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Article ; Online: Palaeoclimate: Volcanism caused ancient global warming.

Meissner, Katrin J / Bralower, Timothy J

2017 Volume 548, Issue 7669, Page(s) 531–533

Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/548531a
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Article: Microfossil and geochemical records reveal high-productivity paleoenvironments in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2

Bryant, Raquel / Leckie, R. Mark / Bralower, Timothy J. / Jones, Matthew M. / Sageman, Bradley B.

Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology. 2021 Dec. 15, v. 584

2021

Abstract: Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2; ~94.5 Ma) occurred in the latest Cenomanian and represents a perturbation to the global carbon cycle. The event is geochemically recorded in shales and limestones of the Western Interior Basin of North America and is ... ...

Abstract	Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2; ~94.5 Ma) occurred in the latest Cenomanian and represents a perturbation to the global carbon cycle. The event is geochemically recorded in shales and limestones of the Western Interior Basin of North America and is additionally marked by foraminiferal bio-events (e.g., turnovers, extinctions). These bio-events are attributed to changing paleoceanographic conditions and circulation patterns in the Western Interior Seaway related to the onset of OAE2. Here we investigate the paleoenvironment near the southwestern edge of the seaway during OAE2 by integrating microfossil and geochemical records from the lower beds of the Tokay Tongue (Mancos Shale) at Carthage, New Mexico, USA. We demonstrate that this locality represents an expanded section of OAE2 based on temporal constraints from carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and the occurrence of regional marker ash-fall deposits (bentonites), limestones and other carbonate-rich beds. Prior to the onset of OAE2, a unique assemblage of benthic foraminiferal morphologies suggests the presence of a distinct water mass in the southwestern part of the seaway compared to coeval neritic and distal sites. Microfossil assemblages record the Benthonic Zone, a typical OAE2 bio-event, with some distinctions. The event is still identifiable and thereby useful in marking the earliest stages of OAE2. Early in OAE2, calcareous nannofossil and foraminiferal assemblages indicate intervals of high productivity. The dominance of biserial planktic foraminifera (Planoheterohelix spp.) suggests the development of photic zone euxinia with intensification of OAE2. During OAE2, epifaunal trochospiral benthic foraminifera (Gavelinella dakotaensis) suggest intervals of improved conditions related to food availability and seafloor ventilation. Later, as increased surface water productivity and subsequent food availability prevailed at the seafloor through the end of the OAE2 interval, benthic foraminifera were abundant and assemblages were dominated by infaunal, low oxygen tolerant species (Neobulimina albertensis), suggesting prevailing dysoxia. We attribute differences in the expression of bio-events and foraminiferal community composition at Carthage to the influence of freshwater runoff from the western margin that drove high-productivity conditions throughout OAE2.
Keywords	Cretaceous period ; Retaria ; basins ; carbon ; community structure ; dysoxia ; euphotic zone ; food availability ; freshwater ; global carbon budget ; isotopes ; microfossils ; oxygen ; palaeogeography ; paleoceanography ; paleoclimatology ; paleoecology ; runoff ; shale ; surface water ; New Mexico
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1215
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	417718-6
ISSN	0031-0182
ISSN	0031-0182
DOI	10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110679
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Astrochronology of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum on the Atlantic Coastal Plain.

Li, Mingsong / Bralower, Timothy J / Kump, Lee R / Self-Trail, Jean M / Zachos, James C / Rush, William D / Robinson, Marci M

Nature communications

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 5618

Abstract: The chronology of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ~56 Ma) remains disputed, hampering complete understanding of the possible trigger mechanisms of this event. Here we present an astrochronology for the PETM carbon isotope excursion from ... ...

Abstract	The chronology of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ~56 Ma) remains disputed, hampering complete understanding of the possible trigger mechanisms of this event. Here we present an astrochronology for the PETM carbon isotope excursion from Howards Tract, Maryland a paleoshelf environment, on the mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. Statistical evaluation of variations in calcium content and magnetic susceptibility indicates astronomical forcing was involved and the PETM onset lasted about 6 kyr. The astrochronology and Earth system modeling suggest that the PETM onset occurred at an extreme in precession during a maximum in eccentricity, thus favoring high temperatures, indicating that astronomical forcing could have played a role in triggering the event. Ca content data on the paleo-shelf, along with other marine records, support the notion that a carbonate saturation overshoot followed global ocean acidification during the PETM.
MeSH term(s)	Calcium ; Carbon Isotopes ; Earth, Planet ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Seawater
Chemical Substances	Carbon Isotopes ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-022-33390-x
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Article ; Online: Isotopes from fossil coronulid barnacle shells record evidence of migration in multiple Pleistocene whale populations.

Taylor, Larry D / O'Dea, Aaron / Bralower, Timothy J / Finnegan, Seth

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2019 Volume 116, Issue 15, Page(s) 7377–7381

Abstract: Migration is an integral feature of modern mysticete whale ecology, and the demands of migration may have played a key role in shaping mysticete evolutionary history. Constraining when migration became established and assessing how it has changed through ...

Abstract	Migration is an integral feature of modern mysticete whale ecology, and the demands of migration may have played a key role in shaping mysticete evolutionary history. Constraining when migration became established and assessing how it has changed through time may yield valuable insight into the evolution of mysticete whales and the oceans in which they lived. However, there are currently few data which directly assess prehistoric mysticete migrations. Here we show that calcite δ
MeSH term(s)	Animal Migration/physiology ; Animals ; Fossils ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Oxygen Isotopes/metabolism ; Pacific Ocean ; Whales/physiology
Chemical Substances	Oxygen Isotopes
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1808759116
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Article ; Online: Earth science: Volcanic cause of catastrophe.

Bralower, Timothy J

Nature

2008 Volume 454, Issue 7202, Page(s) 285–287

MeSH term(s)	Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Caribbean Region ; Extinction, Biological ; Greenhouse Effect ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Phytoplankton/metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry ; Volcanic Eruptions
Chemical Substances	Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-07-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; News
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/454285a
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Article ; Online: Surface ocean warming and acidification driven by rapid carbon release precedes Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.

Babila, Tali L / Penman, Donald E / Standish, Christopher D / Doubrawa, Monika / Bralower, Timothy J / Robinson, Marci M / Self-Trail, Jean M / Speijer, Robert P / Stassen, Peter / Foster, Gavin L / Zachos, James C

Science advances

2022 Volume 8, Issue 11, Page(s) eabg1025

Abstract: The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is recognized by a major negative carbon isotope ( ... ...

Abstract	The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is recognized by a major negative carbon isotope (δ
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.abg1025
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Article ; Online: Life before impact in the Chicxulub area: unique marine ichnological signatures preserved in crater suevite.

Rodríguez-Tovar, Francisco J / Kaskes, Pim / Ormö, Jens / Gulick, Sean P S / Whalen, Michael T / Jones, Heather L / Lowery, Christopher M / Bralower, Timothy J / Smit, Jan / King, David T / Goderis, Steven / Claeys, Philippe

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 11376

Abstract: To fully assess the resilience and recovery of life in response to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary mass extinction ~ 66 million years ago, it is paramount to understand biodiversity prior to the Chicxulub impact event. The peak ring of the ... ...

Abstract	To fully assess the resilience and recovery of life in response to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary mass extinction ~ 66 million years ago, it is paramount to understand biodiversity prior to the Chicxulub impact event. The peak ring of the Chicxulub impact structure offshore the Yucatán Peninsula (México) was recently drilled and extracted a ~ 100 m thick impact-generated, melt-bearing, polymict breccia (crater suevite), which preserved carbonate clasts with common biogenic structures. We pieced this information to reproduce for the first time the macrobenthic tracemaker community and marine paleoenvironment prior to a large impact event at the crater area by combining paleoichnology with micropaleontology. A variable macrobenthic tracemaker community was present prior to the impact (Cenomanian-Maastrichtian), which included soft bodied organisms such as annelids, crustaceans and bivalves, mainly colonizing softgrounds in marine oxygenated, nutrient rich, conditions. Trace fossil assemblage from these upper Cretaceous core lithologies, with dominant Planolites and frequent Chondrites, corresponds well with that in the overlying post-impact Paleogene sediments. This reveals that the K-Pg impact event had no significant effects (i.e., extinction) on the composition of the macroinvertebrate tracemaker community in the Chicxulub region.
MeSH term(s)	Biodiversity ; Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Meteoroids ; Mexico
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-15566-z
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Audio / Video: Extreme warmth in the Cretaceous and Paleogene

Bralower, Timothy J

a depth transect on Shatsky Rise, Central Pacific, sites 1207 - 1214, 27 August 2001 - 23 October 2001

(Proceedings of the ocean drilling program : Scientific results ; 198.2001)

2006

Title variant	Leg 198
Author's details	ed. review board Timothy J. Bralower
Series title	Proceedings of the ocean drilling program : Scientific results ; 198.2001
Language	English
Size	1 CD-ROM, 12 cm
Publisher	ODP, Ocean Drilling Program
Publishing place	Washington, DC
Document type	Book ; Audio / Video
Accompanying material	1 booklet (XVII, 47, 53 S.)
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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Article ; Online: Organic matter from the Chicxulub crater exacerbated the K-Pg impact winter.

Lyons, Shelby L / Karp, Allison T / Bralower, Timothy J / Grice, Kliti / Schaefer, Bettina / Gulick, Sean P S / Morgan, Joanna V / Freeman, Katherine H

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2020 Volume 117, Issue 41, Page(s) 25327–25334

Abstract: An asteroid impact in the Yucatán Peninsula set off a sequence of events that led to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction of 76% species, including the nonavian dinosaurs. The impact hit a carbonate platform and released sulfate aerosols and ... ...

Abstract	An asteroid impact in the Yucatán Peninsula set off a sequence of events that led to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction of 76% species, including the nonavian dinosaurs. The impact hit a carbonate platform and released sulfate aerosols and dust into Earth's upper atmosphere, which cooled and darkened the planet-a scenario known as an impact winter. Organic burn markers are observed in K-Pg boundary records globally, but their source is debated. If some were derived from sedimentary carbon, and not solely wildfires, it implies soot from the target rock also contributed to the impact winter. Characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Chicxulub crater sediments and at two deep ocean sites indicate a fossil carbon source that experienced rapid heating, consistent with organic matter ejected during the formation of the crater. Furthermore, PAH size distributions proximal and distal to the crater indicate the ejected carbon was dispersed globally by atmospheric processes. Molecular and charcoal evidence indicates wildfires were also present but more delayed and protracted and likely played a less acute role in biotic extinctions than previously suggested. Based on stratigraphy near the crater, between 7.5 × 10
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2004596117
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Article: Neritic ecosystem response to Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, USA

Boudinot, F. Garrett / Bralower, Timothy J / Dildar, Nadia / Jones, Matthew M / Leckie, R. Mark / Parker, Amanda / Sageman, Bradley B / Sepúlveda, Julio

Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology. 2020 May 15, v. 546

2020

Abstract: Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) were periods of geologically short (<1 million years) global change characterized by elevated temperatures, changes in ocean biogeochemistry, ecological turnover, and the global-scale deposition of black shales. ... ...

Abstract	Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) were periods of geologically short (<1 million years) global change characterized by elevated temperatures, changes in ocean biogeochemistry, ecological turnover, and the global-scale deposition of black shales. After decades of OAE research, the intensity and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of ocean anoxia and its direct effects on marine ecology remain areas of active study. We present high-resolution organic geochemical and foraminiferal records from the western margin of the Western Interior Seaway (WIS) during the Cenomanian-Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2, ~94 Ma) that indicate reorganization of a neritic ecosystem in response to sea-level rise, and dynamic changes in redox conditions that were likely driven by enhanced marine productivity. A significant transgression prior to OAE2 decreased terrestrial organic matter input and led to enhanced productivity, anoxic bottom waters and sediments, and episodic photic zone euxinia. During the middle of OAE2, further enhanced productivity led to the “Heterohelix shift” in planktic foraminifera, the “Gavelinella acme” in benthic foraminifera, and deoxygenation in sediments, bottom waters, and the upper water column. The combined use of high-temporal resolution algal, bacterial, and terrestrial biomarkers, in addition to foraminiferal records, demonstrates the sensitivity of marine autotrophic and heterotrophic communities to sea-level rise and variable water column oxygenation in marginal marine settings during hyperthermal events. Furthermore, our results reveal the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of anoxia during OAE2 in the WIS. This study highlights widespread shallow marine feedbacks during global change that may affect neritic ecosystems under future warming scenarios.
Keywords	algae ; anaerobic conditions ; benthic organisms ; biogeochemistry ; biomarkers ; Cretaceous period ; ecosystems ; euphotic zone ; global change ; hypoxia ; marine science ; organic matter ; Retaria ; sea level ; sediments ; spatial variation ; temperature ; United States
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0515
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	417718-6
ISSN	0031-0182
ISSN	0031-0182
DOI	10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109673
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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