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Article: The role of big trees and abundant species in driving spatial patterns of species richness in an Australian tropical rainforest.

Murphy, Helen T / Bradford, Matt G

2022 Volume 12, Issue 9, Page(s) e9324

Abstract: Big trees and abundant species dominate forest structure and composition. As a result, their spatial distribution and interactions with other species and individuals may contribute disproportionately to the emergence of spatial heterogeneity in richness ... ...

Abstract	Big trees and abundant species dominate forest structure and composition. As a result, their spatial distribution and interactions with other species and individuals may contribute disproportionately to the emergence of spatial heterogeneity in richness patterns. We tested scale-dependent spatial patterning and species richness structures to understand the role of individual trees (big trees) and species (abundant species) in driving spatial richness patterns on a 25 ha plot in a diverse tropical forest of Australia. The individual species area relationship (ISAR) was used to assess species richness in neighborhoods ranging from 1 to 50 m radii around all big trees (≥70 cm dbh,
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2635675-2
ISSN	2045-7758
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	10.1002/ece3.9324
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Article ; Online: The importance of large-diameter trees in the wet tropical rainforests of Australia.

Bradford, Matt / Murphy, Helen T

PloS one

2019 Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) e0208377

Abstract: Large trees are keystone structures in many terrestrial ecosystems. They contribute disproportionately to reproduction, recruitment and succession, and influence the structure, dynamics and diversity of forests. Recently, researchers have become ... ...

Abstract	Large trees are keystone structures in many terrestrial ecosystems. They contribute disproportionately to reproduction, recruitment and succession, and influence the structure, dynamics and diversity of forests. Recently, researchers have become concerned about evidence showing rapid declines in large, old trees in a range of ecosystems across the globe. We used ≥10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) stem inventory data from 20, 0.5 ha forest plots spanning the wet tropical rainforest of Queensland, Australia to examine the contribution of large-diameter trees to above ground biomass (AGB), richness, dominance, mortality and recruitment. We show consistencies with tropical rainforest globally in that large-diameter trees (≥70 cm DBH) contribute much of the biomass (33%) from few trees (2.4% of stems ≥10 cm DBH) with the density of the largest trees explaining much of the variation (62%) in AGB across plots. Measurement of AGB in the largest 5% of trees allows plot biomass to be predicted with ~85% precision. In contrast to rainforest in Africa and America, we show that a high proportion of tree species are capable of reaching a large-diameter in Australian wet tropical rainforest resulting in weak biomass hyperdominance (~10% of species account for 50% of the biomass) leading to high potential resilience to regional disturbances and global environmental change. We show that the high AGB in Australian tropical forests is driven primarily by the high density of large trees coupled with contributions from high densities of medium size trees. Australian wet tropical rainforests are well positioned to maintain the current densities of large-diameter trees and high AGB into the future due to the species richness of large trees and a high density of replacement smaller trees.
MeSH term(s)	Africa ; Australia ; Biomass ; Ecosystem ; Rainforest ; Trees
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0208377
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Article: Forest system hydraulic conductance: partitioning tree and soil components

Binks, Oliver / Cernusak, Lucas A. / Liddell, Michael / Bradford, Matt / Coughlin, Ingrid / Carle, Hannah / Bryant, Callum / Dunn, Elliot / Oliveira, Rafael / Mencuccini, Maurizio / Meir, Patrick

The new phytologist. 2022 Feb., v. 233, no. 4

2022

Abstract: Soil–leaf hydraulic conductance determines canopy–atmosphere coupling in vegetation models, but it is typically derived from ex‐situ measurements of stem segments and soil samples. Using a novel approach, we derive robust in‐situ estimates for whole‐tree ...

Abstract	Soil–leaf hydraulic conductance determines canopy–atmosphere coupling in vegetation models, but it is typically derived from ex‐situ measurements of stem segments and soil samples. Using a novel approach, we derive robust in‐situ estimates for whole‐tree conductance (kₜᵣₑₑ), ‘functional’ soil conductance (kₛₒᵢₗ), and ‘system’ conductance (kₛyₛₜₑₘ, water table to canopy), at two climatically different tropical rainforest sites. Hydraulic ‘functional rooting depth’, determined for each tree using profiles of soil water potential (Ψₛₒᵢₗ) and sap flux data, enabled a robust determination of kₜᵣₑₑ and kₛₒᵢₗ. kₜᵣₑₑ was compared across species, size classes, seasons, height above nearest drainage (HAND), two field sites, and to alternative representations of kₜᵣₑₑ; kₛₒᵢₗ was analysed with respect to variations in site, season and HAND. kₜᵣₑₑ was lower and changed seasonally at the site with higher vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and rainfall; kₜᵣₑₑ differed little across species but scaled with tree circumference; rₛₒᵢₗ (1/kₛₒᵢₗ) ranged from 0 in the wet season to 10× less than rₜᵣₑₑ (1/kₜᵣₑₑ) in the dry season. VPD and not rainfall may influence plot‐level k; leaf water potentials and sap flux can be used to determine kₜᵣₑₑ, kₛₒᵢₗ and kₛyₛₜₑₘ; Ψₛₒᵢₗ profiles can provide mechanistic insights into ecosystem‐level water fluxes.
Keywords	drainage ; dry season ; hydraulic conductivity ; leaves ; rain ; sap flow ; soil water potential ; tree and stand measurements ; trees ; tropical rain forests ; vapor pressure deficit ; water table ; wet season
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-02
Size	p. 1667-1681.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	208885-x
ISSN	1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
ISSN (online)	1469-8137
ISSN	0028-646X
DOI	10.1111/nph.17895
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Vapour pressure deficit modulates hydraulic function and structure of tropical rainforests under nonlimiting soil water supply

Binks, Oliver / Cernusak, Lucas A. / Liddell, Michael / Bradford, Matt / Coughlin, Ingrid / Bryant, Callum / Palma, Ana C. / Hoffmann, Luke / Alam, Iftakharul / Carle, Hannah J. / Rowland, Lucy / Oliveira, Rafael S. / Laurance, Susan G. W. / Mencuccini, M. / Meir, Patrick

New Phytologist. 2023 Nov., v. 240, no. 4 p.1405-1420

2023

Abstract: Atmospheric conditions are expected to become warmer and drier in the future, but little is known about how evaporative demand influences forest structure and function independently from soil moisture availability, and how fast‐response variables (such ... ...

Abstract	Atmospheric conditions are expected to become warmer and drier in the future, but little is known about how evaporative demand influences forest structure and function independently from soil moisture availability, and how fast‐response variables (such as canopy water potential and stomatal conductance) may mediate longer‐term changes in forest structure and function in response to climate change. We used two tropical rainforest sites with different temperatures and vapour pressure deficits (VPD), but nonlimiting soil water supply, to assess the impact of evaporative demand on ecophysiological function and forest structure. Common species between sites allowed us to test the extent to which species composition, relative abundance and intraspecific variability contributed to site‐level differences. The highest VPD site had lower midday canopy water potentials, canopy conductance (gc), annual transpiration, forest stature, and biomass, while the transpiration rate was less sensitive to changes in VPD; it also had different height–diameter allometry (accounting for 51% of the difference in biomass between sites) and higher plot‐level wood density. Our findings suggest that increases in VPD, even in the absence of soil water limitation, influence fast‐response variables, such as canopy water potentials and gc, potentially leading to longer‐term changes in forest stature resulting in reductions in biomass.
Keywords	allometry ; biomass ; canopy ; climate change ; ecophysiology ; evaporative demand ; intraspecific variation ; soil water ; species diversity ; stomatal conductance ; tropical rain forests ; vapor pressure ; vapor pressure deficit ; water potential ; water supply ; wood density
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-11
Size	p. 1405-1420.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	208885-x
ISSN	1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
ISSN (online)	1469-8137
ISSN	0028-646X
DOI	10.1111/nph.19257
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Article: Optimisation of a pollen DNA metabarcoding method for diet analysis of flying-foxes (Pteropus spp.)

Bell, Karen L. / Batchelor, Kathryn L. / Bradford, Matt / McKeown, Adam / Macdonald, Stewart L. / Westcott, David

Australian journal of zoology. 2020, v. 68, no. 6

2020

Abstract: Determining the diet of flying-foxes can increase understanding of how they function as pollinators and seed dispersers, as well as managing any negative impacts of large roosts. Traditional methods for diet analysis are time consuming, and not feasible ... ...

Abstract	Determining the diet of flying-foxes can increase understanding of how they function as pollinators and seed dispersers, as well as managing any negative impacts of large roosts. Traditional methods for diet analysis are time consuming, and not feasible to conduct for hundreds of animals. In this study, we optimised a method for diet analysis, based on DNA metabarcoding of environmental DNA (eDNA) from pollen and other plant parts in the faeces. We found that existing eDNA metabarcoding protocols are suitable, with the most useful results being obtained using a commercial food DNA extraction kit, and sequencing 350–450 base pairs of a DNA barcode from the internally transcribed spacer region (ITS2), with ~550 base pairs of the chloroplast rubisco large subunit (rbcL) as a secondary DNA barcode. A list of forage plants was generated for the little red flying-fox (Pteropus scapulatus), the black flying-fox (Pteropus alecto) and the spectacled flying-fox (Pteropus conspicillatus) from our collection sites across Queensland. The diets were determined to comprise predominantly Myrtaceae species, particularly those in the genera Eucalyptus, Melaleuca and Corymbia. With more plant genomes becoming publicly available in the future, there are likely to be further applications of eDNA methods in understanding the role of flying-foxes as pollinators and seed dispersers.
Keywords	Corymbia ; DNA barcoding ; Eucalyptus ; Melaleuca ; Pteropus alecto ; chloroplasts ; diet ; environmental DNA ; feces ; forage ; genome ; internal transcribed spacers ; pollen ; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase ; Queensland
Language	English
Size	p. 273-284.
Publishing place	CSIRO Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	184535-4
ISSN	0004-959X
ISSN	0004-959X
DOI	10.1071/ZO20085
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Article: The diet of a specialist nectarivore in Australia: The little red flying‐fox (Pteropus scapulatus, Pteropodidae)

Bradford, Matt / Venz, Melanie / Bell, Karen L. / Hogan, Luke / Smith, Geoffrey C. / Eby, Peggy / Eyre, Teresa J. / McKeown, Adam / Vanderduys, Eric / MacDonald, Stewart / Westcott, David

Austral ecology. 2022 May, v. 47, no. 3

2022

Abstract: The little red flying‐fox (Pteropus scapulatus, Pteropodidae) is the most widely distributed of the four Australian mainland flying‐fox (Pteropus) species. They move very large distances following foraging resources and congregate in large numbers which ... ...

Abstract	The little red flying‐fox (Pteropus scapulatus, Pteropodidae) is the most widely distributed of the four Australian mainland flying‐fox (Pteropus) species. They move very large distances following foraging resources and congregate in large numbers which often causes human‐animal conflict. To better understand the resources that drive these movements and aggregations, we investigated the diet of the little red flying‐fox using data from five sources: (i) faecal eDNA metabarcoding of field sampled little red flying‐foxes; (ii) identification of foraging locations through satellite tracking; (iii) a literature search; (iv) a search of online databases; and (v) an expert survey. Our sources revealed a specialist nectarivore diet containing 204 species, dominated by floral products from the plant family Myrtaceae. We consider a small number of widely occurring and structurally dominant Myrtaceae, particularly from the genera Corymbia, Eucalyptus and Melaleuca, as major diet species that regularly drive mass aggregations. In addition, we consider a moderate number of species dominated by the Myrtaceae as important diet species and a large number of species from diverse taxa as supplementary diet species. Fruit represents approximately 5% of the diet suggesting that the little red flying‐fox is unlikely to be a major pest of horticultural crops or disperser of weeds. The combination of long‐distance movement and a wide range of diet species results in a long‐distance pollination service to many plant species which likely promotes genetic mixing between isolated populations of plants. Our understanding of the little red flying‐fox diet allows us to better predict mass migrations and aggregations at a continental scale and allows us to clearly identify key foraging habitat so that informed management decisions can be made.
Keywords	Corymbia ; DNA barcoding ; Eucalyptus ; Melaleuca ; Pteropus ; diet ; environmental DNA ; fruits ; habitats ; horticulture ; nectar feeding ; pollination ; satellites ; surveys ; Australia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-05
Size	p. 619-628.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2019899-1
ISSN	1442-9993 ; 1442-9985
ISSN (online)	1442-9993
ISSN	1442-9985
DOI	10.1111/aec.13143
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Article ; Online: Vapour pressure deficit modulates hydraulic function and structure of tropical rainforests under nonlimiting soil water supply.

Binks, Oliver / Cernusak, Lucas A / Liddell, Michael / Bradford, Matt / Coughlin, Ingrid / Bryant, Callum / Palma, Ana C / Hoffmann, Luke / Alam, Iftakharul / Carle, Hannah J / Rowland, Lucy / Oliveira, Rafael S / Laurance, Susan G W / Mencuccini, Maurizio / Meir, Patrick

The New phytologist

2023 Volume 240, Issue 4, Page(s) 1405–1420

Abstract	Atmospheric conditions are expected to become warmer and drier in the future, but little is known about how evaporative demand influences forest structure and function independently from soil moisture availability, and how fast-response variables (such as canopy water potential and stomatal conductance) may mediate longer-term changes in forest structure and function in response to climate change. We used two tropical rainforest sites with different temperatures and vapour pressure deficits (VPD), but nonlimiting soil water supply, to assess the impact of evaporative demand on ecophysiological function and forest structure. Common species between sites allowed us to test the extent to which species composition, relative abundance and intraspecific variability contributed to site-level differences. The highest VPD site had lower midday canopy water potentials, canopy conductance (g
MeSH term(s)	Soil/chemistry ; Plant Leaves/physiology ; Rainforest ; Vapor Pressure ; Water/physiology ; Water Supply ; Plant Transpiration/physiology ; Trees/physiology
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208885-x
ISSN	1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
ISSN (online)	1469-8137
ISSN	0028-646X
DOI	10.1111/nph.19257
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Predation of cassowary dispersed seeds: is the cassowary an effective disperser?

Bradford, Matt G / Westcott, David A

Integrative zoology

2011 Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) 168–177

Abstract: Post-dispersal predation is a potentially significant modifier of the distribution of recruiting plants and an often unmeasured determinant of the effectiveness of a frugivore's dispersal service. In the wet tropical forests of Australia and New Guinea, ... ...

Abstract	Post-dispersal predation is a potentially significant modifier of the distribution of recruiting plants and an often unmeasured determinant of the effectiveness of a frugivore's dispersal service. In the wet tropical forests of Australia and New Guinea, the cassowary provides a large volume, long distance dispersal service incorporating beneficial gut processing; however, the resultant clumped deposition might expose seeds to elevated mortality. We examined the contribution of post-dispersal seed predation to cassowary dispersal effectiveness by monitoring the fate of 11 species in southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius johnsonii Linnaeus) droppings over a period of 1 year. Across all species, the rate of predation and removal was relatively slow. After 1 month, 70% of seeds remained intact and outwardly viable, while the number fell to 38% after 1 year. The proportion of seeds remaining intact in droppings varied considerably between species: soft-seeded and large-seeded species were more likely to escape removal and predation. Importantly, across all species, seeds in droppings were no more likely to be predated than those left undispersed under the parent tree. We speculate that seed predating and scatter-hoarding rodents are responsible for the vast majority of predation and removal from droppings and that the few seeds which undergo secondary dispersal survive to germination. Our findings reinforce the conclusion that the cassowary is an important seed disperser; however, dispersal effectiveness for particular plant species can be reduced by massive post-dispersal seed mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Feeding Behavior ; Food Chain ; Palaeognathae/physiology ; Queensland ; Rodentia/physiology ; Seed Dispersal ; Trees/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-09
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2570656-1
ISSN	1749-4877 ; 1749-4869
ISSN (online)	1749-4877
ISSN	1749-4869
DOI	10.1111/j.1749-4877.2011.00242.x
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Article ; Online: A broad approach to abrupt boundaries: looking beyond the boundary at soil attributes within and across tropical vegetation types.

Warman, Laura / Bradford, Matt G / Moles, Angela T

PloS one

2013 Volume 8, Issue 4, Page(s) e60789

Abstract: Most research on boundaries between vegetation types emphasizes the contrasts and similarities between conditions on either side of a boundary, but does not compare boundary to non-boundary vegetation. That is, most previous studies lack suitable ... ...

Abstract	Most research on boundaries between vegetation types emphasizes the contrasts and similarities between conditions on either side of a boundary, but does not compare boundary to non-boundary vegetation. That is, most previous studies lack suitable controls, and may therefore overlook underlying aspects of landscape variability at a regional scale and underestimate the effects that the vegetation itself has on the soil. We compared 25 soil chemistry variables in rainforest, sclerophyll vegetation and across rainforest-sclerophyll boundaries in north-eastern Queensland, Australia. Like previous studies, we did find some contrasts in soil chemistry across vegetation boundaries. However we did not find greater variation in chemical parameters across boundary transects than in transects set in either rainforest or woodland. We also found that soil on both sides of the boundary is more similar to "rainforest soil" than to "woodland soil". Transects in wet sclerophyll forests with increasing degrees of rainforest invasion showed that as rainforest invades wet sclerophyll forest, the soil beneath wet sclerophyll forest becomes increasingly similar to rainforest soil. Our results have implications for understanding regional vegetation dynamics. Considering soil-vegetation feedbacks and the differences between soil at boundaries and in non-boundary sites may hold clues to some of the processes that occur across and between vegetation types in a wide range of ecosystems. Finally, we suggest that including appropriate controls should become standard practice for studies of vegetation boundaries and edge effects worldwide.
MeSH term(s)	Soil ; Tropical Climate
Chemical Substances	Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-04-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0060789
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Article ; Online: Forest system hydraulic conductance: partitioning tree and soil components.

Binks, Oliver / Cernusak, Lucas A / Liddell, Michael / Bradford, Matt / Coughlin, Ingrid / Carle, Hannah / Bryant, Callum / Dunn, Elliot / Oliveira, Rafael / Mencuccini, Maurizio / Meir, Patrick

The New phytologist

2021 Volume 233, Issue 4, Page(s) 1667–1681

Abstract: Soil-leaf hydraulic conductance determines canopy-atmosphere coupling in vegetation models, but it is typically derived from ex-situ measurements of stem segments and soil samples. Using a novel approach, we derive robust in-situ estimates for whole-tree ...

Abstract	Soil-leaf hydraulic conductance determines canopy-atmosphere coupling in vegetation models, but it is typically derived from ex-situ measurements of stem segments and soil samples. Using a novel approach, we derive robust in-situ estimates for whole-tree conductance (k
MeSH term(s)	Ecosystem ; Forests ; Plant Leaves ; Plant Transpiration ; Rainforest ; Soil ; Trees ; Water
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208885-x
ISSN	1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
ISSN (online)	1469-8137
ISSN	0028-646X
DOI	10.1111/nph.17895
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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