators, Group 1 also perceived white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) as a much higher threat to their lambs than the other groups. It was observed that many of the respondents believed blackloss is inevitable and that predators pose a large threat to lambs. However, most agreed that reducing these losses is important and that understanding the causes would enable them to do so.
MeSH term(s)	Sheep ; Animals ; Humans ; Farmers ; Scotland ; Agriculture ; Farms ; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology ; Sheep Diseases/parasitology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0298255
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