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Article ; Online: Forest demography and biomass accumulation rates are associated with transient mean tree size vs. density scaling relations.

Yu, Kailiang / Chen, Han Y H / Gessler, Arthur / Pugh, Thomas A M / Searle, Eric B / Allen, Robert B / Pretzsch, Hans / Ciais, Philippe / Phillips, Oliver L / Brienen, Roel J W / Chu, Chengjin / Xie, Shubin / Ballantyne, Ashley P

PNAS nexus

2024 Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) pgae008

Abstract: Linking individual and stand-level dynamics during forest development reveals a scaling relationship between mean tree size and tree density in forest stands, which integrates forest structure and function. However, the nature of this so-called scaling ... ...

Abstract	Linking individual and stand-level dynamics during forest development reveals a scaling relationship between mean tree size and tree density in forest stands, which integrates forest structure and function. However, the nature of this so-called scaling law and its variation across broad spatial scales remain unquantified, and its linkage with forest demographic processes and carbon dynamics remains elusive. In this study, we develop a theoretical framework and compile a broad-scale dataset of long-term sample forest stands (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2752-6542
ISSN (online)	2752-6542
DOI	10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae008
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Article ; Online: Reassessment of carbon emissions from fires and a new estimate of net carbon uptake in Russian forests in 2001-2021.

Romanov, Aleksey A / Tamarovskaya, Anastasia N / Gloor, Emanuel / Brienen, Roel / Gusev, Boris A / Leonenko, Egor V / Vasiliev, Alexander S / Krikunov, Elijah E

The Science of the total environment

2022 Volume 846, Page(s) 157322

Abstract: Russia has the largest forest area on earth. Its boreal forests officially store about 97 Pg C, which significantly affect the global carbon cycle. In recent years, forest fires have been intensifying on the planet, leading to increased carbon emissions. ...

Abstract	Russia has the largest forest area on earth. Its boreal forests officially store about 97 Pg C, which significantly affect the global carbon cycle. In recent years, forest fires have been intensifying on the planet, leading to increased carbon emissions. Here we review how differences in fire control management of Russian forests affect fire related emissions. Carbon emissions due to fire were estimated using satellite data and compared to official reports for 2001-2021. We found that the relative areas affected by fire did differ between different fire protection zones, and 89 % of the area burnt was in forests controlled by fire-fighting aircraft or areas without protection. As a result, 417.7 Mha of poor or unprotected Russian forests (42 % of total) account about a half of total carbon emissions. According to our estimates, the average area of burnt forests in Russia was about 8.3 Mha per year between 2016 and 2021, resulting in annual carbon emission of 193 million metric tons (Mt) C emissions, and 53 % of them were from unprotected forest. These estimated carbon emissions are significantly higher than official national reports (79 Mt C yr
MeSH term(s)	Carbon ; Fires ; Forests ; Taiga ; Wildfires
Chemical Substances	Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157322
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Article: Tree-ring oxygen isotopes record a decrease in Amazon dry season rainfall over the past 40 years

Cintra, Bruno B. L. / Gloor, Manuel / Boom, Arnoud / Schöngart, Jochen / Baker, Jessica C. A. / Cruz, Francisco W. / Clerici, Santiago / Brienen, Roel J. W.

Climate dynamics. 2022 Sept., v. 59, no. 5-6

2022

Abstract: Extant climate observations suggest the dry season over large parts of the Amazon Basin has become longer and drier over recent decades. However, such possible intensification of the Amazon dry season and its underlying causes are still a matter of ... ...

Abstract	Extant climate observations suggest the dry season over large parts of the Amazon Basin has become longer and drier over recent decades. However, such possible intensification of the Amazon dry season and its underlying causes are still a matter of debate. Here we used oxygen isotope ratios in tree rings (δ¹⁸OTR) from six floodplain trees from the western Amazon to assess changes in past climate. Our analysis shows that δ¹⁸OTR of these trees is negatively related to inter-annual variability of precipitation during the dry season over large parts of the Amazon Basin, consistent with a Rayleigh rainout model. Furthermore δ¹⁸OTR increases by approximately 2‰ over the last four decades (~ 1970–2014) providing evidence of an Amazon drying trend independent from satellite and in situ rainfall observations. Using a Rayleigh rainout framework, we estimate basin-wide dry season rainfall to have decreased by up to 30%. The δ¹⁸OTR record further suggests such drying trend may not be unprecedented over the past 80 years. Analysis of δ¹⁸OTR with sea surface temperatures indicates a strong role of a warming Tropical North Atlantic Ocean in driving this long-term increase in δ¹⁸OTR and decrease in dry season rainfall.
Keywords	basins ; climate ; dry season ; dynamics ; floodplains ; growth rings ; models ; oxygen ; oxygen isotopes ; rain ; satellites ; trees ; Amazonia ; Atlantic Ocean
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. 1401-1414.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1471747-5
ISSN	1432-0894 ; 0930-7575
ISSN (online)	1432-0894
ISSN	0930-7575
DOI	10.1007/s00382-021-06046-7
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Article: Reassessment of carbon emissions from fires and a new estimate of net carbon uptake in Russian forests in 2001–2021

Romanov, Aleksey A. / Tamarovskaya, Anastasia N. / Gloor, Emanuel / Brienen, Roel / Gusev, Boris A. / Leonenko, Egor V. / Vasiliev, Alexander S. / Krikunov, Elijah E.

Science of the total environment. 2022 July 08,

2022

Abstract	Russia has the largest forest area on earth. Its boreal forests officially store about 97 Pg C, which significantly affect the global carbon cycle. In recent years, forest fires have been intensifying on the planet, leading to increased carbon emissions. Here we review how differences in fire control management of Russian forests affect fire related emissions. Carbon emissions due to fire were estimated using satellite data and compared to official reports for 2001–2021. We found that the relative areas affected by fire did differ between different fire protection zones, and 89 % of the area burnt was in forests controlled by fire-fighting aircraft or areas without protection. As a result, 417.7 Mha of poor or unprotected Russian forests (42 % of total) account about a half of total carbon emissions. According to our estimates, the average area of burnt forests in Russia was about 8.3 Mha per year between 2016 and 2021, resulting in annual carbon emission of 193 million metric tons (Mt) C emissions, and 53 % of them were from unprotected forest. These estimated carbon emissions are significantly higher than official national reports (79 Mt C yr⁻¹). We estimated that net carbon uptake for Russia for 2015–2021 was about 333 ± 37 Mt C, which is roughly double the official estimates. Our results highlight large spatial differences in fire protection and prevention strategies in fire related emissions. The so-called control zone which stretches across large parts of Eastern Russia has no fire control and is the region of major recent fires. Our study shows that to estimate the Russian forest carbon balance it is critical to include this area. Implementation of some forest management in the remote areas (i.e., control zone) would help to decrease forest loss and resulting carbon emissions.
Keywords	Russia ; aircraft ; carbon ; environment ; fire fighting ; forest management ; global carbon budget ; remote sensing
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0708
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157322
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Carbon uptake by mature Amazon forests has mitigated Amazon nations' carbon emissions.

Phillips, Oliver L / Brienen, Roel J W

Carbon balance and management

2017 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 1

Abstract: Background: Several independent lines of evidence suggest that Amazon forests have provided a significant carbon sink service, and also that the Amazon carbon sink in intact, mature forests may now be threatened as a result of different processes. There ...

Abstract	Background: Several independent lines of evidence suggest that Amazon forests have provided a significant carbon sink service, and also that the Amazon carbon sink in intact, mature forests may now be threatened as a result of different processes. There has however been no work done to quantify non-land-use-change forest carbon fluxes on a national basis within Amazonia, or to place these national fluxes and their possible changes in the context of the major anthropogenic carbon fluxes in the region. Here we present a first attempt to interpret results from ground-based monitoring of mature forest carbon fluxes in a biogeographically, politically, and temporally differentiated way. Specifically, using results from a large long-term network of forest plots, we estimate the Amazon biomass carbon balance over the last three decades for the different regions and nine nations of Amazonia, and evaluate the magnitude and trajectory of these differentiated balances in relation to major national anthropogenic carbon emissions. Results: The sink of carbon into mature forests has been remarkably geographically ubiquitous across Amazonia, being substantial and persistent in each of the five biogeographic regions within Amazonia. Between 1980 and 2010, it has more than mitigated the fossil fuel emissions of every single national economy, except that of Venezuela. For most nations (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname) the sink has probably additionally mitigated all anthropogenic carbon emissions due to Amazon deforestation and other land use change. While the sink has weakened in some regions since 2000, our analysis suggests that Amazon nations which are able to conserve large areas of natural and semi-natural landscape still contribute globally-significant carbon sequestration. Conclusions: Mature forests across all of Amazonia have contributed significantly to mitigating climate change for decades. Yet Amazon nations have not directly benefited from providing this global scale ecosystem service. We suggest that better monitoring and reporting of the carbon fluxes within mature forests, and understanding the drivers of changes in their balance, must become national, as well as international, priorities.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1750-0680
ISSN	1750-0680
DOI	10.1186/s13021-016-0069-2
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Article ; Online: A response to 'Trends in tropical tree growth: reanalysis confirms earlier findings'.

Brienen, Roel J W / Gloor, Manuel / Ziv, Guy

Global change biology

2017 Volume 23, Issue 3, Page(s) e5–e6

Abstract: We recently demonstrated that growth trends from tree rings from Van Der Sleen et al. (Nature Geoscience, 8, 2015, 24) and Groenendijk et al. (Global Change Biology, 21, 2015, 3762) are affected by demographic biases. In particular, clustered age ... ...

Abstract	We recently demonstrated that growth trends from tree rings from Van Der Sleen et al. (Nature Geoscience, 8, 2015, 24) and Groenendijk et al. (Global Change Biology, 21, 2015, 3762) are affected by demographic biases. In particular, clustered age distributions led to a negative bias in their growth trends. In a response, they challenge our analysis and present an alternative correction approach. We here show that their arguments are incorrect and based on misunderstanding of our analysis and that their alternative approach does not work.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.13605
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Article: A response to âTrends in tropical tree growth: reanalysis confirms earlier findingsâ

Brienen, Roel J. W / Manuel Gloor / Guy Ziv

Global change biology. 2017 Mar., v. 23, no. 3

2017

Abstract: We recently demonstrated that growth trends from tree rings from Van Der Sleen etÂ al. (Nature Geoscience, 8, 2015, 24) and Groenendijk etÂ al. (Global Change Biology, 21, 2015, 3762) are affected by demographic biases. In particular, clustered age ... ...

Abstract	We recently demonstrated that growth trends from tree rings from Van Der Sleen etÂ al. (Nature Geoscience, 8, 2015, 24) and Groenendijk etÂ al. (Global Change Biology, 21, 2015, 3762) are affected by demographic biases. In particular, clustered age distributions led to a negative bias in their growth trends. In a response, they challenge our analysis and present an alternative correction approach. We here show that their arguments are incorrect and based on misunderstanding of our analysis and that their alternative approach does not work.
Keywords	global change ; growth rings ; tree growth ; tropical plants
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-03
Size	p. e5-e6.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	LETTER
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.13605
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Tree demography dominates long‐term growth trends inferred from tree rings

Brienen, Roel J. W / Gloor, Manuel / Ziv, Guy

Global change biology. 2017 Feb., v. 23, no. 2

2017

Abstract: Understanding responses of forests to increasing CO2 and temperature is an important challenge, but no easy task. Tree rings are increasingly used to study such responses. In a recent study, van der Sleen et al. (2014) Nature Geoscience, 8, 4 used tree ... ...

Abstract	Understanding responses of forests to increasing CO2 and temperature is an important challenge, but no easy task. Tree rings are increasingly used to study such responses. In a recent study, van der Sleen et al. (2014) Nature Geoscience, 8, 4 used tree rings from 12 tropical tree species and find that despite increases in intrinsic water use efficiency, no growth stimulation is observed. This challenges the idea that increasing CO2 would stimulate growth. Unfortunately, tree ring analysis can be plagued by biases, resulting in spurious growth trends. While their study evaluated several biases, it does not account for all. In particular, one bias may have seriously affected their results. Several of the species have recruitment patterns, which are not uniform, but clustered around one specific year. This results in spurious negative growth trends if growth rates are calculated in fixed size classes, as ‘fast‐growing’ trees reach the sampling diameter earlier compared to slow growers and thus fast growth rates tend to have earlier calendar dates. We assessed the effect of this ‘nonuniform age bias’ on observed growth trends and find that van der Sleen's conclusions of a lack of growth stimulation do not hold. Growth trends are – at least partially – driven by underlying recruitment or age distributions. Species with more clustered age distributions show more negative growth trends, and simulations to estimate the effect of species’ age distributions show growth trends close to those observed. Re‐evaluation of the growth data and correction for the bias result in significant positive growth trends of 1–2% per decade for the full period, and 3–7% since 1950. These observations, however, should be taken cautiously as multiple biases affect these trend estimates. In all, our results highlight that tree ring studies of long‐term growth trends can be strongly influenced by biases if demographic processes are not carefully accounted for.
Keywords	carbon dioxide ; demography ; forests ; growth rings ; temperature ; trees ; tropical plants ; water use efficiency
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-02
Size	p. 474-484.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.13410
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Tree-ring oxygen isotopes record a decrease in Amazon dry season rainfall over the past 40 years.

Cintra, Bruno B L / Gloor, Manuel / Boom, Arnoud / Schöngart, Jochen / Baker, Jessica C A / Cruz, Francisco W / Clerici, Santiago / Brienen, Roel J W

Climate dynamics

2021 Volume 59, Issue 5-6, Page(s) 1401–1414

Abstract	Extant climate observations suggest the dry season over large parts of the Amazon Basin has become longer and drier over recent decades. However, such possible intensification of the Amazon dry season and its underlying causes are still a matter of debate. Here we used oxygen isotope ratios in tree rings (δ Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00382-021-06046-7.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-26
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1471747-5
ISSN	1432-0894 ; 0930-7575
ISSN (online)	1432-0894
ISSN	0930-7575
DOI	10.1007/s00382-021-06046-7
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Article ; Online: Paired analysis of tree ring width and carbon isotopes indicates when controls on tropical tree growth change from light to water limitations.

Brienen, Roel / Helle, Gerhard / Pons, Thijs / Boom, Arnoud / Gloor, Manuel / Groenendijk, Peter / Clerici, Santiago / Leng, Melanie / Jones, Christopher

Tree physiology

2021 Volume 42, Issue 6, Page(s) 1131–1148

Abstract: Light and water availability are likely to vary over the lifespan of closed-canopy forest trees, with understory trees experiencing greater limitations to growth by light and canopy trees greater limitation due to drought. As drought and shade have ... ...

Abstract	Light and water availability are likely to vary over the lifespan of closed-canopy forest trees, with understory trees experiencing greater limitations to growth by light and canopy trees greater limitation due to drought. As drought and shade have opposing effects on isotope discrimination (Δ13C), paired measurement of ring width and Δ13C can potentially be used to differentiate between water and light limitations on tree growth. We tested this approach for Cedrela trees from three tropical forests in Bolivia and Mexico that differ in rainfall and canopy structure. Using lifetime ring width and Δ13C data for trees of up to and over 200 years old, we assessed how controls on tree growth changed from understory to the canopy. Growth and Δ13C are mostly anti-correlated in the understory, but this anti-correlation disappeared or weakened when trees reached the canopy, especially at the wettest site. This indicates that understory growth variation is controlled by photosynthetic carbon assimilation due to variation in light levels. Once trees reached the canopy, inter-annual variation in growth and Δ13C at one of the dry sites showed positive correlations, indicating that inter-annual variation in growth is driven by variation in water stress affecting stomatal conductance. Paired analysis of ring widths and carbon isotopes provides significant insight in what environmental factors control growth over a tree's life; strong light limitations for understory trees in closed-canopy moist forests switched to drought stress for (sub)canopy trees in dry forests. We show that combined isotope and ring width measurements can significantly improve our insights in tree functioning and be used to disentangle limitations due to shade from those due to drought.
MeSH term(s)	Carbon ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Droughts ; Forests ; Trees ; Tropical Climate
Chemical Substances	Carbon Isotopes ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-30
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	743341-4
ISSN	1758-4469 ; 0829-318X
ISSN (online)	1758-4469
ISSN	0829-318X
DOI	10.1093/treephys/tpab142
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