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  1. Article ; Online: Stuck on Intergroup Attitudes: The Need to Shift Gears to Change Intergroup Behaviors.

    Brauer, Markus

    Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 280–294

    Abstract: Decades of research on how to improve intergroup relations have primarily examined ways to change prejudiced attitudes. However, this focus on negative intergroup attitudes has yielded few effective solutions. Because intergroup relations are shaped by ... ...

    Abstract Decades of research on how to improve intergroup relations have primarily examined ways to change prejudiced attitudes. However, this focus on negative intergroup attitudes has yielded few effective solutions. Because intergroup relations are shaped by behavior during intergroup interactions, it is necessary to identify constructs that have a strong causal impact on intergroup behavior change. In this article, I will discuss evidence showing that intergroup attitude change is neither a sufficient nor necessary cause for intergroup behavior change. Empirical research suggests that intergroup attitudes are difficult to change and have a limited effect on intergroup behavior. I also distinguish between constructs that primarily affect intergroup attitude change (e.g., counterstereotypical exemplars, evaluative conditioning) and constructs that primarily affect intergroup behavior change (e.g., social norms, self-efficacy). Further, suggestions for future research will also be provided to advance understanding of the various psychological constructs that influence intergroup behavior change, which will help us develop effective methods of improving intergroup relations.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Attitude ; Prejudice ; Self Efficacy ; Social Norms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2224911-4
    ISSN 1745-6924 ; 1745-6916
    ISSN (online) 1745-6924
    ISSN 1745-6916
    DOI 10.1177/17456916231185775
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: What Happens When Payments End? Fostering Long-Term Behavior Change With Financial Incentives.

    Winkler-Schor, Sophia / Brauer, Markus

    Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science

    2024  , Page(s) 17456916241247152

    Abstract: Financial incentives are widely used to get people to adopt desirable behaviors. Many small landholders in developing countries, for example, receive multiyear payments to engage in conservation behaviors, and the hope is that they will continue to ... ...

    Abstract Financial incentives are widely used to get people to adopt desirable behaviors. Many small landholders in developing countries, for example, receive multiyear payments to engage in conservation behaviors, and the hope is that they will continue to engage in these behaviors after the program ends. Although effective in the short term, financial incentives rarely lead to long-term behavior change because program participants tend to revert to their initial behaviors soon after the payments stop. In this article, we propose that four psychological constructs can be leveraged to increase the long-term effectiveness of financial-incentive programs: motivation, habit formation, social norms, and recursive processes. We review successful and unsuccessful behavior-change initiatives involving financial incentives in several domains: public health, education, sustainability, and conservation. We make concrete recommendations on how to implement the four above-mentioned constructs in field settings. Finally, we identify unresolved issues that future research might want to address to advance knowledge, promote theory development, and understand the psychological mechanisms that can be used to improve the effectiveness of incentive programs in the real world.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2224911-4
    ISSN 1745-6924 ; 1745-6916
    ISSN (online) 1745-6924
    ISSN 1745-6916
    DOI 10.1177/17456916241247152
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  3. Article ; Online: Data quality in online human-subjects research: Comparisons between MTurk, Prolific, CloudResearch, Qualtrics, and SONA.

    Douglas, Benjamin D / Ewell, Patrick J / Brauer, Markus

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) e0279720

    Abstract: With the proliferation of online data collection in human-subjects research, concerns have been raised over the presence of inattentive survey participants and non-human respondents (bots). We compared the quality of the data collected through five ... ...

    Abstract With the proliferation of online data collection in human-subjects research, concerns have been raised over the presence of inattentive survey participants and non-human respondents (bots). We compared the quality of the data collected through five commonly used platforms. Data quality was indicated by the percentage of participants who meaningfully respond to the researcher's question (high quality) versus those who only contribute noise (low quality). We found that compared to MTurk, Qualtrics, or an undergraduate student sample (i.e., SONA), participants on Prolific and CloudResearch were more likely to pass various attention checks, provide meaningful answers, follow instructions, remember previously presented information, have a unique IP address and geolocation, and work slowly enough to be able to read all the items. We divided the samples into high- and low-quality respondents and computed the cost we paid per high-quality respondent. Prolific ($1.90) and CloudResearch ($2.00) were cheaper than MTurk ($4.36) and Qualtrics ($8.17). SONA cost $0.00, yet took the longest to collect the data.
    MeSH term(s) Data Accuracy ; Humans ; Research Subjects ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0279720
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  4. Article ; Online: Gamification to prevent climate change: a review of games and apps for sustainability.

    Douglas, Benjamin D / Brauer, Markus

    Current opinion in psychology

    2021  Volume 42, Page(s) 89–94

    Abstract: Gamification, the application of game design principles to a nongaming context, has been used to promote pro-environmental behaviors. Such principles have been implemented in board games, team competitions, electronic games, smartphone apps, and in apps ... ...

    Abstract Gamification, the application of game design principles to a nongaming context, has been used to promote pro-environmental behaviors. Such principles have been implemented in board games, team competitions, electronic games, smartphone apps, and in apps that researchers developed primarily to collect data. We review the games and apps that have been evaluated in empirical research in the last 5 years and provide a list of apps and games that have yet to be tested. Gamification has been used for sustainability education, energy reduction, transportation, air quality, waste management, and water conservation. Although we do not know yet why certain games and apps are more effective than others, gamification appears to be a promising avenue for preventing climate change.
    MeSH term(s) Climate Change ; Gamification ; Humans ; Mobile Applications ; Video Games
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-01
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2831565-0
    ISSN 2352-2518 ; 2352-250X ; 2352-250X
    ISSN (online) 2352-2518 ; 2352-250X
    ISSN 2352-250X
    DOI 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.04.008
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  5. Book ; Online: Tollwut und Hunde

    Brauer, Markus / Deutsche Presseagentur. Archiv

    Gegen Tollwut hilft nur Impfen ; Wie oft ist Impfung gegen Tollwut bei Hunden nötig?

    2022  

    Abstract: Bei Hunden und Wildtieren ist Tollwut in Deutschland ausgerottet. Theoretisch sind Übertragungen aber möglich – durch Fledermäuse oder durch aus Tollwutgebieten importierte Tiere. Wie kann man seinen Hund vor Tollwut schützen? ...

    Abstract Bei Hunden und Wildtieren ist Tollwut in Deutschland ausgerottet. Theoretisch sind Übertragungen aber möglich – durch Fledermäuse oder durch aus Tollwutgebieten importierte Tiere. Wie kann man seinen Hund vor Tollwut schützen?
    Keywords Text ; ddc:630 ; Pressespiegel -- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut -- Forschung -- Tollwut -- Impfung -- Hund
    Language German
    Publishing date 2022-05-18
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Is discrimination widespread? Testing assumptions about bias on a university campus.

    Campbell, Mitchell R / Brauer, Markus

    Journal of experimental psychology. General

    2020  Volume 150, Issue 4, Page(s) 756–777

    Abstract: Discrimination has persisted in our society despite steady improvements in explicit attitudes toward marginalized social groups. The most common explanation for this apparent paradox is that due to implicit biases, most individuals behave in slightly ... ...

    Abstract Discrimination has persisted in our society despite steady improvements in explicit attitudes toward marginalized social groups. The most common explanation for this apparent paradox is that due to implicit biases, most individuals behave in slightly discriminatory ways outside of their own awareness (the dispersed discrimination account). Another explanation holds that a numerical minority of individuals who are moderately or highly biased are responsible for most observed discriminatory behaviors (the concentrated discrimination account). We tested these 2 accounts against each other in a series of studies at a large, public university (total N = 16,600). In 4 large-scale surveys, students from marginalized groups reported that they generally felt welcome and respected on campus (albeit less so than nonmarginalized students) and that a numerical minority of their peers (around 20%) engage in subtle or explicit forms of discrimination. In 5 field experiments with 8 different samples, we manipulated the social group membership of trained confederates and measured the behaviors of naïve bystanders. The results showed that between 5% and 20% of the participants treated the confederates belonging to marginalized groups more negatively than nonmarginalized confederates. Our findings are inconsistent with the dispersed discrimination account but support the concentrated discrimination account. The Pareto principle states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. Our results suggest that the Pareto principle also applies to discrimination, at least at the large, public university where the studies were conducted. We discuss implications for prodiversity initiatives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Attitude ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Peer Group ; Prejudice ; Social Discrimination ; Universities ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis
    ZDB-ID 189732-9
    ISSN 1939-2222 ; 0096-3445
    ISSN (online) 1939-2222
    ISSN 0096-3445
    DOI 10.1037/xge0000983
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2255: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  7. Article ; Online: Incorporating Social-Marketing Insights Into Prejudice Research: Advancing Theory and Demonstrating Real-World Applications.

    Campbell, Mitchell R / Brauer, Markus

    Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science

    2020  Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 608–629

    Abstract: Prejudice researchers have proposed a number of methods to reduce prejudice, drawing on and, in turn, contributing to our theoretical understanding of prejudice. Despite this progress, relatively few of these methods have been shown to reliably improve ... ...

    Abstract Prejudice researchers have proposed a number of methods to reduce prejudice, drawing on and, in turn, contributing to our theoretical understanding of prejudice. Despite this progress, relatively few of these methods have been shown to reliably improve intergroup relations in real-world settings, resulting in a gap between our theoretical understanding of prejudice and real-world applications of prejudice-reduction methods. In this article, we suggest that incorporating principles from another field, social marketing, into prejudice research can help address this gap. Specifically, we describe three social-marketing principles and discuss how each could be used by prejudice researchers. Several areas for future research inspired by these principles are discussed. We suggest that a hybrid approach to research that uses both theory-based and problem-based principles can provide additional tools for field practitioners aiming to improve intergroup relations while leading to new advances in social-psychological theory.
    MeSH term(s) Attention ; Awareness ; Humans ; Prejudice/psychology ; Research ; Research Design ; Social Marketing ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Thinking
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2224911-4
    ISSN 1745-6924 ; 1745-6916
    ISSN (online) 1745-6924
    ISSN 1745-6916
    DOI 10.1177/1745691619896622
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  8. Article ; Online: Mücken werden als Überträger von Krankheiten immer gefährlicher

    Brauer, Markus / Deutsche Presse-Agentur

    2021  

    Abstract: Stechmücken werden nach Forscherangaben immer gefährlicher. Nicht nur die eingewanderten exotischen Arten können Krankheitserreger übertragen. Heimische Stechmücken verbreiten inzwischen das aus Afrika stammende West-Nil-Virus. ...

    Abstract Stechmücken werden nach Forscherangaben immer gefährlicher. Nicht nur die eingewanderten exotischen Arten können Krankheitserreger übertragen. Heimische Stechmücken verbreiten inzwischen das aus Afrika stammende West-Nil-Virus.
    Keywords Text ; ddc:610 ; Pressespiegel -- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut -- Forschung -- Mücke -- Stechmücke -- Verbreitung -- Deutschland -- Krankheitserreger
    Language German
    Publishing date 2021-03-10
    Publishing country de
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Red Media vs. Blue Media: Social Distancing and Partisan News Media Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Borah, Porismita / Ghosh, Shreenita / Hwang, Juwon / Shah, Dhavan V / Brauer, Markus

    Health communication

    2023  Volume 39, Issue 2, Page(s) 417–427

    Abstract: Political polarization surrounding the COVID-19 health crisis has been on the rise since the beginning of the pandemic. We combine prior research on motivated reasoning, selective exposure, and news framing to understand the association between partisan ... ...

    Abstract Political polarization surrounding the COVID-19 health crisis has been on the rise since the beginning of the pandemic. We combine prior research on motivated reasoning, selective exposure, and news framing to understand the association between partisan media use and social distancing behavior related to COVID-19. To do so, we collected media content data and national survey data during the onset of the pandemic. We employed structural topic modeling (STM), dependency parsing, word co-occurrence, and manual coding to examine the media coverage. Next, we analyzed survey data collected with a Qualtrics panel from a sample of U.S. residents for factors explaining social distancing behaviors. Results reveal coverage from the right leaning outlets downplayed the virus and highlighted the consequences of lockdowns on the economy. Our survey findings show that even after accounting for a range of demographic, political orientation, and COVID-19 awareness variables, conservative media use was linked, although modestly, with a lower likelihood of social distancing behavior. Our findings echo past research on media framing of pandemics and their association with public attitudes and behavior.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Physical Distancing ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Communicable Disease Control ; Social Media
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1038723-7
    ISSN 1532-7027 ; 1041-0236
    ISSN (online) 1532-7027
    ISSN 1041-0236
    DOI 10.1080/10410236.2023.2167584
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2769: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Communication Strategies of Transplant Hematologists in High-Risk Decision-Making Conversations.

    Rodenbach, Rachel A / Thordardottir, Thorunn / Brauer, Markus / Hall, Aric C / Ward, Earlise / Smith, Cardinale B / Campbell, Toby C

    JCO oncology practice

    2024  Volume 20, Issue 4, Page(s) 538–548

    Abstract: Purpose: Shared decision making (SDM) is essential to empower patients with blood cancers to make goal-concordant decisions about allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. This study characterizes communication strategies used by hematologists to ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Shared decision making (SDM) is essential to empower patients with blood cancers to make goal-concordant decisions about allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. This study characterizes communication strategies used by hematologists to discuss treatment options and facilitate SDM with patients in this high-risk, high-reward setting.
    Methods and materials: We recruited US hematologists who routinely perform allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant through email. Participants conducted up to an hour-long video-recorded encounter with an actor portraying a 67-year-old man with recently diagnosed high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. We transcribed and qualitatively analyzed video-recorded data.
    Results: The mean age of participants (N = 37) was 44 years, 65% male, and 68% White. Many hematologists included similar key points in this initial consultation, although varied in how much detail they provided. Their discussion of treatment options included transplant and chemotherapy and less commonly supportive care or clinical trials. They often emphasized transplant's potential for cure, discussed transplant chronologically from pretransplant considerations through the post-transplant course, and outlined risks, complications, and major outcomes. Hematologists referred to several elements that formed the basis of treatment decision making. The strength of their treatment recommendations ranged from strong recommendations for transplant or chemotherapy to deferrals pending more information. Hematologists also varied in the extent to which they indicated the decision was physician-driven, patient-led, or shared.
    Conclusion: The transplant decision-making discussion is complex. Identification of similar content areas used by hematologists can be used as the basis for a communication tool to help hematologists discuss allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant with patients.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Communication ; Decision Making, Shared ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3028198-2
    ISSN 2688-1535 ; 2688-1527
    ISSN (online) 2688-1535
    ISSN 2688-1527
    DOI 10.1200/OP.23.00574
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