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Article ; Online: Component-Resolved Diagnosis Based on a Recombinant Variant of Mus m 1 Lipocalin Allergen.

Ferrari, Elena / Breda, Daniela / Spisni, Alberto / Burastero, Samuele E

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 2

Abstract: Exposure to the Mus m 1 aeroallergen is a significant risk factor for laboratory animal allergy. This allergen, primarily expressed in mouse urine where it is characterized by a marked and dynamic polymorphism, is also present in epithelium and dander. ... ...

Abstract	Exposure to the Mus m 1 aeroallergen is a significant risk factor for laboratory animal allergy. This allergen, primarily expressed in mouse urine where it is characterized by a marked and dynamic polymorphism, is also present in epithelium and dander. Considering the relevance of sequence/structure assessment in protein antigenic reactivity, we compared the sequence of the variant Mus m 1.0102 to other members of the Mus m 1 allergen, and used Discotope 2.0 to predict conformational epitopes based on its 3D-structure. Conventional diagnosis of mouse allergy is based on serum IgE testing, using an epithelial extract as the antigen source. Given the heterogeneous and variable composition of extracts, we developed an indirect ELISA assay based on the recombinant component Mus m 1.0102. The assay performed with adequate precision and reasonable diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.87) compared to a routine clinical diagnostic test that exploits the native allergen. Recombinant Mus m 1.0102 turned out to be a valuable tool to study the fine epitope mapping of specific IgE reactivity to the major allergen responsible for mouse allergy. We believe that advancing in its functional characterization will lead to the standardization of murine lipocalins and to the development of allergen-specific immunotherapy.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Allergens ; Lipocalins/genetics ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Immunoglobulin E ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Allergens ; Lipocalins ; Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0) ; Recombinant Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24021193
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Serological proteome analysis identifies crustacean myosin heavy chain type 1 protein and house dust mite Der p 14 as cross-reacting allergens.

Conti, Antonio / Alqassir, Noor / Breda, Daniela / Zanardi, Alan / Alessio, Massimo / Burastero, Samuele E

Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University

2023 Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) 107–112

Abstract: Background: Allergies to house dust mite (HDM) and to crustaceans are clinically and pathogenically linked. Several homologous allergenic proteins have been identified, among which tropomyosin is the prototype, expressing epitopes endowed with variable ... ...

Abstract	Background: Allergies to house dust mite (HDM) and to crustaceans are clinically and pathogenically linked. Several homologous allergenic proteins have been identified, among which tropomyosin is the prototype, expressing epitopes endowed with variable levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) cross-reactivity. Component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) does not allow a thorough characterization of all relevant IgE reactivities to these allergen sources. Objectives: We studied 1 patient allergic to shrimp with positive skin prick test to HDM and negative scores for IgE to HDM allergen components routinely used in CRD (group 1 and 2 allergens, Der p 23 and tropomyosin). Material and methods: In order to identify the allergen(s) involved in IgE reactivity, we used serological proteome analysis (SERPA), which utilizes two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), immunoblotting and mass spectrometry (MS). The identified allergenic proteins were tested with sera from 20 crustacean-allergic patients and 19 grass-allergic patients serving as controls. Results: Der p 14 and myosin heavy chain type 1 (MHC1) were identified as the components recognized by patient's IgE in the proteome of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Penaeus monodon, respectively. The MHC1 protein shows about 30% sequence identity with Der p 14 in specific domains, and cross-reactivity against epitopes shared by the 2 proteins was demonstrated by reduced reactivity to shrimp extract following pre-incubation with Der p 14. Serum IgE from 5 out of 20 patients allergic to crustaceans reacted with MHC1, compared to none among 19 controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We identified MHC1 as a relevant allergic component in the proteome of Penaeus monodon, the prototypic allergen source used in diagnosis of allergy to crustaceans. Our data demonstrate MHC1 cross-reactivity between MHC1 and Der p 14 from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Allergens ; Epitopes/chemistry ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; Proteome ; Pyroglyphidae ; Tropomyosin/chemistry ; Shellfish Hypersensitivity ; Cross Reactions
Chemical Substances	Allergens ; Epitopes ; Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0) ; Myosin Heavy Chains (EC 3.6.4.1) ; Proteome ; Tropomyosin
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-07
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2270257-X
ISSN	1899-5276 ; 1230-025X
ISSN	1899-5276 ; 1230-025X
DOI	10.17219/acem/158773
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Article ; Online: Basal Serum Diamine Oxidase Levels as a Biomarker of Histamine Intolerance: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Cucca, Valentina / Ramirez, Giuseppe A / Pignatti, Patrizia / Asperti, Chiara / Russo, Marco / Della-Torre, Emanuel / Breda, Daniela / Burastero, Samuele E / Dagna, Lorenzo / Yacoub, Mona-Rita

Nutrients

2022 Volume 14, Issue 7

Abstract: Background: Histamine Intolerance (HIT) is a multifaceted pseudoallergic disorder possibly due to defective histamine metabolism. Diamine oxidase (DAO) contributes to histamine degradation and can be measured in the serum. The role of DAO measurement in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Histamine Intolerance (HIT) is a multifaceted pseudoallergic disorder possibly due to defective histamine metabolism. Diamine oxidase (DAO) contributes to histamine degradation and can be measured in the serum. The role of DAO measurement in the diagnostic work-up of HIT still remains unclear, and conflicting results have been reported in the literature. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the possible clinical usefulness and consistency of DAO value ranges as provided by the assay manufacturer and verify whether they could predict the response to treatment. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 192 outpatients with HIT symptoms and measured serum DAO values at baseline. Patients were prescribed either with low-histamine diet and/or enzymatic supplementation according to symptom severity and re-evaluated six to eight months later. Patients were stratified into three groups according to DAO levels: <3 U/mL, 3−10 U/mL, and >10 U/mL. HIT severity was assessed on a scale of 1 to 5 before and after treatment. Results: A total of 146 patients completed the study. Gastrointestinal and cutaneous symptoms, often associated with headache, were more frequent in subjects with DAO < 10 U/mL. Symptom severity and DAO ranges were correlated. Patients with intermediate DAO levels (3−10 U/mL) showed a more complex clinical phenotype but also a more significant improvement in symptom severity (score reduction 50%, interquartile range (IQR) = 33−60%) when compared to patients with low DAO (40%, IQR = 20−60%; p = 0.045) or high DAO (33%, IQR = 0−50%; p < 0.001). Complex clinical phenotypes were also more frequent in patients with intermediate DAO levels. Conclusions: HIT is characterized by typical symptoms and low levels of DAO activity. Symptom severity was associated with the degree of DAO deficiency. Patients with DAO values between 3 and 10 U/mL show the best response to treatment (low-histamine diet and/or DAO supplementation). DAO value could arguably be considered as a predictor of clinical response to treatment. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these data.
MeSH term(s)	Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)/metabolism ; Biomarkers ; Headache ; Histamine/adverse effects ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Histamine (820484N8I3) ; Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) (EC 1.4.3.21)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14071513
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Article ; Online: Diamine Oxidase Supplementation in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study.

Yacoub, Mona-Rita / Ramirez, Giuseppe A / Berti, Alvise / Mercurio, Giuseppe / Breda, Daniela / Saporiti, Nicoletta / Burastero, Samuele / Dagna, Lorenzo / Colombo, Giselda

International archives of allergy and immunology

2018 Volume 176, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 268–271

Abstract: Introduction: Diamine oxidase (DAO) catabolizes and inactivates histamine, a key player in a wide range of invalidating conditions, such as migraine and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). The highest expression of DAO occurs in the gastrointestinal ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Diamine oxidase (DAO) catabolizes and inactivates histamine, a key player in a wide range of invalidating conditions, such as migraine and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). The highest expression of DAO occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, possibly to control the burden of histamine intake from food. Methods: Here, we tested the hypothesis that a 30-day oral supplementation with DAO (1 capsule b.i.d., 15 min before a meal) could reduce the severity of CSU as estimated by the 7-Day Urticaria Activity Score (UAS-7). The study was designed as a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover investigation of 22 patients with CSU incompletely controlled by first-line antihistamine therapy. Results: Twenty patients completed the study. Supplemental therapy with DAO caused a 3.8 ± 1.2 point mean ± SEM UAS-7 score reduction in patients with low serum DAO levels at time 0 (p = 0.041 compared to placebo). The degree of UAS-7 improvement was inversely correlated with the levels of basal DAO (p = 0.019). Patients receiving DAO supplementation were able to slightly reduce their daily antihistamine dose (p = 0.049). Conclusion: These data suggest that DAO may be involved in the pathogenic cascade of CSU and that DAO supplementation could be effective for symptom relief in patients with low DAO levels in serum.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)/administration & dosage ; Chronic Disease ; Cross-Over Studies ; Dietary Supplements ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urticaria/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) (EC 1.4.3.21)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	1108932-5
ISSN	1423-0097 ; 1018-2438
ISSN (online)	1423-0097
ISSN	1018-2438
DOI	10.1159/000488142
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Article: Diamine Oxidase Supplementation in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

Yacoub, Mona-Rita / Ramirez, Giuseppe A. / Berti, Alvise / Mercurio, Giuseppe / Breda, Daniela / Saporiti, Nicoletta / Burastero, Samuele / Dagna, Lorenzo / Colombo, Giselda

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology

2018 Volume 176, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 268–271

Institution	Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy Unit of Cellular and Molecular Allergology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
Abstract	Introduction: Diamine oxidase (DAO) catabolizes and inactivates histamine, a key player in a wide range of invalidating conditions, such as migraine and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). The highest expression of DAO occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, possibly to control the burden of histamine intake from food. Methods: Here, we tested the hypothesis that a 30-day oral supplementation with DAO (1 capsule b.i.d., 15 min before a meal) could reduce the severity of CSU as estimated by the 7-Day Urticaria Activity Score (UAS-7). The study was designed as a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover investigation of 22 patients with CSU incompletely controlled by first-line antihistamine therapy. Results: Twenty patients completed the study. Supplemental therapy with DAO caused a 3.8 ± 1.2 point mean ± SEM UAS-7 score reduction in patients with low serum DAO levels at time 0 (p = 0.041 compared to placebo). The degree of UAS-7 improvement was inversely correlated with the levels of basal DAO (p = 0.019). Patients receiving DAO supplementation were able to slightly reduce their daily antihistamine dose (p = 0.049). Conclusion: These data suggest that DAO may be involved in the pathogenic cascade of CSU and that DAO supplementation could be effective for symptom relief in patients with low DAO levels in serum.
Keywords	Diamine oxidase ; Chronic spontaneous urticaria ; Histamine ; Histamine intolerance
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-26
Publisher	S. Karger AG
Publishing place	Basel, Switzerland
Document type	Article
Note	Clinical Allergology - Short Communication
ZDB-ID	1108932-5
ISSN	1423-0097 ; 1018-2438
ISSN (online)	1423-0097
ISSN	1018-2438
DOI	10.1159/000488142
Database	Karger publisher's database

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Article ; Online: Phleum pratense manganese superoxide dismutase identified by proteomic: a new candidate grass allergen.

Conti, Antonio / Alessio, Massimo / Pesca, Mariasabina / Soldarini, Armando / Breda, Daniela / Pigatto, Paolo D / Burastero, Samuele E

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology

2014 Volume 112, Issue 3, Page(s) 261

MeSH term(s)	Allergens/immunology ; Allergens/isolation & purification ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E/immunology ; Phleum/enzymology ; Plant Extracts/immunology ; Poaceae/immunology ; Pollen/immunology ; Proteomics ; Sequence Analysis, Protein ; Superoxide Dismutase/immunology ; Superoxide Dismutase/isolation & purification
Chemical Substances	Allergens ; Plant Extracts ; Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0) ; Superoxide Dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1228189-x
ISSN	1534-4436 ; 0003-4738 ; 1081-1206
ISSN (online)	1534-4436
ISSN	0003-4738 ; 1081-1206
DOI	10.1016/j.anai.2013.12.015
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Article: Allergen microarrays on high-sensitivity silicon slides

Cretich, Marina / Breda, Daniela / Damin, Francesco / Borghi, Marta / Sola, Laura / Unlu, Selim M / Burastero, Samuele E / Chiari, Marcella

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2010 Oct., v. 398, no. 4

2010

Abstract: We have recently introduced a silicon substrate for high-sensitivity microarrays, coated with a functional polymer named copoly(DMA-NAS-MAPS). The silicon dioxide thickness has been optimized to produce a fluorescence intensification due to the optical ... ...

Abstract	We have recently introduced a silicon substrate for high-sensitivity microarrays, coated with a functional polymer named copoly(DMA-NAS-MAPS). The silicon dioxide thickness has been optimized to produce a fluorescence intensification due to the optical constructive interference between the incident and reflected lights of the fluorescent radiation. The polymeric coating efficiently suppresses aspecific interaction, making the low background a distinctive feature of these slides. Here, we used the new silicon microarray substrate for allergy diagnosis, in the detection of specific IgE in serum samples of subjects with sensitizations to inhalant allergens. We compared the performance of silicon versus glass substrates. Reproducibility data were measured. Moreover, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to discriminate between the allergy and no allergy status in 30 well-characterized serum samples. We found that reproducibility of the microarray on glass supports was not different from available data on allergen arrays, whereas the reproducibility on the silicon substrate was consistently better than on glass. Moreover, silicon significantly enhanced the performance of the allergen microarray as compared to glass in accurately identifying allergic patients spanning a wide range of specific IgE titers to the considered allergens.
Keywords	fluorescence ; hypersensitivity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2010-10
Size	p. 1723-1733.
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publishing place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ISSN	1618-2642
DOI	10.1007/s00216-010-4077-x
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Platinum group elements enhance the allergic immune response by acting on dendritic cells.

Paolucci, Clara / Ponti, Jessica / Fabbri, Monica V / Breda, Daniela / Sabbioni, Enrico / Burastero, Samuele E

International archives of allergy and immunology

2007 Volume 143, Issue 3, Page(s) 225–236

Abstract: Background: Atmospheric pollution may play a role in the immune response to allergens either directly or by entering the food chain. While particulate platinum group elements (PLGE) emitted by catalytic converters can be considered biologically inert, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Atmospheric pollution may play a role in the immune response to allergens either directly or by entering the food chain. While particulate platinum group elements (PLGE) emitted by catalytic converters can be considered biologically inert, approximately 10% of these species accumulate in the environment as bioavailable soluble forms. Methods: We challenged in vitro human immature and mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells with subtoxic concentrations of soluble species of PLGE. Dendritic cells were studied both at baseline and following treatment with Na(2)PtCl(6), Na(2)PdCl(6) or Na(3)RhCl(6). (NH(4))(6)Mo(7)O(24) was included as control. The following end-points were considered: expression of differentiation markers, effectiveness of allergen presentation and Th2 cytokine production by cocultured T lymphocytes, expression of IgE-type I receptor and efficiency of IgE-dependent endocytosis. Results: We found that treatment with PLGE (but not with the control metal) increased costimulatory molecule expression and antigen presentation, amplified IL-5 production by cocultured T lymphocytes, upregulated IgE-type I receptor membrane expression, and augmented IgE-type I receptor-mediated endocytosis. Conclusions: We conclude that PLGE have an adjuvant-like effect on dendritic cells that can favor and amplify the immune response to allergens.
MeSH term(s)	Antigen Presentation/drug effects ; Antigen Presentation/immunology ; B7-1 Antigen/drug effects ; B7-1 Antigen/immunology ; B7-2 Antigen/drug effects ; B7-2 Antigen/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Dendritic Cells/drug effects ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects ; Lymphocyte Activation/immunology ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects ; Particulate Matter/immunology ; Platinum Compounds/immunology ; Receptors, IgE/drug effects ; Receptors, IgE/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Chemical Substances	B7-1 Antigen ; B7-2 Antigen ; Particulate Matter ; Platinum Compounds ; Receptors, IgE
Language	English
Publishing date	2007
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1108932-5
ISSN	1423-0097 ; 1018-2438
ISSN (online)	1423-0097
ISSN	1018-2438
DOI	10.1159/000099466
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Article ; Online: Allergen microarrays on high-sensitivity silicon slides.

Cretich, Marina / Breda, Daniela / Damin, Francesco / Borghi, Marta / Sola, Laura / Unlu, Selim M / Burastero, Samuele E / Chiari, Marcella

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry

2010 Volume 398, Issue 4, Page(s) 1723–1733

Abstract	We have recently introduced a silicon substrate for high-sensitivity microarrays, coated with a functional polymer named copoly(DMA-NAS-MAPS). The silicon dioxide thickness has been optimized to produce a fluorescence intensification due to the optical constructive interference between the incident and reflected lights of the fluorescent radiation. The polymeric coating efficiently suppresses aspecific interaction, making the low background a distinctive feature of these slides. Here, we used the new silicon microarray substrate for allergy diagnosis, in the detection of specific IgE in serum samples of subjects with sensitizations to inhalant allergens. We compared the performance of silicon versus glass substrates. Reproducibility data were measured. Moreover, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to discriminate between the allergy and no allergy status in 30 well-characterized serum samples. We found that reproducibility of the microarray on glass supports was not different from available data on allergen arrays, whereas the reproducibility on the silicon substrate was consistently better than on glass. Moreover, silicon significantly enhanced the performance of the allergen microarray as compared to glass in accurately identifying allergic patients spanning a wide range of specific IgE titers to the considered allergens.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Allergens/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/blood ; Hypersensitivity/diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protein Array Analysis/instrumentation ; Protein Array Analysis/methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Silicon Dioxide/chemistry ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Allergens ; Silicon Dioxide (7631-86-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-10
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	201093-8
ISSN	1618-2650 ; 0016-1152 ; 0372-7920
ISSN (online)	1618-2650
ISSN	0016-1152 ; 0372-7920
DOI	10.1007/s00216-010-4077-x
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Article: Effect of sublingual immunotherapy with grass monomeric allergoid on allergen-specific T-cell proliferation and interleukin 10 production.

Burastero, Samuele E / Mistrello, Gianni / Falagiani, Paolo / Paolucci, Clara / Breda, Daniela / Roncarolo, Daniela / Zanotta, Stefania / Monasterolo, Giorgio / Rossi, Renato E

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology

2008 Volume 100, Issue 4, Page(s) 343–350

Abstract: Background: Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is safe and efficacious in the treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis. Although favorable clinical effects have been observed with controlled trials as early as a few months since the beginning of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is safe and efficacious in the treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis. Although favorable clinical effects have been observed with controlled trials as early as a few months since the beginning of treatment, few biological changes induced by SLIT have been demonstrated. Objective: To investigate in grass-allergic patients the effect of a 2-month SLIT regimen, administered with a simplified protocol without up-dosing, on proliferation and production of cytokines characteristic of the regulatory T-cell phenotype (interleukin 10 [IL-10] and transforming growth factor beta [TGF-beta]) by allergen-specific T cells. Methods: Patients were recruited to the study in January 2006. SLIT was performed by self-administration and was continued for 60 days from February to April 2006. Eleven grass pollen-allergic patients with seasonal rhinitis were treated daily before the pollen season for 2 months with a modified allergen (monomeric allergoid) derived from a 3-grass pollen extract. Allergen-specific proliferation and production of IL-10 and TGF-beta were measured on peripheral blood mononuclear cells at baseline and treatment end. Tetanus toxoid served as the control antigen. Results: After SLIT, allergen-specific (P = .002) but not tetanus toxoid-specific proliferation decreased, whereas IL-10 transcription increased (P < .001). TGB-beta transcription was also increased after treatment, although not statistically significantly (P = .06). Changes in proliferation to allergen and in IL-10 transcription were correlated (r = -0.82, P = .003). Conclusions: A short-term course of SLIT with modified allergen in grass-allergic patients is associated with the reduction of allergen-specific proliferation and with the up-regulation of the IL-10 regulatory cytokine.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Sublingual ; Adult ; Allergens/administration & dosage ; Allergens/immunology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Interleukin-10/biosynthesis ; Interleukin-10/blood ; Interleukin-10/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Plant Extracts/administration & dosage ; Plant Extracts/immunology ; Poaceae/immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/blood ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology
Chemical Substances	Allergens ; Allergoid ; Plant Extracts ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Interleukin-10 (130068-27-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1228189-x
ISSN	1534-4436 ; 1081-1206 ; 0003-4738
ISSN (online)	1534-4436
ISSN	1081-1206 ; 0003-4738
DOI	10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60597-2
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