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  1. Article ; Online: Readiness for interprofessional learning among health science students: a cross-sectional Q-methodology and likert-based study.

    Oliveira, Ana / Brewer-Deluce, Danielle / Akhtar-Danesh, Noori / Wojkowski, Sarah

    BMC medical education

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 583

    Abstract: Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) prepares healthcare students for collaboration in clinical practice, but the effectiveness of this teaching method depends on students' readiness for and perceptions of IPE. Evaluating students' readiness ... ...

    Abstract Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) prepares healthcare students for collaboration in clinical practice, but the effectiveness of this teaching method depends on students' readiness for and perceptions of IPE. Evaluating students' readiness for and perceptions of IPE is challenging, due to the lack of comprehensive measures. This study characterized the level of IPE readiness and perspectives across first-year undergraduate and graduate health science students using the readiness for interprofessional learning Likert Scale (RIPLS) and Q-methodologies.
    Methods: This is a cross-sectional, online study. Students were randomized to answer the Likert-scale version of RIPLS (80%) or a matched Q-methodology survey (20%). An ANCOVA compared RIPLS scores between students from different program levels (graduate/undergraduate) and specialization (health professional and general programs). The Q-data was analysed using a by-person factor analysis.
    Results: Three hundred and four (33% response rate) and 71 (30% response rate) students completed the Likert scale and the Q-methodology surveys, respectively. Students from graduate programs demonstrated high readiness for IPE (higher total RIPLS scores p < 0.001) in comparison to undergraduates. Three factors, associated with program specialization (p = 0.04), emerged from the Q-methodology analysis characterizing students learning priorities. Students in undergraduate general programs were focused on IPE relevance and benefits to "the clinical team", students in graduate programs focused on "the patient", and those in undergraduate health professional programs focused on themselves ("me").
    Conclusions: This novel mixed-methods approach combining traditional Likert-scales with Q-methodology elucidated not only associations between program and specialization with readiness (Likert) but also which components of IPE were valued the most (Q-methodology) and by whom.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Students ; Learning ; Correlation of Data ; Factor Analysis, Statistical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2044473-4
    ISSN 1472-6920 ; 1472-6920
    ISSN (online) 1472-6920
    ISSN 1472-6920
    DOI 10.1186/s12909-023-04566-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Anatomy beyond the pandemic: A Q-methodology study exploring student perceptions toward a hybrid curriculum.

    Metla, Sai Gayathri / Akhtar-Danesh, Noori / Saini, Jessica / Bayer, Ilana / Mezil, Yasmeen / Brewer-Deluce, Danielle / Wainman, Bruce C

    Anatomical sciences education

    2024  

    Abstract: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, anatomy education was forced to adopt online modes of delivery. Previous research on student views revealed areas of strong preference (asynchronous lectures) and strong dislike (virtual specimens) in online anatomy ... ...

    Abstract As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, anatomy education was forced to adopt online modes of delivery. Previous research on student views revealed areas of strong preference (asynchronous lectures) and strong dislike (virtual specimens) in online anatomy courses. The current study seeks to compare the views of a single cohort of students experiencing both online and in-person undergraduate introductory anatomy and physiology courses. This comparison can highlight what students consider beneficial to their education and can inform future hybrid course offerings. Q-methodology was used to assess the opinions of students. Students sorted 41 statements on anatomy education in a quasi-normally distributed grid based on their degree of agreement with the statements. The rankings underwent a by-person factor analysis which categorized students with shared perceptions into groups. Data were collected from 246 students in the primarily online fall semester and 191 students in the primarily in-person winter semester. Analysis revealed three distinct factors (groups) in the cohort. Factor one (n = 113 (fall), n = 93 (winter)), was satisfied overall with the course materials and delivery. Factor two (n = 52 (fall), n = 18 (winter)) had a deep dislike of online learning, and factor three (n = 37 (fall), n = 49 (winter)) had a strong preference for online learning. While many students were comfortable in both online and in-person learning environments, this was not the case for all learners. The strengths and weaknesses of each teaching modality suggest the opportunity to explore hybrid learning as an option for future course offerings and specifically highlight valuable aspects to incorporate from each environment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2483491-9
    ISSN 1935-9780 ; 1935-9772
    ISSN (online) 1935-9780
    ISSN 1935-9772
    DOI 10.1002/ase.2415
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Determinants of Learning Anatomy in an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment - A Scoping Review.

    Sinha, Sakshi / DeYoung, Veronica / Nehru, Amit / Brewer-Deluce, Danielle / Wainman, Bruce C

    Medical science educator

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 287–297

    Abstract: Given the decline of cadavers as anatomy teaching tools, immersive virtual reality (VR) technology has gained popularity as a potential alternative. To better understand how to maximize the educational potential of VR, this scoping review aimed to ... ...

    Abstract Given the decline of cadavers as anatomy teaching tools, immersive virtual reality (VR) technology has gained popularity as a potential alternative. To better understand how to maximize the educational potential of VR, this scoping review aimed to identify potential determinants of learning anatomy in an immersive VR environment. A literature search yielded 4523 studies, 25 of which were included after screening. Six common factors were derived from secondary outcomes in these papers: cognitive load, cybersickness, student perceptions, stereopsis, spatial understanding, and interactivity. Further objective research investigating the impact of these factors on anatomy examination performance is required.
    Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-022-01701-y.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2156-8650
    ISSN (online) 2156-8650
    DOI 10.1007/s40670-022-01701-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: A longitudinal Q-study to assess changes in students' perceptions at the time of pandemic.

    Akhtar-Danesh, Noori / Brewer-Deluce, Danielle / Saini, Jessica / Wojkowski, Sarah / Bayer, Ilana / Saraco, Anthony N / Pitt, Courtney / Wainman, Bruce

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 8770

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic forced many universities and colleges to rapidly adopt online course delivery. As with any new foray, realizing the optimal aspects of a course to change became incredibly important for course instructors. In this study, we used a ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic forced many universities and colleges to rapidly adopt online course delivery. As with any new foray, realizing the optimal aspects of a course to change became incredibly important for course instructors. In this study, we used a particularly sensitive method, i.e. Q-methodology, to evaluate changes based on students' perceptions from fall 2020 to winter 2021. Q-methodology is commonly used to uncover shared values, opinions, and preferences. Using Q-methodology, students participating in both semesters of an undergraduate anatomy and physiology course were surveyed in fall 2020 and winter 2021. The Q-sample included 44 statements. Data from fall 2020 were treated as the baseline and changes in students' perceptions from 2020 to 2021 were assessed. In total, 31 students completed both fall 2020 and winter 2021 course evaluations. Three salient factors emerged from the fall 2020 evaluation: Overtaxed students, Solo Achievers, and In-Person Learners. At the baseline, students were concerned mostly about the delivery of the course, then the winter 2021 evaluation showed how they were adjusting to online learning. The longitudinal Q-study proved to be robust in identifying changes in perceptions. These granular findings indicate how students might differ in viewing and evaluating online courses. This methodology can be used in redesigning and restructuring different components of an online course in higher education settings.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Attitude ; Students, Medical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-36003-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Size matters! Investigating the effects of model size on anatomy learning.

    Yang, Jack X / DeYoung, Veronica / Xue, Yuanxin / Nehru, Amit / Hildebrand, Alexandra / Brewer-Deluce, Danielle / Wainman, Bruce

    Anatomical sciences education

    2022  Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 415–427

    Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) scanning and printing technology has allowed for the production of anatomical replicas at virtually any size. But what size optimizes the educational potential of 3D printing models? This study systematically investigates the ... ...

    Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) scanning and printing technology has allowed for the production of anatomical replicas at virtually any size. But what size optimizes the educational potential of 3D printing models? This study systematically investigates the effect of model size on nominal anatomy learning. The study population of 380 undergraduate students, without prior anatomical knowledge, were randomized to learn from two of four bone models (either vertebra and pelvic bone [os coxae], or scapula and sphenoid bone), each model 3D printed at 50%, 100%, 200%, and either 300% or 400% of normal size. Participants were then tested on nominal anatomy recall on the respective bone specimens. Mental rotation ability and working memory were also assessed, and opinions regarding learning with the various models were solicited. The diameter of the rotational bounding sphere for the object ("longest diameter") had a small, but significant effect on test score (F(2,707) = 17.15, p < 0.05, R
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Educational Measurement ; Anatomy/education ; Models, Anatomic ; Curriculum ; Students
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2483491-9
    ISSN 1935-9780 ; 1935-9772
    ISSN (online) 1935-9780
    ISSN 1935-9772
    DOI 10.1002/ase.2233
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: National Survey on Canadian Undergraduate Medical Programs: The Decline of the Anatomical Sciences in Canadian Medical Education.

    Rockarts, Jasmine / Brewer-Deluce, Danielle / Shali, Ari / Mohialdin, Vian / Wainman, Bruce

    Anatomical sciences education

    2020  Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 381–389

    Abstract: The anatomical sciences have always been regarded as an essential component of medical education. In Canada, the methodology and time dedicated to anatomy teaching are currently unknown. Two surveys were administered to course directors and discipline ... ...

    Abstract The anatomical sciences have always been regarded as an essential component of medical education. In Canada, the methodology and time dedicated to anatomy teaching are currently unknown. Two surveys were administered to course directors and discipline leaders to gain a comprehensive view of anatomical education in Canadian medical schools. Participants were queried about contact hours (classroom and laboratory), content delivery and assessment methods for gross anatomy, histology, and embryology. Twelve schools responded to both surveys, for an overall response rate of 64%. Overall, Canadian medical students spend 92.8 (± 45.4) hours (mean ± SD) studying gross anatomy, 25.2 (± 21.0) hours for histology, and 7.4 (± 4.3) hours for embryology. Gross anatomy contact hours statistically significantly exceeded those for histology and embryology. Results show that most content is delivered in the first year of medical school, as anatomy is a foundational building block for upper-year courses. Laboratory contact time for gross anatomy was 56.8 (± 30.7) hours, histology was 11.4 (± 16.2) hours, and embryology was 0.25 (± 0.6) hours. Additionally, 42% of programs predominantly used instructor/technician-made prosections, another 33% used a mix of dissection and prosections and 25% have their students complete cadaveric dissections. Teaching is either completely or partially integrated into all Canadian medical curricula. This integration trend in Canada parallels those of other medical schools around the world where programs have begun to decrease contact time in anatomy and increase integration of the anatomical sciences into other courses. Compared to published American data, Canadian schools offer less contact time. The reason for this gap is unknown. Further investigation is required to determine if the amount of anatomical science education within medical school affects students' performance in clerkship, residency and beyond.
    MeSH term(s) Anatomy/education ; Anatomy/statistics & numerical data ; Anatomy/trends ; Canada ; Curriculum/statistics & numerical data ; Curriculum/trends ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/trends ; Educational Measurement/statistics & numerical data ; Faculty/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Schools, Medical/statistics & numerical data ; Schools, Medical/trends ; Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data ; Teaching/statistics & numerical data ; Teaching/trends ; Time Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2483491-9
    ISSN 1935-9780 ; 1935-9772
    ISSN (online) 1935-9780
    ISSN 1935-9772
    DOI 10.1002/ase.1960
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Virtual Reality Bell-Ringer: The Development and Testing of a Stereoscopic Application for Human Gross Anatomy.

    Brewer-Deluce, Danielle / Bak, Alex B / Simms, Abigail J / Sinha, Sakshi / Mitchell, Josh P / Shin, David / Saraco, Anthony N / Wainman, Bruce C

    Anatomical sciences education

    2021  Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) 330–341

    Abstract: As post-secondary education migrates online, developing and evaluating new avenues for assessment in anatomy is paramount. Three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology is one area with the potential to augment or even replace resource-intensive ... ...

    Abstract As post-secondary education migrates online, developing and evaluating new avenues for assessment in anatomy is paramount. Three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology is one area with the potential to augment or even replace resource-intensive cadaver use in anatomical education. This manuscript details the development of a smartphone application, entitled "Virtual Reality Bell-Ringer (VRBR)," capable of displaying monoscopic two-dimensional (2D) or stereoscopic 3D images with the use of an inexpensive cardboard headset for use in spot examinations. Cadaveric image use, creation, and pinning processes are explained, and the source code is provided. To validate this tool, this paper compares traditional laboratory-based spot examination assessment stations against those administered using the VRBR application to test anatomical knowledge. Participants (undergraduate, n = 38; graduate, n = 13) completed three spot examinations specific to their level of study, one in each of the modalities (2D, 3D, laboratory) as well as a mental rotation test (MRT), Stereo Fly stereotest, and cybersickness survey. Repeated measures ANCOVA suggested participants performed significantly better on laboratory and 3D stations compared to 2D stations. Moderate to severe cybersickness symptoms were reported by 63% of participants in at least one category while using the VRBR application. Highest reported symptoms included: eye strain, general discomfort, difficulty focusing, and difficulty concentrating. Overall, the VRBR application is a promising tool for its portability, affordability, and accessibility. Due to reported cybersickness and other technical limitations, the use of VRBR as an alternative to cadaveric specimens presents several challenges when testing anatomy knowledge that must be addressed before widespread adoption.
    MeSH term(s) Anatomy/education ; Cadaver ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Software ; Virtual Reality
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2483491-9
    ISSN 1935-9780 ; 1935-9772
    ISSN (online) 1935-9780
    ISSN 1935-9772
    DOI 10.1002/ase.2074
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Beyond Average Information: How Q-Methodology Enhances Course Evaluations in Anatomy.

    Brewer-Deluce, Danielle / Sharma, Bhanu / Akhtar-Danesh, Noori / Jackson, Thomas / Wainman, Bruce C

    Anatomical sciences education

    2019  Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 137–148

    Abstract: Course evaluations can be used for curriculum improvement and have the potential to better the student learning experience. However, because most are based on Likert scales and open-ended feedback, understanding diversity in student opinion and ... ...

    Abstract Course evaluations can be used for curriculum improvement and have the potential to better the student learning experience. However, because most are based on Likert scales and open-ended feedback, understanding diversity in student opinion and uncovering optimal options for course change and improvement are often difficult. Alternatively, Q-methodology can be used to investigate patterns of thought within a group and may offer greater potential for course reform. This manuscript offers a tutorial-based explanation of the three components of Q-methodology studies (1) survey instrument development, (2) data collection, and (3) analysis and interpretation, then demonstrates, via case study, the use of Q-methodology to evaluate a fourth-year undergraduate pathoanatomy course. The goal of this article is to enable the reader to broadly apply Q-methodology in other courses to gain insight and feedback beyond that offered by traditional Likert scale methods. As demonstrated through the pathoanatomy case study, Q-methodology highlights groups (denoted by factors) of like-minded students that share opinions, preferences, and values. Overall, Q-methodology analyses support course instructors in identifying areas of course strength and improvement in an evidence-based way. This alternative to traditional Likert scales represents a promising solution to ongoing course evaluation limitations.
    MeSH term(s) Anatomy/education ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Program Evaluation/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Evaluation Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2483491-9
    ISSN 1935-9780 ; 1935-9772
    ISSN (online) 1935-9780
    ISSN 1935-9772
    DOI 10.1002/ase.1885
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Concussion-related deficits in the general population predict impairments in varsity footballers.

    Stafford, Clara Alexandra / Stojanoski, Bobby / Wild, Conor J / Brewer-Deluce, Danielle / Wilson, Timothy D / Owen, Adrian M

    Journal of neurology

    2020  Volume 267, Issue 7, Page(s) 1970–1979

    Abstract: Objective: We investigated the long-term cognitive effects of concussion in 19,261 members of the general population and a cohort of varsity American football players with a history of frequent head impacts, using tests that are known to be sensitive to ...

    Abstract Objective: We investigated the long-term cognitive effects of concussion in 19,261 members of the general population and a cohort of varsity American football players with a history of frequent head impacts, using tests that are known to be sensitive to small changes in performance.
    Methods: We asked 19,261 participants to complete a demographic questionnaire and 12 cognitive tests measuring aspects of executive function, including inhibitory control. We compared the performance of those reporting a history of concussion (post-concussion) to those reporting no history of concussion (non-concussed) on the cognitive battery and four non-cognitive variables. We used the results of this population-level study to predict the profile of cognitive performance in varsity American football players, who completed the same cognitive tasks.
    Results: Post-concussion and non-concussed participants did not differ on 11 of the 12 cognitive tasks employed. However, on a test of inhibitory control based on the classic Stroop paradigm, post-concussion participants showed accuracy-related impairments specific to the incongruent conditions of the task. Post-concussion participants reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, and trouble concentrating. An entirely independent sample of 74 varsity American football players demonstrated the same pattern of impairment: compared to healthy controls, they scored significantly lower on the test of inhibitory control but were indistinguishable from controls on the 11 other tasks.
    Interpretation: Self-reported concussion is not associated with long-term general effects on cognitive function. Nevertheless, those who report at least one concussion and those who expose themselves to long-term frequent sport-related head impacts do have a modest, but statistically robust, deficit of inhibitory control.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anxiety/physiopathology ; Athletic Injuries/complications ; Athletic Injuries/physiopathology ; Attention/physiology ; Brain Concussion/complications ; Brain Concussion/physiopathology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/physiopathology ; Depression/physiopathology ; Executive Function/physiology ; Female ; Football/injuries ; Humans ; Inhibition, Psychological ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Stroop Test
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-14
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 187050-6
    ISSN 1432-1459 ; 0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
    ISSN (online) 1432-1459
    ISSN 0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
    DOI 10.1007/s00415-020-09749-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Personal autonomy and self-determination are crucial for professionalism in healthcare.

    Organ, Jason M / Smith, Heather F / Trainor, Paul A / Allen, Kari / Balta, Joy Y / Beresheim, Amy C / Brewer-Deluce, Danielle / Brown, Kirsten M / Burrows, Anne M / Byers, Kelsey T / Byram, Jessica N / Cale, Andrew S / Carroll, Melissa A / Champney, Thomas / Cornwall, Jon / Dayal, Manisha R / DeLeon, Valerie B / Dunnwald, Martine / Ferrigno, Christopher /
    Finn, Gabrielle M / Fox, Glenn M / Geller, Pamela L / Guttmann, Geoffrey D / Harper, Noah / Harrell, Kelly M / Hartstone-Rose, Adam / Hildebrandt, Sabine / Hortsch, Michael / Jackson, Jon / Johnson, Laura E / Lohman Bonfiglio, Chelsea M / McCumber, Travis L / Menegaz, Rachel A / Mussell, Jason C / O'Loughlin, Valerie D / Otobo, Tarimobo M / Oyedele, Olusegun / Pascoe, Michael A / Person, Dianne / Reidenberg, Joy S / Robinson, Rhiannon E / Rogers, Kem A / Ros, Marian A / Ross, Callum F / Sanders, Kat A / Schmitt, Brandi / Schoenwolf, Gary C / Smith, Theodore C / Smith, Timothy D / Sumner, D Rick / Taylor, Andrea B / Taylor, Meredith J / Teaford, Mark F / Topp, Kimberly S / Willmore, Katherine E / Wisco, Jonathan J / Yang, Jian / Zumwalt, Ann C

    Anatomical sciences education

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) 571–573

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Personal Autonomy ; Professionalism ; Anatomy/education ; Physicians ; Attitude of Health Personnel
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2483491-9
    ISSN 1935-9780 ; 1935-9772
    ISSN (online) 1935-9780
    ISSN 1935-9772
    DOI 10.1002/ase.2278
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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