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  1. Article ; Online: What Works to Increase Vaccination Uptake.

    Brewer, Noel T

    Academic pediatrics

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 4S, Page(s) S9–S16

    Abstract: Behavioral science offers several ideas about what it takes to get people to vaccinate. Colleagues and I previously reviewed the evidence for these propositions and put forward what has become known as the Increasing Vaccination Model. To make the model ... ...

    Abstract Behavioral science offers several ideas about what it takes to get people to vaccinate. Colleagues and I previously reviewed the evidence for these propositions and put forward what has become known as the Increasing Vaccination Model. To make the model more accessible to practitioners, the current paper summarizes the main insights from the earlier work. First, observational studies show clearly that thoughts and feelings are correlated with vaccine uptake. Such constructs include perceived risk of harm from infectious disease and confidence in vaccine safety and efficacy. However, interventions have not generally shown that changing thoughts and feelings increases vaccine uptake. Second, social processes are promising in observational studies. Such constructs include social norms, altruism, and sharing through social media. More research is needed in this promising area before it will be possible to conclude whether social processes are effective intervention targets. Third, interventions that directly change behavior-without trying to change what people think or feel or their social experience-are reliably effective ways to increase vaccine uptake. Such interventions include reminders, defaults, and vaccine requirements. Finally, the most potent intervention for increasing vaccine uptake is a health care provider recommendation, but it is still unclear whether such recommendations are effective because they increase confidence, set a social norm, or reflect a direct behavior change technique. The paper ends by describing use of the model by a World Health Organization working group as it considers opportunities to address low vaccination uptake globally.
    MeSH term(s) Behavior Therapy ; Emotions ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Vaccination ; Vaccines
    Chemical Substances Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2483385-X
    ISSN 1876-2867 ; 1876-2859
    ISSN (online) 1876-2867
    ISSN 1876-2859
    DOI 10.1016/j.acap.2021.01.017
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: It's Time for a National Surveillance System for Vaccine Confidence and Hesitancy.

    Gilkey, Melissa B / Brewer, Noel T

    Pediatrics

    2023  Volume 152, Issue 5

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; COVID-19 ; Vaccines ; Vaccination ; Parents
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 207677-9
    ISSN 1098-4275 ; 0031-4005
    ISSN (online) 1098-4275
    ISSN 0031-4005
    DOI 10.1542/peds.2023-063169
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Reply to: holistic effort at curbing tobacco use essential in the US.

    Ebrahimi Kalan, Mohammad / Brewer, Noel T

    Lancet regional health. Americas

    2023  Volume 24, Page(s) 100550

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2667-193X
    ISSN (online) 2667-193X
    DOI 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100550
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Longitudinal transitions in e-cigarette and cigarette use among US adults: prospective cohort study.

    Ebrahimi Kalan, Mohammad / Brewer, Noel T

    Lancet regional health. Americas

    2023  Volume 22, Page(s) 100508

    Abstract: Background: To support tobacco control efforts, this study sought to characterize longitudinal transitions in use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and cigarettes.: Methods: Participants were nationally representative samples of 53,729 ... ...

    Abstract Background: To support tobacco control efforts, this study sought to characterize longitudinal transitions in use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and cigarettes.
    Methods: Participants were nationally representative samples of 53,729 US adults from Waves 3-5 (2015-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. We examined behavioral transitions (initiation, relapse, progression, and cessation) in ENDS and cigarette use across waves. Weighted generalized estimating equation models adjusted for sociodemographic variables.
    Findings: Of never ENDS users at baseline, an estimated 1.7% reported initiating ENDS use by follow-up. Of former ENDS users, an estimated 12.1% relapsed into ENDS use. Of periodic ENDS users at baseline, 13% progressed to established ENDS use. Of baseline current ENDS users, 46.3% discontinued ENDS use. The corresponding transitions for cigarette smoking were 1.6% (initiation), 4.8% (relapse), 21.1% (progression), and 14% (discontinuation). Adults aged 18-24 (vs. older age), Hispanics (vs. non-Hispanic white), and past 12-month cannabis users were more likely to initiate ENDS or cigarettes (all
    Interpretation: We observed high changeability in ENDS and cigarette use among US adults over time. In absolute terms, ENDS use grew, while smoking fell. Tobacco control programs should focus on priority populations, including young adults and people with internalizing and externalizing mental health symptoms.
    Funding: National Institutes of Health, R01-CA246606-01A1, R01-DA048390.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2667-193X
    ISSN (online) 2667-193X
    DOI 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100508
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Ways That Mental Health Professionals Can Encourage COVID-19 Vaccination.

    Brewer, Noel T / Abad, Neetu

    JAMA psychiatry

    2021  Volume 78, Issue 12, Page(s) 1301–1302

    MeSH term(s) Attitude to Health ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Mental Health Services ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2701203-7
    ISSN 2168-6238 ; 2168-622X
    ISSN (online) 2168-6238
    ISSN 2168-622X
    DOI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2951
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Eliminating cervical cancer as a global public health problem requires equitable action.

    Rahangdale, Lisa / Teodoro, Nicholas / Chinula, Lameck / Brewer, Noel T

    BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    2023  Volume 383, Page(s) 2978

    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Public Health ; Global Health ; Early Detection of Cancer
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1362901-3
    ISSN 1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    ISSN (online) 1756-1833
    ISSN 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    DOI 10.1136/bmj.p2978
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Is a cigarette brand with fewer chemicals safer? Public perceptions in two national US experiments.

    Byron, M Justin / Lazard, Allison J / Brewer, Noel T

    Journal of behavioral medicine

    2022  Volume 45, Issue 5, Page(s) 812–817

    Abstract: By law, the US government must publicly display the quantities of harmful chemicals in cigarettes by brand, but doing so could mislead people to incorrectly think that some cigarettes are safer than others. We evaluated formats for presenting chemical ... ...

    Abstract By law, the US government must publicly display the quantities of harmful chemicals in cigarettes by brand, but doing so could mislead people to incorrectly think that some cigarettes are safer than others. We evaluated formats for presenting chemical quantities side-by-side to see if any were misleading. We recruited US convenience (n = 604) and probability (n = 1440) samples. We randomized participants to 1 of 5 formats: checklist, point estimates, ranges, a visual risk indicator, or no-quantity control. Participants were far more likely to incorrectly endorse one cigarette brand as riskier than the other in the checklist (65% made error), point estimate (67-70%), range (64-67%), or risk indicator (68-75%) conditions as compared to the no-quantity control (1%, all p < .001). Among smokers, erroneous risk perceptions mediated the impact of quantity format on interest in switching brands. People viewing chemical quantities for cigarette brands side-by-side misperceived differences in risk, suggesting limited public health value of this information.
    MeSH term(s) Data Collection ; Humans ; Public Opinion ; Smokers ; Tobacco Products/adverse effects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 441827-x
    ISSN 1573-3521 ; 0160-7715
    ISSN (online) 1573-3521
    ISSN 0160-7715
    DOI 10.1007/s10865-022-00329-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Health Warnings and Beverage Purchase Behavior: Mediators of Impact.

    Grummon, Anna H / Brewer, Noel T

    Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine

    2020  Volume 54, Issue 9, Page(s) 691–702

    Abstract: Background: To reduce diet-related chronic disease, policymakers have proposed requiring health warnings on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Health warnings reduced purchases of these products by 22% in our recent randomized controlled trial, but the ... ...

    Abstract Background: To reduce diet-related chronic disease, policymakers have proposed requiring health warnings on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Health warnings reduced purchases of these products by 22% in our recent randomized controlled trial, but the mechanisms remain unclear.
    Purpose: We sought to identify the psychological mechanisms that explain why SSB health warnings affect purchase behavior.
    Methods: In 2018, we recruited 400 adult SSB consumers to complete a shopping task in a naturalistic convenience store laboratory in North Carolina, USA. We randomly assigned participants to either a health warning arm (all SSBs in the store displayed a text health warning) or to a control arm (SSBs displayed a control label). Participants selected items to purchase with cash.
    Results: Compared to control labels, health warnings elicited more attention, negative affect, anticipated social interactions, and thinking about harms (range of ds = 0.63-1.34; all p < .001). Health warnings also led to higher injunctive norms about limiting SSB consumption (d = 0.27, p = .008). Except for attention, all of these constructs mediated the effect of health warnings on SSB purchases (all p < .05). In contrast, health warnings did not influence other attitudes or beliefs about SSBs or SSB consumption (e.g., healthfulness, outcome expectations, and response efficacy).
    Conclusions: Health warnings on sugar-sweetened beverages affected purchase behavior by eliciting negative emotions, increasing anticipated social interactions, keeping SSBs' harms at top of mind, and shifting norms about beverage consumption. Results are consistent with recent studies of why tobacco warnings influence quitting behavior, pointing toward a general framework for understanding how health warnings affect behavior.
    Clinical trials registration: NCT #03511937.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Consumer Behavior/statistics & numerical data ; Diet ; Drinking Behavior ; Female ; Food Labeling/statistics & numerical data ; Health Behavior ; Health Communication ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Social Interaction ; Sugar-Sweetened Beverages ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 632630-4
    ISSN 1532-4796 ; 0883-6612
    ISSN (online) 1532-4796
    ISSN 0883-6612
    DOI 10.1093/abm/kaaa011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Building better boxes for theories of health behavior: a comment on Williams and Rhodes (2016).

    Brewer, Noel T

    Health psychology review

    2016  Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) 136–139

    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2364161-7
    ISSN 1743-7202 ; 1743-7199
    ISSN (online) 1743-7202
    ISSN 1743-7199
    DOI 10.1080/17437199.2016.1162668
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: HPV vaccine initiation at 9 or 10 years of age and better series completion by age 13 among privately and publicly insured children in the US.

    Saxena, Kunal / Kathe, Niranjan / Sardana, Poorva / Yao, Lixia / Chen, Ya-Ting / Brewer, Noel T

    Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 2161253

    Abstract: The US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice recommends routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination at 11-12 years of age, but states that vaccination may be initiated as early as 9 years. Our primary goal was to assess whether initiating HPV ... ...

    Abstract The US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice recommends routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination at 11-12 years of age, but states that vaccination may be initiated as early as 9 years. Our primary goal was to assess whether initiating HPV vaccination at 9-10 years of age, compared to 11-12, was associated with a higher rate of series completion by 13 years of age, and to identify factors associated with series completion by age 13. The study used vaccine claims and other data from the IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters (privately insured) and IBM MarketScan Multi-State Medicaid (publicly insured) databases. Participants were 9-12 years of age and initiated HPV vaccination between January 2006 and December 2018 (publicly insured) or February 2019 (privately insured). Among 100,117 privately insured individuals, those initiating the HPV vaccination series at 9-10 years of age had a significantly higher series completion rate by 13 years of age than did those initiating at 11-12 years of age (76.2% versus 48.1%;
    MeSH term(s) United States ; Humans ; Female ; Child ; Adolescent ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Medicaid ; Vaccination ; Ethnicity ; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Papillomavirus Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2664176-8
    ISSN 2164-554X ; 2164-5515
    ISSN (online) 2164-554X
    ISSN 2164-5515
    DOI 10.1080/21645515.2022.2161253
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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