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  1. AU="Braasch, Marco"
  2. AU="Buitendijk, Maarten"
  3. AU="Vollmuth, Veronika"
  4. AU=Kobayashi Tetsuo
  5. AU="Grabauskas, Titas"
  6. AU=Sra Harnoor Kaur
  7. AU="Petra Macaskill"
  8. AU=Bramwell Edwin
  9. AU="Enríquez, Paula"
  10. AU="Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur"
  11. AU="Fernandes, Adriana Barrinha"
  12. AU="Goodwin, David G"
  13. AU="Hill, Jonathan C"
  14. AU="Chankasingh, Kyle"
  15. AU="Narayanasami, Uma"
  16. AU="Chen, Ruichao"
  17. AU=Li Xuefeng AU=Li Xuefeng
  18. AU="Stef J.F. Letteboer"
  19. AU="Gewurz, H"
  20. AU="Linares, Mauricio"
  21. AU="Gnesi, Marco"
  22. AU="Park, Jinny"
  23. AU="Hill, Benjamin D"
  24. AU=Huang Chunfa
  25. AU="Skonieczny, Paul"
  26. AU="LIVINGSTON, M S"
  27. AU="Lidia Gonzalez-Quereda"
  28. AU="Korkmaz, Asli"
  29. AU="Patel, Mrinal"
  30. AU="Louis Chauvel"
  31. AU="Jampen, Laurent"
  32. AU="Tan, Jiacheng"
  33. AU="Weiss, Jonathan D"

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  1. Artikel: TRUE GRASP: Actors visualize and explore hidden limitations of an apparent win-win land management strategy in a MAB reserve

    Braasch, Marco / García-Barrios, Luis / Cortina-Villar, Sergio / Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth / Ramírez-Marcial, Neptalí

    Environmental modelling & software. 2018 July, v. 105

    2018  

    Abstract: Win-win solutions might be short-lived. Government permission for smallholder farmers to extract and sell resin from a pine savanna biosphere-reserve in Mexico has settled a long dispute among different stakeholders in the short-term; however, forest ... ...

    Abstract Win-win solutions might be short-lived. Government permission for smallholder farmers to extract and sell resin from a pine savanna biosphere-reserve in Mexico has settled a long dispute among different stakeholders in the short-term; however, forest production and conservation beyond 20 years are compromised due to low pine recruitment caused by competition with exotic grasses. Grass control practiced by farmers through grazing and fire has previously been discouraged by conservation authorities, which inadvertently limits long-term pine conservation and use. We describe the participatory design, rationale and simulation attributes of an educational, interactive, agent-based model that explores suites of management options and their economic and ecological outputs. We present and analyze the outcomes of four simulation workshops, where farmers and external-actors better grasped the complex ecological interactions involved in conserving and using pines in grazed pine savanna with exotic grasses, and discussed these findings with a long-term vision and tradeoff analysis approach.
    Schlagwörter Pinus ; conservation areas ; ecological competition ; farmers ; grasses ; grazing ; introduced plants ; land management ; models ; savannas ; stakeholders ; timber production ; Mexico
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2018-07
    Umfang p. 153-170.
    Erscheinungsort Elsevier Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ISSN 1364-8152
    DOI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.03.022
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Artikel: Can cattle grazing substitute fire for maintaining appreciated pine savannas at the frontier of a montane forest biosphere-reserve?

    Braasch, Marco / Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald / Luis García-Barrios / Neptalí Ramírez-Marcial / Sergio Cortina-Villar

    Agriculture, ecosystems & environment. 2017 Dec. 01, v. 250

    2017  

    Abstract: Human induced savannas in subtropical regions are often favored by small-holder farmers for livestock production and extraction of wood or non-wood products. Frequent burning and grazing are required to maintain the savanna vegetation structure. However, ...

    Abstract Human induced savannas in subtropical regions are often favored by small-holder farmers for livestock production and extraction of wood or non-wood products. Frequent burning and grazing are required to maintain the savanna vegetation structure. However, in conservation areas, fire suppression is promoted to avoid wildfires; whereas domestic livestock grazing is considered a strong interfering factor for tree establishment, due to trampling and browsing. In tropical forests which were converted to savannas, competitive exotic grasses have often replaced the native grasses. Where exotic grasses are present, aboveground biomass accumulation and thus man-induced fire risk are high and potentially undermine tree recruitment. On the long-term, the savanna state may shift into a grass-dominated state with little tree cover, generating unfavorable conditions from a livelihood perspective. We examined this problem in a human-induced pine savanna in the La Sepultura Biosphere Reserve in Chiapas, Mexico. Smallholder farmers highly valued this savanna for both livestock production and resin extraction from the fire resistant pine Pinus oocarpa. However, fire suppression and the presence of exotic grasses are reducing the tree recruitment. The main research question was to what degree can cattle grazing replace fire in its role of biomass removal and thereby stimulate pine recruitment and maintain the desired savanna state. We determined current savanna extension in the region and interviewed farmers to reconstruct past savannazation processes and expansion of exotic grasses. We related adult species-specific tree density to the herbaceous-grass cover, and pine and oak seedling and sapling densities to understory vegetation cover, canopy closure, and cattle grazing history. Finally, a field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of livestock grazing on survival and growth of planted pine saplings. The savanna currently covers 20% of the study site; it is the result of past slash-and-burn agriculture and selective logging, which have favored the expansion of several exotic grass species. In savannas where exotic grasses are abundant, sapling density was lower compared to sites with a native grass cover. While livestock grazing seemed to increase pine seedling density likely as a consequence of reduced grass cover, pine sapling survival however, was significantly reduced by livestock trampling. By seeking a balance between the livestock’s benefits and adverse effects on pine recruitment, farmers may develop an integrated management system adapted to their specific biotic rangeland conditions. It should allow forage production, while controlling the negative effects of exotic grasses on pine recruitment, thus maintaining a productive pine savanna system.
    Schlagwörter aboveground biomass ; adults ; adverse effects ; biomass production ; browsing ; burning ; canopy ; cattle ; conservation areas ; farmers ; field experimentation ; fire resistance ; fire suppression ; forage production ; grasses ; grazing ; humans ; indigenous species ; livelihood ; livestock production ; logging ; montane forests ; Pinus oocarpa ; rangelands ; risk ; saplings ; savannas ; seedlings ; shifting cultivation ; species recruitment ; subtropics ; trampling damage ; tropical forests ; understory ; vegetation cover ; wildfires ; wood ; Mexico
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2017-1201
    Umfang p. 59-71.
    Erscheinungsort Elsevier B.V.
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 602345-9
    ISSN 1873-2305 ; 0167-8809
    ISSN (online) 1873-2305
    ISSN 0167-8809
    DOI 10.1016/j.agee.2017.08.033
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Challenges for Rural Livelihoods, Participatory Agroforestry, and Biodiversity Conservation in a Neotropical Biosphere Reserve in Mexico

    García-Barrios, Luis / Cruz-Morales, Juana / Braasch, Marco / Dechnik-Vázquez, Yanus A. / Gutiérrez-Navarro, Alonso / Meza-Jiménez, Amayrani / Rivera-Núñez, Tlacaelel / Speelman, E.N. / Trujillo-Díaz, Gabriela / Valencia, Vivian / Zabala, Aiora

    Participatory Biodiversity Conversation ; ISBN: 9783030416850

    2020  

    Abstract: We report on 10 years of participatory research processes linking livelihoods, agroforestry, and conservation in the La Sepultura Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Reserve in Chiapas, Mexico. These processes entail both cooperation and conflict between farmers ...

    Abstract We report on 10 years of participatory research processes linking livelihoods, agroforestry, and conservation in the La Sepultura Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Reserve in Chiapas, Mexico. These processes entail both cooperation and conflict between farmers and external actors who try to create and/or prevent the collapse of “nature-friendly” land uses. We developed a multidimensional research agenda with the participation of 12 communities and many graduate students. This agenda began with the promotion and monitoring of experimental fodder-tree plantations to counter dry season livestock starvation and forest degradation. Poor adoption of fodder trees motivated us to explore the history, conditions, needs, and motivations of farmers in this territory, and how these play out in their interaction with other actors when implementing agroforestry projects linked explicitly with biodiversity conservation. We report an analysis of three processes: (1) efforts to promote fodder-tree plantations as a means to intensify and move livestock production away from forest browsing; (2) “conservation” shade-coffee production in which benefits for farmers and forests are dubious, which also might collapse due to recent rust epidemics; (3) Pinus oocarpa resin extraction in pine-grass rangelands, where cattle exclusion, fire use prohibition, and unfavorable market deals could render this activity unsustainable. We reflect on how silvopastoral and agroforestry projects constitute an unstable balancing act among actors in this MAB reserve (and probably in similar ones). We discuss what participatory processes seem promising and need to be developed for the sake of long-term decent rural livelihoods and high-quality conservation landscapes.
    Schlagwörter Man and the Biosphere Programme ; Participatory research ; Rural domestic groups (RDGs) ; Rural livelihoods
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 333
    Sprache Englisch
    Verlag Springer
    Erscheinungsland nl
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
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  4. Artikel ; Online: Underlying and proximate drivers of biodiversity changes in Mesoamerican biosphere reserves.

    Auliz-Ortiz, Daniel Martín / Benítez-Malvido, Julieta / Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor / Dirzo, Rodolfo / Pérez-Farrera, Miguel Ángel / Luna-Reyes, Roberto / Mendoza, Eduardo / Álvarez-Añorve, Mariana Yólotl / Álvarez-Sánchez, Javier / Arias-Ataide, Dulce María / Ávila-Cabadilla, Luis Daniel / Botello, Francisco / Braasch, Marco / Casas, Alejandro / Campos-Villanueva, Delfino Álvaro / Cedeño-Vázquez, José Rogelio / Chávez-Tovar, José Cuauhtémoc / Coates, Rosamond / Dechnik-Vázquez, Yanus /
    Del Coro Arizmendi, María / Dias, Pedro Américo / Dorado, Oscar / Enríquez, Paula / Escalona-Segura, Griselda / Farías-González, Verónica / Favila, Mario E / García, Andrés / García-Morales, Leccinum Jesús / Gavito-Pérez, Fernando / Gómez-Domínguez, Héctor / González-García, Fernando / González-Zamora, Arturo / Cuevas-Guzmán, Ramón / Haro-Belchez, Enrique / Hernández-Huerta, Arturo Heriberto / Hernández-Ordoñez, Omar / Horváth, Anna / Ibarra-Manríquez, Guillermo / Lavín-Murcio, Pablo Antonio / Lira-Saade, Rafael / López-Díaz, Karime / MacSwiney G, M Cristina / Mandujano, Salvador / Martínez-Camilo, Rubén / Martínez-Ávalos, José Guadalupe / Martínez-Meléndez, Nayely / Monroy-Ojeda, Alan / Mora, Francisco / Mora-Olivo, Arturo / Muench, Carlos / Peña-Mondragón, Juan L / Percino-Daniel, Ruth / Ramírez-Marcial, Neptalí / Reyna-Hurtado, Rafael / Rodríguez-Ruíz, Erick Rubén / Sánchez-Cordero, Víctor / Suazo-Ortuño, Ireri / Terán-Juárez, Sergio Alejandro / Valdivieso-Pérez, Ingrid Abril / Valencia, Vivian / Valenzuela-Galván, David / Vargas-Contreras, Jorge Albino / Vázquez-Pérez, José Raúl / Vega-Rivera, Jorge Humberto / Venegas-Barrera, Crystian Sadiel / Martínez-Ramos, Miguel

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2024  Band 121, Heft 6, Seite(n) e2305944121

    Abstract: Protected areas are of paramount relevance to conserving wildlife and ecosystem contributions to people. Yet, their conservation success is increasingly threatened by human activities including habitat loss, climate change, pollution, and species ... ...

    Abstract Protected areas are of paramount relevance to conserving wildlife and ecosystem contributions to people. Yet, their conservation success is increasingly threatened by human activities including habitat loss, climate change, pollution, and species overexploitation. Thus, understanding the underlying and proximate drivers of anthropogenic threats is urgently needed to improve protected areas' effectiveness, especially in the biodiversity-rich tropics. We addressed this issue by analyzing expert-provided data on long-term biodiversity change (last three decades) over 14 biosphere reserves from the Mesoamerican Biodiversity Hotspot. Using multivariate analyses and structural equation modeling, we tested the influence of major socioeconomic drivers (demographic, economic, and political factors), spatial indicators of human activities (agriculture expansion and road extension), and forest landscape modifications (forest loss and isolation) as drivers of biodiversity change. We uncovered a significant proliferation of disturbance-tolerant guilds and the loss or decline of disturbance-sensitive guilds within reserves causing a "winner and loser" species replacement over time. Guild change was directly related to forest spatial changes promoted by the expansion of agriculture and roads within reserves. High human population density and low nonfarming occupation were identified as the main underlying drivers of biodiversity change. Our findings suggest that to mitigate anthropogenic threats to biodiversity within biosphere reserves, fostering human population well-being via sustainable, nonfarming livelihood opportunities around reserves is imperative.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Animals ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; Agriculture ; Animals, Wild ; Climate Change
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-01-22
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2305944121
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Navigating challenges and opportunities of land degradation and sustainable livelihood development in dryland social-ecological systems: a case study from Mexico.

    Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth / Palacios, Mónica Ribeiro / Moreno, José Tulio Arredondo / Braasch, Marco / Peña, Ruth Magnolia Martínez / Verduzco, Javier García de Alba / Santos, Karina Monzalvo

    Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

    2012  Band 367, Heft 1606, Seite(n) 3158–3177

    Abstract: Drylands are one of the most diverse yet highly vulnerable social-ecological systems on Earth. Water scarcity has contributed to high levels of heterogeneity, variability and unpredictability, which together have shaped the long coadaptative process of ... ...

    Abstract Drylands are one of the most diverse yet highly vulnerable social-ecological systems on Earth. Water scarcity has contributed to high levels of heterogeneity, variability and unpredictability, which together have shaped the long coadaptative process of coupling humans and nature. Land degradation and desertification in drylands are some of the largest and most far-reaching global environmental and social change problems, and thus are a daunting challenge for science and society. In this study, we merged the Drylands Development Paradigm, Holling's adaptive cycle metaphor and resilience theory to assess the challenges and opportunities for livelihood development in the Amapola dryland social-ecological system (DSES), a small isolated village in the semi-arid region of Mexico. After 450 years of local social-ecological evolution, external drivers (neoliberal policies, change in land reform legislation) have become the most dominant force in livelihood development, at the cost of loss of natural and cultural capital and an increasingly dysfunctional landscape. Local DSESs have become increasingly coupled to dynamic larger-scale drivers. Hence, cross-scale connectedness feeds back on and transforms local self-sustaining subsistence farming conditions, causing loss of livelihood resilience and diversification in a globally changing world. Effective efforts to combat desertification and improve livelihood security in DSESs need to consider their cyclical rhythms. Hence, we advocate novel dryland stewardship strategies, which foster adaptive capacity, and continuous evaluation and social learning at all levels. Finally, we call for an effective, flexible and viable policy framework that enhances local biotic and cultural diversity of drylands to transform global drylands into a resilient biome in the context of global environmental and social change.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adaptation, Physiological ; Agriculture/methods ; Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Desert Climate ; Droughts ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Policy ; Food Supply ; Humans ; Livestock/growth & development ; Mexico ; Rain ; Social Change ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Soil/chemistry ; Water/chemistry
    Chemische Substanzen Soil ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2012-10-08
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 208382-6
    ISSN 1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    ISSN (online) 1471-2970
    ISSN 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    DOI 10.1098/rstb.2011.0349
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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