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Article ; Online: Retrospective Study of Kyasanur Forest Disease and Deaths among Nonhuman Primates, India, 1957–2020

Sulagna Chakraborty / William E. Sander / Brian F. Allan / Flavia C.D. Andrade

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 27, Iss 7, Pp 1969-

2021 Volume 1973

Abstract: Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) is a tickborne hemorrhagic disease affecting primates along the Western Ghats mountain range in India. Our retrospective study indicated that >3,314 monkey deaths attributed to KFD were reported in KFD-endemic states in ... ...

Abstract	Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) is a tickborne hemorrhagic disease affecting primates along the Western Ghats mountain range in India. Our retrospective study indicated that >3,314 monkey deaths attributed to KFD were reported in KFD-endemic states in India during 1957–2020. These data can help guide surveillance to protect animal and human health.
Keywords	Kyasanur Forest disease ; vector-borne infections ; tickborne diseases ; monkey ; deaths ; sentinel species ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Lack of molecular detection of frog virus 3-like ranavirus (FV3) in mosquitoes during natural outbreak and nonoutbreak conditions

Nicole A. Lopez Vargas / Laura Adamovicz / Brittany Willeford / Brian F. Allan / Matthew C. Allender

FACETS, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 812-

2020 Volume 820

Abstract: Ranaviruses are worldwide pathogens of ectothermic vertebrates that can threaten herptile conservation efforts. Identifying transmission routes is critical for understanding disease ecology and promoting species conservation. Frog virus 3 (FV3) DNA was ... ...

Abstract	Ranaviruses are worldwide pathogens of ectothermic vertebrates that can threaten herptile conservation efforts. Identifying transmission routes is critical for understanding disease ecology and promoting species conservation. Frog virus 3 (FV3) DNA was detected in mosquitoes during a ranavirus outbreak in semicaptive box turtles, but the role that insect vectors play under natural conditions is unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we collected mosquito species known to take blood meals from reptiles and amphibians (Aedes canadensis, Culex erraticus, Culex territans, and Uranotaenia sapphirina) from mid-May to early August, 2014, at four study sites in Vermilion County, Illinois, two of which had historic or ongoing FV3 outbreaks in box turtles and amphibians. Mosquitoes were batched by date and species, DNA was extracted, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed for detection of FV3. FV3 was not detected despite one of the sites having an active FV3 outbreak during the study period. Our findings indicate that FV3 detection is uncommon in mosquitoes during outbreak and nonoutbreak conditions at these sites in Illinois. Thus, we cannot establish that mosquitoes contribute to transmission during natural mortality events without performing further studies.
Keywords	mosquitoes ; ranavirus ; conservation ; eastern box turtles ; illinois ; fv3 ; Education ; L ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Canadian Science Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The larval environment strongly influences the bacterial communities of Aedes triseriatus and Aedes japonicus (Diptera

Elijah O. Juma / Brian F. Allan / Chang-Hyun Kim / Christopher Stone / Christopher Dunlap / Ephantus J. Muturi

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

Culicidae)

2021 Volume 15

Abstract: Abstract Mosquito bacterial communities are essential in mosquito biology, and knowing the factors shaping these bacterial communities is critical to their application in mosquito-borne disease control. This study investigated how the larval environment ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Mosquito bacterial communities are essential in mosquito biology, and knowing the factors shaping these bacterial communities is critical to their application in mosquito-borne disease control. This study investigated how the larval environment influences the bacterial communities of larval stages of two container-dwelling mosquito species, Aedes triseriatus, and Aedes japonicus. Larval and water samples were collected from tree holes and used tires at two study sites, and their bacteria characterized through MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial richness was highest in Ae. japonicus, intermediate in Ae. triseriatus, and lowest in water samples. Dysgonomonas was the dominant bacterial taxa in Ae. triseriatus larvae; the unclassified Comamonadaceae was dominant in water samples from waste tires, while Mycobacterium and Carnobacterium, dominated Ae. japonicus. The two mosquito species harbored distinct bacterial communities that were different from those of the water samples. The bacterial communities also clustered by habitat type (used tires vs. tree holes) and study site. These findings demonstrate that host species, and the larval sampling environment are important determinants of a significant component of bacterial community composition and diversity in mosquito larvae and that the mosquito body may select for microbes that are generally rare in the larval environment.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effect of life stage and pesticide exposure on the gut microbiota of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens L

Elijah O. Juma / Brian F. Allan / Chang-Hyun Kim / Christopher Stone / Christopher Dunlap / Ephantus J. Muturi

Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Pesticides commonly contaminate the aquatic environments inhabited by mosquito juveniles. However, their role in shaping the mosquito microbiota is not well understood. We hypothesized that environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine, ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Pesticides commonly contaminate the aquatic environments inhabited by mosquito juveniles. However, their role in shaping the mosquito microbiota is not well understood. We hypothesized that environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine, permethrin and malathion will mediate a shift in the mosquito gut bacterial community structure due to their toxic effect on the aquatic bacterial communities, and reduce mosquito gut bacterial diversity by enriching pesticide-degrading bacterial communities over susceptible taxa. Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16 S rRNA gene was used to characterize the microbial communities of larval and adult stages of the two mosquito species and the water samples from microcosms treated with each of the pesticides, separately. Bacterial community composition differed by sample type (larval stage vs. adult stage) and water sampling date (day 3 vs. day 7), but not by pesticide treatment. In larval stages, bacterial OTU richness was highest in samples exposed to malathion, intermediate in permethrin, and lowest in controls. Bacterial richness was significantly higher in larval stages compared to adult stages for all treatments. This study provides a primer for future studies evaluating mosquito microbial responses to exposures to chemical pesticides and the possible implications for mosquito ecology.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A coupled forage-grazer model predicts viability of livestock production and wildlife habitat at the regional scale

Virginia A. Kowal / Sharon M. Jones / Felicia Keesing / Brian F. Allan / Jennifer M. Schieltz / Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer

Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Informed management of livestock on rangelands underpins both the livelihoods of communities that depend on livestock for sustenance, and the conservation of wildlife that often depend on livestock-dominated landscapes for habitat. Understanding ...

Abstract	Abstract Informed management of livestock on rangelands underpins both the livelihoods of communities that depend on livestock for sustenance, and the conservation of wildlife that often depend on livestock-dominated landscapes for habitat. Understanding spatial patterns of rangeland productivity is therefore crucial to designing global development strategies that balance social and environmental benefits. Here we introduce a new rangeland production model that dynamically links the Century ecosystem model with a basic ruminant diet selection and physiology model. With lightweight input data requirements that can be met with global sources, the model estimates the viability of broad livestock management decisions, and suggests possible implications of these management decisions for grazing wildlife. Using minimal field data, the new rangeland production model enables the reliable estimation of cattle stocking density; this is an important predictor of the viability of livestock production and forage available for grazing wildlife.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Seasonality and pathogen transmission in pastoral cattle contact networks

Kimberly VanderWaal / Marie Gilbertson / Sharon Okanga / Brian F. Allan / Meggan E. Craft

Royal Society Open Science, Vol 4, Iss

2017 Volume 12

Abstract: Capturing heterogeneity in contact patterns in animal populations is essential for understanding the spread of infectious diseases. In contrast to other regions of the world in which livestock movement networks are integral to pathogen prevention and ... ...

Abstract	Capturing heterogeneity in contact patterns in animal populations is essential for understanding the spread of infectious diseases. In contrast to other regions of the world in which livestock movement networks are integral to pathogen prevention and control policies, contact networks are understudied in pastoral regions of Africa due to the challenge of measuring contact among mobile herds of cattle whose movements are driven by access to resources. Furthermore, the extent to which seasonal changes in the distribution of water and resources impacts the structure of contact networks in cattle is uncertain. Contact networks may be more conducive to pathogen spread in the dry season due to congregation at limited water sources. Alternatively, less abundant forage may result in decreased pathogen transmission due to competitive avoidance among herds, as measured by reduced contact rates. Here, we use GPS technology to concurrently track 49 free-roaming cattle herds within a semi-arid region of Kenya, and use these data to characterize seasonal contact networks and model the spread of a highly infectious pathogen. This work provides the first empirical data on the local contact network structure of mobile herds based on quantifiable contact events. The contact network demonstrated high levels of interconnectivity. An increase in contacts near to water resources in the dry season resulted in networks with both higher contact rates and higher potential for pathogen spread than in the wet season. Simulated disease outbreaks were also larger in the dry season. Results support the hypothesis that limited water resources enhance connectivity and transmission within contact networks, as opposed to reducing connectivity as a result of competitive avoidance. These results cast light on the impact of seasonal heterogeneity in resource availability on predicting pathogen transmission dynamics, which has implications for other free-ranging wild and domestic populations.
Keywords	network analysis ; infectious disease ; animal movement ; ecology ; pathogen ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Royal Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Large-Scale Removal of Invasive Honeysuckle Decreases Mosquito and Avian Host Abundance

Gardner, Allison M / Brian F. Allan / Ephantus J. Muturi / Leah D. Overmier

EcoHealth. 2017 Dec., v. 14, no. 4

2017

Abstract: Invasive species rank second only to habitat destruction as a threat to native biodiversity. One consequence of biological invasions is altered risk of exposure to infectious diseases in human and animal populations. The distribution and prevalence of ... ...

Abstract	Invasive species rank second only to habitat destruction as a threat to native biodiversity. One consequence of biological invasions is altered risk of exposure to infectious diseases in human and animal populations. The distribution and prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases depend on the complex interactions between the vector, the pathogen, and the human or wildlife reservoir host. These interactions are highly susceptible to disturbance by invasive species, including terrestrial plants. We conducted a 2-year field experiment using a BeforeâAfter/ControlâImpact design to examine how removal of invasive Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) in a forest fragment embedded within a residential neighborhood affects the abundance of mosquitoes, including two of the most important vectors of West Nile virus, Culex pipiens and Cx. restuans. We also assessed any potential changes in avian communities and local microclimate associated with Amur honeysuckle removal. We found that (1) removal of Amur honeysuckle reduces the abundance of both vector and non-vector mosquito species that commonly feed on human hosts, (2) the abundance and composition of avian hosts is altered by honeysuckle removal, and (3) areas invaded with honeysuckle support local microclimates that are favorable to mosquito survival. Collectively, our investigations demonstrate the role of a highly invasive understory shrub in determining the abundance and distribution of mosquitoes and suggest potential mechanisms underlying this pattern. Our results also give rise to additional questions regarding the general impact of invasive plants on vector-borne diseases and the spatial scale at which removal of invasive plants may be utilized to effect disease control.
Keywords	biodiversity ; birds ; Culex pipiens ; disease control ; ecological invasion ; field experimentation ; habitat destruction ; habitat fragmentation ; hosts ; humans ; infectious diseases ; invasive species ; Lonicera maackii ; microclimate ; mosquito-borne diseases ; pathogens ; residential areas ; risk ; shrubs ; understory ; West Nile virus ; wildlife
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-12
Size	p. 750-761.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2164327-1
ISSN	1612-9210 ; 1612-9202
ISSN (online)	1612-9210
ISSN	1612-9202
DOI	10.1007/s10393-017-1265-6
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: GPS tracking cattle as a monitoring tool for conservation and management

Schieltz, Jennifer M / Brian F Allan / Daniel I Rubenstein / Sharon Okanga

African journal of range & forage science. 2017 July 3, v. 34, no. 3

2017

Abstract: The emergence of GPS technology has resulted in significant advances in the ease and flexibility of studying animal movement patterns, yet barriers remain to the widespread use of GPS units for animal tracking. Here, we developed a low-cost, logistically ...

Abstract	The emergence of GPS technology has resulted in significant advances in the ease and flexibility of studying animal movement patterns, yet barriers remain to the widespread use of GPS units for animal tracking. Here, we developed a low-cost, logistically simple approach, deploying small and inexpensive GPS units to monitor cattle movements and habitat use and to assess the impact of cattle grazing on vegetation. Cattle were collared with i-gotU loggers to track fine-scale and broad-scale movements within an integrated ecosystem (cattle and wildlife) in Laikipia, central Kenya. At the fine scale, cattle exerted a significant impact on vegetation quantity and quality; increasing grazing intensity showed a negative relationship to grass height, but a positive correlation to green-up after rain. At the broad scale, cattle movement density varied notably by herd type and habitat availability, with acacia woodland and savanna grassland habitats used most predominantly. Overall, these small GPS loggers provided a flexible and relatively cheap method of tracking cattle movements, and demonstrated potential for collaring of cattle as a tool for monitoring ecosystem health and assisting management decisions.
Keywords	Acacia ; cattle ; ecosystems ; environmental health ; global positioning systems ; grasses ; grasslands ; grazing intensity ; habitat preferences ; habitats ; herds ; monitoring ; rain ; savannas ; wildlife ; woodlands ; Kenya
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-0703
Size	p. 173-177.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1160792-0
ISSN	1727-9380 ; 1022-0119 ; 0256-6702
ISSN (online)	1727-9380
ISSN	1022-0119 ; 0256-6702
DOI	10.2989/10220119.2017.1387175
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Cascade of ecological consequences for West Nile virus transmission when aquatic macrophytes invade stormwater habitats

Mackay, Andrew J / Ephantus J. Muturi / Michael P. Ward / Brian F. Allan

Ecological applications. 2016 Jan., v. 26, no. 1

2016

Abstract: Artificial aquatic habitats are ubiquitous in anthropogenic landscapes and highly susceptible to colonization by invasive plant species. Recent research into the ecology of infectious diseases indicates that the establishment of invasive plant species ... ...

Abstract	Artificial aquatic habitats are ubiquitous in anthropogenic landscapes and highly susceptible to colonization by invasive plant species. Recent research into the ecology of infectious diseases indicates that the establishment of invasive plant species can trigger ecological cascades which alter the transmission dynamics of vectorâborne pathogens that imperil human health. Here, we examined whether the presence or management of two invasive, emergent plants, cattails (Typha spp.) and phragmites (Phragmites australis), in stormwater dry detention basins (DDBs) alter the local distribution of vectors, avian hosts, or West Nile virus (WNV) transmission risk in an urban residential setting. Mosquitoes and birds were surveyed at 14 DDBs and paired adjacent residential sites. During the study period, emergent vegetation was mowed by site managers in three DDBs. In the absence of vegetation management, the overall abundance and species composition of both adult vectors and avian hosts differed between residential and DDB habitats; however, WNV entomological risk indices were equivalent. Communal bird roosts composed primarily of three species, European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), Redâwinged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), and Common Grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), representing a broad range of WNV reservoir competence, were observed at half (three out of six) of the DDBs containing unmanaged stands of phragmites; however, their presence was associated with a lower seasonal increase in vector infection rate. Conversely, mowing of emergent vegetation resulted in a significant and sustained increase in the abundance of WNVâinfected vectors in DDBs and the increase in risk extended to adjacent residential sites. These findings indicate that management of invasive plants in DDBs during the growing season can increase, while presence of communal bird roosts can decrease, WNV transmission risk.
Keywords	Agelaius phoeniceus ; Culicidae ; Phragmites australis ; Quiscalus quiscula ; Sturnus vulgaris ; Typha ; West Nile virus ; adults ; aquatic habitat ; basins ; birds ; emergent plants ; environmental impact ; growing season ; hosts ; human health ; infectious diseases ; invasive species ; landscapes ; managers ; mowing ; pathogens ; risk ; species diversity ; stormwater ; vegetation ; virus transmission
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-01
Size	p. 219-232.
Publishing place	Ecological Society of America
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1074505-1
ISSN	1939-5582 ; 1051-0761
ISSN (online)	1939-5582
ISSN	1051-0761
DOI	10.1890/15-0050
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Asymmetric effects of native and exotic invasive shrubs on ecology of the West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens (Diptera

Allison M. Gardner / Brian F. Allan / Lauren A. Frisbie / Ephantus J. Muturi

Parasites & Vectors, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

Culicidae)

2015 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract Background Exotic invasive plants alter the structure and function of native ecosystems and may influence the distribution and abundance of arthropod disease vectors by modifying habitat quality. This study investigated how invasive plants alter ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Exotic invasive plants alter the structure and function of native ecosystems and may influence the distribution and abundance of arthropod disease vectors by modifying habitat quality. This study investigated how invasive plants alter the ecology of Culex pipiens, an important vector of West Nile virus (WNV) in northeastern and midwestern regions of the United States. Methods Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that three native leaf species (Rubus allegheniensis, blackberry; Sambucus canadensis, elderberry; and Amelanchier laevis, serviceberry), and three exotic invasive leaf species (Lonicera maackii, Amur honeysuckle; Elaeagnus umbellata, autumn olive; and Rosa multiflora, multiflora rose) alter Cx. pipiens oviposition site selection, emergence rates, development time, and adult body size. The relative abundance of seven bacterial phyla in infusions of the six leaf species also was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to test the hypothesis that variation in emergence, development, and oviposition site selection is correlated to differences in the diversity and abundance of bacteria associated with different leaf species, important determinants of nutrient quality and availability for mosquito larvae. Results Leaf detritus from invasive honeysuckle and autumn olive yielded significantly higher adult emergence rates compared to detritus from the remaining leaf species and honeysuckle alleviated the negative effects of intraspecific competition on adult emergence. Conversely, leaves of native blackberry acted as an ecological trap, generating high oviposition but low emergence rates. Variation in bacterial flora associated with different leaf species may explain this asymmetrical production of mosquitoes: emergence rates and oviposition rates were positively correlated to bacterial abundance and diversity, respectively. Conclusions We conclude that the displacement of native understory plant species by certain invasive shrubs ...
Keywords	Culex pipiens ; Invasive plants ; Habitat selection ; Ecological trap ; Mosquito ecology ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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