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  1. Article ; Online: Virus-related Knowledge in Covid-19 Times - Results from two Cross-sectional Studies in Austria and Implications for School.

    Bracko, Marc / Simon, Uwe Karsten

    International journal of biological sciences

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) 1627–1650

    Abstract: Viruses have become a prominent issue in public health, politics and economics due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Yet they have still met little attention in educational research, although misconceptions concerning viruses may contribute to antibiotics misuse, ...

    Abstract Viruses have become a prominent issue in public health, politics and economics due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Yet they have still met little attention in educational research, although misconceptions concerning viruses may contribute to antibiotics misuse, disbelief in existence of viruses and distrust in vaccination. We investigated knowledge and attitudes in Austria concerning Covid-19, viruses in general and vaccination. We conducted two cross-sectional online surveys. Study A was performed Austrian-wide (N = 1027), study B specifically targeted Austrian students from middle and high schools (N = 1728). Several participants did not believe in the existence of SARS-CoV-2. General vaccination damage was highly overrated. Many defined viruses as unicellular organisms or bacteria, and 6-10 % believed that they can be killed by antibiotics. Very many participants were unable to identify, whether a specific disease was caused by a virus or another pathogen. Knowledge was significantly correlated with level of education/grade and interest in virology. Additionally, willingness to become vaccinated was significantly correlated with knowledge. Many participants felt insufficiently informed about viruses at school. We strongly recommend that virus-related school education must highly improve to enable the population to correctly assess health-related information, counter fake news and come to scientifically informed decisions.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Austria/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/psychology ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Schools ; Students/psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; Vaccination/psychology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-31
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2179208-2
    ISSN 1449-2288 ; 1449-2288
    ISSN (online) 1449-2288
    ISSN 1449-2288
    DOI 10.7150/ijbs.69224
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Evaluation of DNA content in epithelial hyperplastic lesions of the larynx.

    Bracko, M

    Acta oto-laryngologica. Supplementum

    1997  Volume 527, Page(s) 62–65

    Abstract: Quantification of cellular DNA by image or flow cytometry has achieved acceptance as an objective and reproducible component of diagnostic pathology. Although the majority of investigations have focused on the prognostic utility of DNA content ... ...

    Abstract Quantification of cellular DNA by image or flow cytometry has achieved acceptance as an objective and reproducible component of diagnostic pathology. Although the majority of investigations have focused on the prognostic utility of DNA content measurements in malignant neoplasms, the detection of abnormal DNA content can also be useful for the detection of early neoplasia or premalignant change. Several studies of laryngeal epithelial hyperplastic lesions by image cytometry have shown that a proportion of these lesions exhibit abnormal DNA content and that the incidence of this finding correlates with the degree of dysplasia or atypia. Similar results were obtained by flow cytometry, which has only rarely been used for investigation of these lesions. Although there is some evidence that lesions with abnormal DNA content are more likely to progress to carcinoma, additional studies are needed to define the clinical importance of DNA cytometry in hyperplastic epithelial lesions of the larynx.
    MeSH term(s) DNA/analysis ; DNA, Neoplasm/analysis ; Epithelium/pathology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Image Cytometry ; Laryngeal Diseases/diagnosis ; Laryngeal Diseases/genetics ; Laryngeal Mucosa/pathology ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/genetics ; Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis ; Precancerous Conditions/genetics
    Chemical Substances DNA, Neoplasm ; DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1997
    Publishing country Norway
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0365-5237
    ISSN 0365-5237
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Grading of follicular lymphoma in cytological samples.

    Klopčič, U / Lavrenčak, J / Gašljević, G / Bračko, M / Pohar-Marinšek, Ž / Kloboves-Prevodnik, V

    Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology

    2016  Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 390–397

    Abstract: Objective: The treatment of follicular lymphoma (FL) depends on its grade. The current World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues recommends the grading of FL on histological samples according ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The treatment of follicular lymphoma (FL) depends on its grade. The current World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues recommends the grading of FL on histological samples according to the Mann and Berard method, taking into consideration the number of centroblasts. There is no generally accepted method for the grading of FL in fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples. The aim of the present study was to devise a grading system for FL in cytological samples.
    Methods: Flow cytometry (FC) was performed on 60 FNAB samples of patients with primary FL. We assumed that FL cells larger than reactive T lymphocytes on FC histograms corresponded to centroblasts. The percentage of large cells was calculated and compared with histological grade, proliferative activity and number of centroblasts per high-power field (HPF) on histological slides, and with survival.
    Results: The histological analysis of lymph nodes revealed 20 patients with high-grade and 40 patients with low-grade FL. The percentage of large cells in FNAB samples correlated significantly with histological grade (P = 0.02), MIB1 status (P < 0.001) and the number of centroblasts per HPF (P < 0.001). An age over 60 years and a percentage of large cells over 50% in FNAB samples were found to have a statistically significant impact on survival by univariate analysis (P = 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively).
    Conclusions: The percentage of large lymphoma cells in FNAB samples of FL determined by FC can be used as a reliable method for FL grading, as it is comparable with the histological grading system.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Cytodiagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Lymphoma, Follicular/diagnosis ; Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1034190-0
    ISSN 1365-2303 ; 0956-5507 ; 1350-4037
    ISSN (online) 1365-2303
    ISSN 0956-5507 ; 1350-4037
    DOI 10.1111/cyt.12319
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Risk factors for late relapse and death in patients with early breast cancer.

    Grasic-Kuhar, C / Bracko, M / Zakotnik, B

    Neoplasma

    2008  Volume 55, Issue 5, Page(s) 416–420

    Abstract: Adjuvant treatments reduce the risk for recurrence and death from breast cancer; but even 10-15 years after diagnosis, these risks persist. The aim of our study was to identify prognostic factors for relapse and death in the second decade after primary ... ...

    Abstract Adjuvant treatments reduce the risk for recurrence and death from breast cancer; but even 10-15 years after diagnosis, these risks persist. The aim of our study was to identify prognostic factors for relapse and death in the second decade after primary surgery. Patients with early breast cancer treated from 1983-1987 (n=1035) were included. Patients' characteristics, tumor prognostic factors, treatments, data on recurrence and death were obtained from patients' charts and our cancer registry. Median follow-up was 17 (1-23) years. At 10 years after surgery, 515 (49.8%) patients were alive and of them 432 (41.7%) were relapse-free. Of the 432 patients being alive and relapse-free at 10 years 153 (35.4%) had an event thereafter, of them 38 (25%, 9% of all) had a relapse of breast cancer. For this period only the presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and positive estrogen receptors (ER) were found as independent unfavorable prognostic factors for relapse-free (HR 2.09, p=0.007; HR 1.50, p=0.021, respectively) and overall survival (HR 2.15, p=0.006; HR 1.41, p=0.05, respectively) while tumor size, grade and nodal status had no prognostic significance. Positive ER and LVI are independent prognostic factors for relapse and death in the second decade after surgery in patients with early breast cancer.
    MeSH term(s) Breast Neoplasms/mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Survival Analysis ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Estrogen
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008
    Publishing country Slovakia
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 415445-9
    ISSN 0028-2685
    ISSN 0028-2685
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  5. Article: Cytological features of benign mesothelial inclusions in lymph node: a case report of a patient presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy after in vitro fertilization.

    Kloboves-Prevodnik, V / Repse-Fokter, A / Bracko, M

    Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology

    2007  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 56–58

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Epithelium/pathology ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro/adverse effects ; Fertilization in Vitro/methods ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Lymphatic Diseases/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1034190-0
    ISSN 1365-2303 ; 0956-5507 ; 1350-4037
    ISSN (online) 1365-2303
    ISSN 0956-5507 ; 1350-4037
    DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2007.00365.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Myeloid metaplasia of the breast.

    Cufer, T / Bracko, M

    Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology

    2001  Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) 267–270

    Abstract: Hereby, we present the case of a 50-year-old woman with 5-year history of chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis who was referred to our institution after she had noted a lump in the breast. Histological examination of the lesion removed from her left breast ... ...

    Abstract Hereby, we present the case of a 50-year-old woman with 5-year history of chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis who was referred to our institution after she had noted a lump in the breast. Histological examination of the lesion removed from her left breast yielded the diagnosis of extramedullary hematopoiesis in the breast. On the basis of our experience in this particular patient and on the basis of the data in the literature, we discuss the value of different more or less invasive diagnostic procedures, such as sonography, mammography, fine needle aspiration biopsy and surgical excision with histological examination of removed tissue in obtaining the diagnosis of myeloid metaplasia in breast.
    MeSH term(s) Biopsy, Needle ; Breast Diseases/diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Middle Aged ; Primary Myelofibrosis/diagnosis ; Ultrasonography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1025984-3
    ISSN 1569-8041 ; 0923-7534
    ISSN (online) 1569-8041
    ISSN 0923-7534
    DOI 10.1023/a:1008318607924
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  7. Article: Long term prognostic value of Nottingham histological grade and its components in early (pT1N0M0) breast carcinoma.

    Frkovic-Grazio, S / Bracko, M

    Journal of clinical pathology

    2001  Volume 55, Issue 2, Page(s) 88–92

    Abstract: Aims: To determine the prognostic usefulness of the Nottingham histological grade (NHG) and its components in a series of 270 patients with stage pT1N0M0 breast cancer with a median follow up of 12.5 years.: Methods: Microscopic slides were re- ... ...

    Abstract Aims: To determine the prognostic usefulness of the Nottingham histological grade (NHG) and its components in a series of 270 patients with stage pT1N0M0 breast cancer with a median follow up of 12.5 years.
    Methods: Microscopic slides were re-examined and the degree of tubule formation, nuclear pleomorphism, and mitotic counts were assessed and scored according to the suggested guidelines. The association with cancer specific survival (CSS) was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.
    Results: Whereas tumour size, patient age, menopausal status, type of surgery, or adjuvant treatment were not related to prognosis, histological type (p < 0.01) and NHG (p < 0.005) were associated with CSS. When evaluating the components of NHG separately, survival was not related to the score for pleomorphism, but was significantly better in tumours with score 1 or 2 for tubule formation (p < 0.007) and in those with score 1 for mitotic counts (p < 0.006). The two components retained independent significance in multivariate analysis. When the proposed cut off points for mitotic counts were replaced by lower ones based on tertile values, the mitotic index became the strongest prognostic factor (p = 0.0001) and histological type was the only additional factor of independent prognostic significance.
    Conclusions: These findings confirm the prognostic value of NHG in pT1N0M0 breast carcinoma, show that the evaluation of tubule formation and mitotic rate provides independent prognostic information, and suggest that the proposed cut off points for mitotic counts may be too high for this particular group of tumours.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analysis of Variance ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mitotic Index ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Slovenia ; Survival Rate
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-02-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80261-x
    ISSN 1472-4146 ; 0021-9746
    ISSN (online) 1472-4146
    ISSN 0021-9746
    DOI 10.1136/jcp.55.2.88
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: On-ice performance characteristics of elite and non-elite women's ice hockey players.

    Bracko, M R

    Journal of strength and conditioning research

    2001  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 42–47

    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare skating performance and on-ice fitness of elite and non-elite women's ice hockey players. Twenty-three players who were participants in an organized women's hockey training program were tested. Seven of the elite ... ...

    Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare skating performance and on-ice fitness of elite and non-elite women's ice hockey players. Twenty-three players who were participants in an organized women's hockey training program were tested. Seven of the elite players were members of the 1996/ 1997 Canadian National Team and 1 was from the Finnish National Team. Skating tests included (a) agility cornering S turn (AGL), (b) 6.10-m acceleration (ACC), (c) 47.85-m speed (SPD), (d) 15.20-m full speed (FSPD), and (e) Reed repeat sprint skate test (RRS). Elite players were older (25 +/- 5.34 vs. 19 +/- 2.65 years) and had better performance in the following variables: FSPD (1.88 +/- 0.11 vs. 1.96 +/- 0.86 seconds); RRS, drop-off percent (23.25 +/- 5.85% vs. 34.98 +/- 8.45%), drop-off time (3.43 +/- 0.78 vs. 5.35 +/- 1.23 seconds); sum of 6 repeats (101.96 +/- 2.74 vs. 112.78 +/- 4.61 seconds); and anaerobic capacity (AnCap; 5.35 +/- 0.14 W x kg(-1) vs. 4.87 +/- 0.19 W x kg(-1)) as calculated by the formulas of Watson and Sargeant (23). These results suggest that elite women's ice hockey players are older, faster skaters; have a better drop-off percent, drop-off time, and sum of 6 repeats in a repeat skate test; and have greater on-ice anaerobic capacity than non-elite players.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Exercise/physiology ; Female ; Hockey/physiology ; Humans ; Physical Education and Training/methods ; Physical Fitness ; Task Performance and Analysis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1156349-7
    ISSN 1533-4287 ; 1064-8011
    ISSN (online) 1533-4287
    ISSN 1064-8011
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  9. Article: Rhabdomyosarcoma. Cytomorphology, subtyping and differential diagnostic dilemmas.

    Pohar-Marinsek, Z / Bracko, M

    Acta cytologica

    2000  Volume 44, Issue 4, Page(s) 524–532

    Abstract: Objective: To identify morphologic characteristics and architectural patterns of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), to attempt a subclassification from fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) smears and to point out some differential diagnostic problems.: Study ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To identify morphologic characteristics and architectural patterns of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), to attempt a subclassification from fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) smears and to point out some differential diagnostic problems.
    Study design: We reviewed all positive cytologic material from 53 patients with RMS whose diagnoses were histologically and/or immunocytochemically confirmed. We analyzed several morphologic features and identified architectural patterns of smears.
    Results: Among alveolar RMS, we identified two major architectural patterns: one containing completely dissociated cells and one containing many chance formations. Among the embryonal type, the predominant architectural pattern contained large tissue fragments with abundant eosinophilic material and various numbers of dissociated cells. The pattern of only dissociated cells was similar to the one seen in the alveolar type. The relative proportion of poorly to better and well-differentiated rhabdomyoblasts varied in both types and in all patterns.
    Conclusion: RMS exhibits a variety of morphologic pictures regarding cellular morphology and architectural patterns, even within the same histologic subtype. Therefore, a reliable subclassification into alveolar and embryonal RMS cannot be made from FNAB smears. The embryonal type can be suggested in cases containing large tissue fragments with abundant eosinophilic material and small, tightly packed cells with oval nuclei. However, all cases suspected to be RMS must always be confirmed immunocytochemically since they could be confused with some benign and malignant tumors with similar morphology.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy, Needle ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rhabdomyosarcoma/classification ; Rhabdomyosarcoma/diagnosis ; Rhabdomyosarcoma/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2000-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80003-x
    ISSN 1938-2650 ; 0001-5547
    ISSN (online) 1938-2650
    ISSN 0001-5547
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  10. Article: Prognostic value of clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical markers in stage II colon cancer patients.

    Stor, Z / Frković, G S / Bracko, M / Repse, S

    Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica

    2008  Volume 55, Issue 3, Page(s) 39–44

    Abstract: Background/aims: The purpose of our analysis was to determine the prognostic value of molecular markers for identifying high-risk TNM stage II colon cancer patients, the association with various clinical and pathological features, and possible relation ... ...

    Abstract Background/aims: The purpose of our analysis was to determine the prognostic value of molecular markers for identifying high-risk TNM stage II colon cancer patients, the association with various clinical and pathological features, and possible relation to survival.
    Methods: In 191 colon cancer patients who underwent a potentially curative resection, clinical and pathological factors (age, tumour site, histological grade of malignancy, pT stage, presence of venous, lymphatic and perineural invasion) and tumour molecular markers were analysed. Molecular markers were assessed immunohistochemically in sections of paraffin-embedded tissues. Patients were followed for a median of 8.7 years. The 5-year survival rate was estimated using the the Kaplan-Meier statistical method.
    Results: From 1. Jan. 1994 to 31. Dec. 2000, 191 patients underwent radical resection for T3-4 N0M0 colorectal cancer without adjuvant chemotherapy. A significant decrease in survival was identified in older patients, patients with tumours pT4 and with perineural invasion. We found no significant differences in survival of patients with expression of MLH1, Cyclin D1 and reduced overexpression of E-cadherin.
    Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that the presence of perineural invasion, pT4 stage and the patient's age are significantly correlated with the expected survival in radically resected TNM stage II colon cancer patients, while immunohistochemical markers are not related to survival.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/analysis ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Cadherins/analysis ; Carcinoma/diagnosis ; Carcinoma/mortality ; Carcinoma/pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Colonic Neoplasms/mortality ; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms/therapy ; Cyclin D1/analysis ; DNA Repair Enzymes/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; MutL Protein Homolog 1 ; Nuclear Proteins/analysis ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate
    Chemical Substances Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Cadherins ; MLH1 protein, human ; Nuclear Proteins ; Cyclin D1 (136601-57-5) ; MutL Protein Homolog 1 (EC 3.6.1.3) ; DNA Repair Enzymes (EC 6.5.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-08-19
    Publishing country Serbia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 428721-6
    ISSN 0354-950X ; 0001-5474
    ISSN 0354-950X ; 0001-5474
    DOI 10.2298/aci0803039s
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