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  1. Article ; Online: A geographic-location-based medical school admissions process does not influence pre-clerkship and licensing examination academic performance

    Brian M Ross / Shreedhar Acharya / Meggan Welch / Katherine Biasiol / Owen Prowse / Elaine Hogard

    Canadian Medical Education Journal (2023)

    2023  

    Abstract: Background: Students are selected for admission to the Northern Ontario School of Medicine University (NOSM U) MD degree program using criteria aiming to maximize access of persons thought most likely to practice in the region, including use of a ... ...

    Abstract Background: Students are selected for admission to the Northern Ontario School of Medicine University (NOSM U) MD degree program using criteria aiming to maximize access of persons thought most likely to practice in the region, including use of a geographic context score (GCS) which ranks those with lived experience in northern Ontario and/or rurality most highly. This study investigates the effect of this admissions process upon medical school academic performance. Methods: We used a retrospective cohort design combined with multiple linear regression analysis to investigate the relationship between admission scores and performance on pre-clerkship courses, and the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Exam Part 1 (MCCQE1). The GCS did not significantly explain performance variance on any pre-clerkship course, nor on the MCCQE1, while the undergraduate Grade Point Average correlated with most assessment scores. The number of prior undergraduate biomedical courses predicted science and clinical skills performance, particularly in Year 1, but not with MCCQE1 scores. Performance on Year 2 courses, particularly foundational sciences and clinical skills, significantly predicted MCCQE1 scores. Results: Our data suggest that admission geographic context scoring is unrelated to future academic performance. Further, students with fewer prior undergraduate biomedical courses may benefit from increased support and/or a modified program during the early years.
    Keywords Education (General) ; L7-991 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 370
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Canadian Medical Education Journal
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: A Qualitative Investigation of the Experiences of Students and Preceptors Taking Part in Remote and Rural Community Experiential Placements During Early Medical Training

    Brian M Ross / Erin Cameron / David Greenwood

    Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, Vol

    2019  Volume 6

    Abstract: Background: Medical education can help alleviate the chronic undersupply of physicians to rural communities. Providing students with early rural clinical experiences may allow the gaining of necessary knowledge and skills to practice and live rurally, as ...

    Abstract Background: Medical education can help alleviate the chronic undersupply of physicians to rural communities. Providing students with early rural clinical experiences may allow the gaining of necessary knowledge and skills to practice and live rurally, as well as the desire to do so. Purpose: This study aims to provide a detailed understanding of Remote and Rural Community Placements (RRCPs) which occur in the second year of a Doctor of Medicine programme. Methodology/Approach: Using a thematic analysis approach, we examined the experiences of students and preceptors in the RRCP. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Findings/Conclusions: Students valued RRCPs as a formative clinical experience and preceptors gained professionally from participating. The RRCPs enhanced students regard for, and knowledge of, rural medicine. Yet, contrary to the stated aims of the placement, students spent very little time in activities outside of the clinic, neither learning about the community nor about the life of a physician as a community member. Implications: Medical educators should recognise that students and preceptors will inevitably place different value on the different sociocultural and perceptual aspects of placements, namely clinical and non-clinical. As such, the curriculum should draw clearly articulated links between each.
    Keywords Special aspects of education ; LC8-6691 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 370
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SAGE Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: The Relationship between Impaired Methylnicotinate Response and Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia

    Brian M. Ross / Iain Glen

    Open Journal of Psychiatry , Vol 04, Iss 02, Pp 141-

    2014  Volume 146

    Abstract: MNA response applied methylnicotinate (MNA) results in an arachidonic acid and cyclooxygenase-dependent vasodilatatory response which is diminished in patients with schizophrenia. This observation has been suggested to form the basis of a diagnostic test ...

    Abstract MNA response applied methylnicotinate (MNA) results in an arachidonic acid and cyclooxygenase-dependent vasodilatatory response which is diminished in patients with schizophrenia. This observation has been suggested to form the basis of a diagnostic test for the illness although the potential utility of such a procedure is diminished since the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study we sought to discover if reduced MNA response in schizophrenia is related to increased oxidative stress i.e. whether or not the two measures are negatively correlated with each other. MNA response was assessed visually in 17 patients with schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls and compared to the extent of oxidative stress in each participant assessed by quantifying the lipid peroxidation product ethane in breath. Serum vitamin E, a lipid soluble antioxidant, concentrations was also assessed. While MNA response was correlated with breath ethane concentrations, the expected relationship between the two measures was not observed. Instead a positive relationship between them suggests that some patients with schizophrenia have impaired fatty acid utilization leading to both diminished lipid peroxidation and cyclo-oygenation. This was not related to vitamin E concentrations, however, suggesting that lipid soluble anti-oxidant availability did not underlie our findings. Our data shed further light on the mechanism of impaired MNA response in schizophrenia and support the notion that this occurs consequent to a change in lipid metabolism.
    Keywords Ethane ; Breath ; Fatty Acid ; Schizophrenia ; Niacin ; Psychiatry ; RC435-571 ; Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ; RC346-429 ; Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; RC321-571 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Scientific Research Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Breath Ethane Concentrations in Healthy Volunteers Correlate with a Systemic Marker of Lipid Peroxidation but Not with Omega-3 Fatty Acid Availability

    Brian M. Ross / Iain Glen

    Metabolites, Vol 4, Iss 3, Pp 572-

    2014  Volume 579

    Abstract: Ethane in human breath derives from lipid peroxidation, specifically the reaction between omega-3 fatty acids and reactive oxygen species. It has been proposed to be a non-invasive marker of oxidative stress, a deleterious process which may play an ... ...

    Abstract Ethane in human breath derives from lipid peroxidation, specifically the reaction between omega-3 fatty acids and reactive oxygen species. It has been proposed to be a non-invasive marker of oxidative stress, a deleterious process which may play an important role in the pathophysiology of several common diseases. It is unclear, however, whether ethane concentration actually correlates with systemic oxidative stress or whether it is primarily a marker of airway biochemistry. To investigate this possibility the breath ethane concentrations in 24 healthy volunteers were compared to that of a systemic measure of oxidative stress, plasma hydroperoxides, as well as to blood concentrations of the lipophilic anti-oxidant vitamin E, and the abundance of omega-3 fatty acids. Breath ethane concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) positively correlated with blood hydroperoxide concentrations (rp = 0.60) and negatively with that of vitamin E (rp = −0.65), but were not correlated with either the total omega-3 fatty acid concentration (rp = −0.22) or that of any individual species of this fatty acid class. This data supports the hypothesis that breath ethane is a marker of systemic lipid peroxidation, as opposed to that of omega-3 fatty acid abundance.
    Keywords oxidative stress ; tocopherol ; hydroperoxides ; omega-3 fatty acid ; Biochemistry ; QD415-436 ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999 ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: The Emerging Role of Eicosapentaenoic Acid as an Important Psychoactive Natural Product

    Brian M. Ross

    Lipid Insights, Vol 2008, Iss Current Developments, Pp 89-

    Some Answers but a Lot more Questions

    2008  Volume 97

    Keywords Organic chemistry ; QD241-441 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Organic Chemistry ; DOAJ:Chemistry
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Libertas Academica
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: The Emerging Role of Eicosapentaenoic Acid as an Important Psychoactive Natural Product

    Brian M. Ross

    Lipid Insights, Vol 2, Iss Current Developments, Pp 89-

    Some Answers but a Lot more Questions

    2008  Volume 97

    Abstract: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids play important roles in both the structure and communication processes of cells. Dietary deficiences of these fatty acids have been implicated in cardiac dysfunction, cancer and mood disorders. In the latter, clinical ... ...

    Abstract Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids play important roles in both the structure and communication processes of cells. Dietary deficiences of these fatty acids have been implicated in cardiac dysfunction, cancer and mood disorders. In the latter, clinical trials have strongly suggested that not all types of omega-3 PUFA are equally efficacious. In particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) appears to be the most useful in ameliorating the symptoms of major depressive disorder. The mechanism by which omega-3 PUFA have these effects, and why EPA is apparently more effective in this role than the much more abundant brain lipid docosahexaenoic acid, is unclear. The available data do suggest various biologically plausible mechanisms all of which are amenable to study using straightforward experimental approaches. To progress further, a better understanding of how EPA and other omega-3 PUFA effect neurophysiological and neurosignalling processes is required.
    Keywords Omega-3 PUFA ; lipids ; depression ; brain ; eicosapentaenoic acid ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Organic Chemistry ; DOAJ:Chemistry
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Libertas Academica
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Increased breath ethane and pentane concentrations in currently unmedicated patients with schizophrenia

    Sandeep Shah / Brian M. Ross / Malcolm Peet

    Open Journal of Psychiatry , Vol 01, Iss 01, Pp 1-

    2011  Volume 7

    Abstract: Schizophrenia is a common and debilitating mental illness. The disorder is thought to be developmental in origin, with oxidative stress being implicated as possible pathophysiological mechanism. Breath alkanes provide a non-invasive means to assess ... ...

    Abstract Schizophrenia is a common and debilitating mental illness. The disorder is thought to be developmental in origin, with oxidative stress being implicated as possible pathophysiological mechanism. Breath alkanes provide a non-invasive means to assess oxidative stress, with ethane levels reportedly increased in medicated patients with schizophrenia. It is possible, however, that the psychotropic medications used to treat the disorder result in elevated breath ethane levels. We have therefore measured the concentration of ethane and pentane, markers of oxidative stress, in the breath of currently unmedicated patients with schizophrenia. Alveolar breath samples were collected, applied to thermal desorption tubes, and analyzed using a combination of two-stage thermal de-sorption, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Compared to healthy controls ethane and pentane levels were found to be elevated in patients with schizophrenia, while levels of butane were normal. Our data support the notion that oxidative stress is increased in schizophrenia and that this is unlikely to be a consequence of antipsychotic medications. In addition, breath alkane analysis may represent a rapid and non-invasive means to monitor oxidative stress occurring in schizophrenia.
    Keywords Breath Analysis; Alkane ; Schizophrenia; Ethane; Pentane ; Psychiatry ; RC435-571 ; Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ; RC346-429 ; Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; RC321-571 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Psychiatry ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Scientific Research Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Fungal demethylation of Kraft lignin

    Zou, Linyou / Brian M. Ross / Lada Malek / Leonard J. Hutchison / Lew P. Christopher / Robert F.H. Dekker

    Enzyme and microbial technology. 2015 June, v. 73-74

    2015  

    Abstract: Demethylation of industrial lignin has been for long coveted as a pathway to the production of an abundant natural substitute for fossil-oil derived phenol. In an attempt to possibly identify a novel Kraft lignin-demethylating enzyme, we surveyed a ... ...

    Abstract Demethylation of industrial lignin has been for long coveted as a pathway to the production of an abundant natural substitute for fossil-oil derived phenol. In an attempt to possibly identify a novel Kraft lignin-demethylating enzyme, we surveyed a collection of fungi by using selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). This method readily identifies methanol resulting from lignin demethylation activity. Absidia cylindrospora, and unidentified Cylindrocladium sp. and Aspergillus sp. were shown to metabolize lignin via different pathways, based on the HPLC analysis of lignin fragments. Of these three, Cylindrocladium and Aspergillus were shown to retain most of the lignin intact after 3 weeks in culture, while removing about 40% of the available methoxy groups. Our results demonstrate that after optimization of culture and lignin recovery methods, biological modification of Kraft lignin may be a feasible pathway to obtaining demethylated lignin for further industrial use.
    Keywords Absidia ; Aspergillus ; Cylindrocladium ; fossil fuels ; fungi ; high performance liquid chromatography ; lignin ; mass spectrometry ; methanol ; phenol
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-06
    Size p. 44-50.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 423729-8
    ISSN 1879-0909 ; 0141-0229
    ISSN (online) 1879-0909
    ISSN 0141-0229
    DOI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.04.001
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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