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Article ; Online: Drug-induced glomerular diseases.

Garnier, Anne-Sophie / Laubacher, Hélène / Briet, Marie

2023 Volume 79, Issue 2, Page(s) 271–281

Abstract: Drug-induced kidney diseases represent a wide range of diseases that are responsible for a significant proportion of all acute kidney injuries and chronic kidney diseases. In the present review, we focused on drug-induced glomerular diseases, more ... ...

Abstract	Drug-induced kidney diseases represent a wide range of diseases that are responsible for a significant proportion of all acute kidney injuries and chronic kidney diseases. In the present review, we focused on drug-induced glomerular diseases, more precisely podocytopathies - minimal change diseases (MCD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) - and membranous nephropathies (MN), from a physiological and a pharmacological point of view. The glomerular filtration barrier is composed of podocytes that form foot processes tightly connected and directly in contact with the basal membrane and surrounding capillaries. The common clinical feature of these diseases is represented by the loss of the ability of the filtration barrier to retain large proteins, leading to massive proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome. Drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), D-penicillamine, tiopronin, trace elements, bisphosphonate, and interferons have been historically associated with the occurrence of MCD, FSGS, and MN. In the last ten years, the development of new anti-cancer agents, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and research into their renal adverse effects highlighted these issues and have improved our comprehension of these diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/chemically induced ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/metabolism ; Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism ; Kidney Diseases/chemically induced ; Kidney Diseases/metabolism ; Podocytes/metabolism ; Nephrosis, Lipoid/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-31
Publishing country	France
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603474-3
ISSN	1958-5578 ; 0040-5957
ISSN (online)	1958-5578
ISSN	0040-5957
DOI	10.1016/j.therap.2023.10.010
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Article: Toxicity of designer benzodiazepines: A case of etizolam and cocaine intoxication

Drevin, Guillaume / Briet, Marie / Ferec, Severine / Abbara, Chadi

Forensic science international. 2022 July, v. 336

2022

Abstract: During the last decade, only few cases of acute etizolam intoxication have been detailed. Little is known about the toxic effects of etizolam overdose. Here, the authors report the case of a 42-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency department ... ...

Abstract	During the last decade, only few cases of acute etizolam intoxication have been detailed. Little is known about the toxic effects of etizolam overdose. Here, the authors report the case of a 42-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency department for intense agitation following etizolam and cocaine consumption. Detection and determination of etizolam and cocaine (including metabolites) were achieved using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Etizolam and benzoylecgonine (BZE) were detected in plasma at 64 and 10 ng/mL, respectively. The level of cocaine was below the limit of quantification (< 5 ng/mL). To the authors’ knowledge, the only report detailing an etizolam overdose was provided by O’Connell et al. and was characterized by the presence of central nervous system (CNS) depression signs. Interestingly, here, there were no signs of CNS depression but only signs of CNS excitation. With regard to cocaine and BZE plasma concentrations, the clinical presentation cannot be only explained by the co-consumption of cocaine. It may be hypothesized that the clinical presentation was related to a paradoxical reaction to etizolam overdose. To date, no case of paradoxical excitation related to etizolam use has been reported in adults. The case presented here appears particularly interesting, given the limited data relating to high-dose etizolam toxicity.
Keywords	agitation ; benzodiazepines ; central nervous system ; cocaine ; forensic sciences ; liquid chromatography ; metabolites ; overdose ; poisoning ; tandem mass spectrometry ; toxicity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-07
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	424042-x
ISSN	1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
ISSN (online)	1872-6283
ISSN	0379-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111324
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Article ; Online: Nephrotoxicity of Amoxicillin and Third-Generation Cephalosporins: An Updated Review.

Garnier, Anne-Sophie / Drablier, Guillaume / Briet, Marie / Augusto, Jean-François

Drug safety

2023 Volume 46, Issue 8, Page(s) 715–724

Abstract: Because of their broad-spectrum bactericidal activity, amoxicillin (AMX) and third-generation cephalosporins (TGC) are widely used for the prophylaxis and treatment of established infections. They are considered relatively safe, but several recent ... ...

Abstract	Because of their broad-spectrum bactericidal activity, amoxicillin (AMX) and third-generation cephalosporins (TGC) are widely used for the prophylaxis and treatment of established infections. They are considered relatively safe, but several recent reports have suggested substantial nephrotoxicity, especially with AMX use. Considering the importance of AMX and TGC for clinical practice, we conducted this up-to-date review, using the PubMed database, which focuses specifically on the nephrotoxicity of these molecules. We also briefly review the pharmacology of AMX and TGC. Nephrotoxicity of AMX may be driven by several pathophysiological mechanisms, such as a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, anaphylaxis, or intratubular and/or urinary tract drug precipitation. In this review, we focused on the two main renal adverse effects of AMX, namely acute interstitial nephritis and crystal nephropathy. We summarize the current knowledge in terms of incidence, pathogenesis, factors, clinical features, and diagnosis. The purpose of this review is also to underline the probable underestimation of AMX nephrotoxicity and to educate clinicians about the recent increased incidence and severe renal prognosis associated with crystal nephropathy. We also suggest some key elements on the management of these complications to avoid inappropriate use and to limit the risk of nephrotoxicity. While renal injury appears to be rarer with TGC, several patterns of nephrotoxicity have been reported in the literature, such as nephrolithiasis, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, or acute interstitial nephropathy, which we detail in the second part of this review.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Amoxicillin/adverse effects ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Kidney ; Nephritis, Interstitial/chemically induced ; Nephritis, Interstitial/drug therapy ; Cephalosporins/adverse effects ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Amoxicillin (804826J2HU) ; Cephalosporins ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-13
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1018059-x
ISSN	1179-1942 ; 0114-5916
ISSN (online)	1179-1942
ISSN	0114-5916
DOI	10.1007/s40264-023-01316-1
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Article ; Online: Toxicity of designer benzodiazepines: A case of etizolam and cocaine intoxication.

Drevin, Guillaume / Briet, Marie / Ferec, Severine / Abbara, Chadi

Forensic science international

2022 Volume 336, Page(s) 111324

Abstract	During the last decade, only few cases of acute etizolam intoxication have been detailed. Little is known about the toxic effects of etizolam overdose. Here, the authors report the case of a 42-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency department for intense agitation following etizolam and cocaine consumption. Detection and determination of etizolam and cocaine (including metabolites) were achieved using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Etizolam and benzoylecgonine (BZE) were detected in plasma at 64 and 10 ng/mL, respectively. The level of cocaine was below the limit of quantification (< 5 ng/mL). To the authors' knowledge, the only report detailing an etizolam overdose was provided by O'Connell et al. and was characterized by the presence of central nervous system (CNS) depression signs. Interestingly, here, there were no signs of CNS depression but only signs of CNS excitation. With regard to cocaine and BZE plasma concentrations, the clinical presentation cannot be only explained by the co-consumption of cocaine. It may be hypothesized that the clinical presentation was related to a paradoxical reaction to etizolam overdose. To date, no case of paradoxical excitation related to etizolam use has been reported in adults. The case presented here appears particularly interesting, given the limited data relating to high-dose etizolam toxicity.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Benzodiazepines ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Cocaine ; Diazepam/analogs & derivatives ; Drug Overdose ; Humans ; Male
Chemical Substances	Benzodiazepines (12794-10-4) ; etizolam (A76XI0HL37) ; Cocaine (I5Y540LHVR) ; Diazepam (Q3JTX2Q7TU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-30
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	424042-x
ISSN	1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
ISSN (online)	1872-6283
ISSN	0379-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111324
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Article ; Online: Mineralocorticoid receptor, the main player in aldosterone-induced large artery stiffness.

Briet, Marie

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)

2014 Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 442–443

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Hypertension/metabolism ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism ; Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/metabolism ; Vascular Stiffness/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Mineralocorticoid
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Editorial
ZDB-ID	423736-5
ISSN	1524-4563 ; 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
ISSN (online)	1524-4563
ISSN	0194-911X ; 0362-4323
DOI	10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02581
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Article ; Online: Molybdenum Occupational Study in a French Cohort of Workers.

Drevin, Guillaume / Lelievre, Benedicte / Riou, Jérémie / Briet, Marie

Annals of work exposures and health

2021 Volume 66, Issue 1, Page(s) 52–59

Abstract: Objectives: Occupational exposure to molybdenum has been poorly documented to date. Here, we present a retrospective study evaluating urinary molybdenum concentration before and after shift over a period of 2 years in exposed workers.: Methods: This ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Occupational exposure to molybdenum has been poorly documented to date. Here, we present a retrospective study evaluating urinary molybdenum concentration before and after shift over a period of 2 years in exposed workers. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted across eight industrial sites in France and included all workers undergoing medical follow-up for occupational molybdenum exposure. A mean of six sequential samples (before and after shift) was performed for each worker. The urinary molybdenum concentration was determined using a validated method of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. A mixed linear model was built and linear regression was used to verify the extent to which the urinary molybdenum concentration depends on the age of the workers and the sampling period. Additionally, an analysis based on individual trajectory was also performed. Results: Seventy-seven workers were included in the present study. Post-shift urinary molybdenum concentrations were significantly higher than pre-shift values [median (95th percentile) 37.9 (91.1), versus 60.6 (190.0) µg g-1 creatinine, respectively, P < 0.009]. No accumulation of molybdenum over time was observed. The urinary molybdenum concentrations were not influenced by age. Four workers presented high post-shift values as a result of not adhering to protection measures (maxima of 529.8, 359.7, 386.3, and 1459.7 µg g-1 creatinine, respectively). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study of occupational molybdenum exposure in France to include an individual trajectory analysis. No accumulation of molybdenum was seen but high post-shift molybdenum urinary concentrations were observed for some workers. The study emphasizes the importance of molybdenum monitoring in exposed workers.
MeSH term(s)	Cohort Studies ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; France ; Humans ; Molybdenum/analysis ; Occupational Exposure/analysis ; Retrospective Studies
Chemical Substances	Molybdenum (81AH48963U)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2885096-8
ISSN	2398-7316 ; 2398-7308
ISSN (online)	2398-7316
ISSN	2398-7308
DOI	10.1093/annweh/wxab048
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Article ; Online: 3-Methylmethcathinone Intoxication: Discrepancies Between Blood Concentrations and Clinical Outcomes-A Short Communication.

Drevin, Guillaume / Baudriller, Antoine / Ferec, Severine / Beloncle, François / Briet, Marie / Abbara, Chadi

Therapeutic drug monitoring

2023 Volume 45, Issue 6, Page(s) 837–839

Abstract: Background: The absence of a correlation between the blood concentration of 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) and clinical outcomes in intoxication cases has been attributed to stability issues. Indeed, a loss of more than 50%, 70%, and even 95% of 3-MMC in ...

Abstract	Background: The absence of a correlation between the blood concentration of 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) and clinical outcomes in intoxication cases has been attributed to stability issues. Indeed, a loss of more than 50%, 70%, and even 95% of 3-MMC in whole blood after 2 weeks of storage at 20°C, 4°C, and room temperature, respectively, has been reported in the past. Here, the authors report the case of a 43-year-old man who was hospitalized with generalized convulsive status epilepticus related to 3-MMC use with a plasma concentration of 9600 ng/mL (delay between sampling and analysis <72 hours). The stability of 3-MMC was evaluated in several biological specimens. Methods: Three quality control samples (human plasma, whole blood, and postmortem blood) spiked with 3-MMC were stored at -20°C and 4°C for 14 days. The initial analysis was performed on day 1 to establish the initial concentration of 3-MMC in each specimen type, and the samples were divided into 2 aliquots for storage under both conditions. Further analyses were performed on days 7 and 14 for each specimen, and the results were compared with those obtained on day 1. Results: 3-MMC appeared relatively stable in whole and postmortem blood when stored at -20°C for 1 week, with losses of <3% in both matrices (0% and 2.5%, respectively). At +4°C, 3-MMC losses ranged from 25% to 53%. Conclusions: These results differ from others reported in the literature. Hence, it may be hypothesized that other elements should be considered to explain the discrepancy between the concentration and toxicity pointed out by the Toxicology community, especially the development of tolerance.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Methamphetamine ; Substance Abuse Detection/methods ; Forensic Toxicology ; Temperature
Chemical Substances	3-methylmethcathinone (73Q9QTO1N4) ; Methamphetamine (44RAL3456C)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424443-6
ISSN	1536-3694 ; 0163-4356
ISSN (online)	1536-3694
ISSN	0163-4356
DOI	10.1097/FTD.0000000000001134
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Article ; Online: The interest of using vitreous humor for γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) quantification in related fatalities: Stability evaluation, case report and literature review.

Baudriller, Antoine / Abbara, Chadi / Briet, Marie / Ferec, Séverine / Rossi, Léa-Héléna / Jousset, Nathalie / Malbranque, Stéphane / Drevin, Guillaume

Journal of forensic and legal medicine

2024 Volume 101, Page(s) 102641

Abstract: Analysis and interpretation of the findings for γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in related fatalities remains problematic. Indeed, GHB is a naturally occurring compound present in both the mammalian central nervous system and peripheral tissue. Moreover, a ... ...

Abstract	Analysis and interpretation of the findings for γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in related fatalities remains problematic. Indeed, GHB is a naturally occurring compound present in both the mammalian central nervous system and peripheral tissue. Moreover, a postmortem increase in endogenous GHB concentration has been observed, especially in blood. Facing this issue, the use of an alternative matrix such as vitreous humor (VH) can thus be particularly interesting for GHB testing and quantification. VH is considered to be less prone to postmortem redistribution, is easy to collect, and has relatively few interfering compounds for the analytical process. In this context, the authors report the case of a GHB-related fatality involving 22-year-old male. In this case, GHB femoral blood (FB) (790 mg/L) and vitreous (750 mg/L) concentrations appeared similar with a FB to VH (FB/VH) ratio of 1.05. In addition, other similar cases with both GHB blood and vitreous concentrations were reviewed. Five cases were identified. The blood to VH ratios ranging from 0.13 to 2.58. Finally, GHB stability was documented in postmortem blood and VH, in order to address the reliability of VH as an alternative matrix for GHB quantitation at postmortem. GHB appeared relatively stable in postmortem blood specimens (at 50 mg/L) over a period of 28 days when stored at +4 °C or -20 °C. The same results were observed in VH specimens.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Sodium Oxybate/analysis ; Vitreous Body/chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Autopsy ; Femur
Chemical Substances	Sodium Oxybate (7G33012534)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2268721-X
ISSN	1878-7487 ; 1752-928X
ISSN (online)	1878-7487
ISSN	1752-928X
DOI	10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102641
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Article ; Online: Synthetic cathinones in drug-facilitated sexual assault: A case report involving the novel generation substituted cathinone N-ethylpentedrone and a review of the literature.

Drevin, Guillaume / Gaulier, Jean-Michel / Hakim, Florian / Gish, Alexandr / Férec, Séverine / Renard, Laura / Malbranque, Stéphane / Briet, Marie / Abbara, Chadi

Forensic science international

2024 Volume 359, Page(s) 112030

Abstract: The use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) is not uncommon. Indeed, the effects associated with the use of this substance may lead to disinhibition. Several synthetic cathinones, such as mephedrone or ... ...

Abstract	The use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) is not uncommon. Indeed, the effects associated with the use of this substance may lead to disinhibition. Several synthetic cathinones, such as mephedrone or methylone, also possess marked entactogenic properties. This manuscript aims to (i) report a DFSA case involving a novel cathinone derivative, namely N-ethyl-pentedrone (NEPD) and (ii) review previously reported DFSA cases involving synthetic cathinones. Using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), NEPD was detected in both plasma and urine collected from a 36-year-old male who had been victim of DFSA. Furthermore, an exhaustive, non-period-specific English-language literature search was performed using several different electronic databases to identify DFSA cases involving synthetic cathinones. Overall, five synthetic cathinones have been associated with DFSA:methylenedioxypyrovalerone, 4-methylethcathinone, α -pyrrolidinopentiophenone, mephedrone, α -pyrrolidinohexiophenone, and methylone, which appears to be the most frequently reported. Methylone is the β-keto analog of MDMA, with which it shares substantial pharmacological similarities. Indeed, the pharmacological effects of methylone are similar to those associated with MDMA. By contrast, little is known regarding NEPD's pharmacological effects in humans. Based on subjective reports, NEPD can produce both positive and negative effects in human. Unlike what is reported in the case of methylone or mephedrone, only a small minority of NEPD users report slightly entactogenics effects. Such properties theoretically make NEPD more suitable for use in a chemsex context than in DFSA context; even though, the boundary between these two specific forms of sexualized drug use can sometimes appear tenuous.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Alkaloids/analysis ; Mass Spectrometry ; Designer Drugs/adverse effects ; Designer Drugs/analysis ; Pentanones/chemistry ; Rape
Chemical Substances	Alkaloids ; cathinone (540EI4406J) ; Designer Drugs ; Pentanones
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-19
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	424042-x
ISSN	1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
ISSN (online)	1872-6283
ISSN	0379-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112030
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Article: Arterial Remodelling in Chronic Kidney Disease: Impact of Uraemic Toxins and New Pharmacological Approaches.

Foudi, Nabil / Palayer, Maeva / Briet, Marie / Garnier, Anne-Sophie

Journal of clinical medicine

2021 Volume 10, Issue 17

Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern that affects around 10 percent of the world's population. The severity of CKD is mainly due to the high prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) complications in this population. The aim of this ... ...

Abstract	Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern that affects around 10 percent of the world's population. The severity of CKD is mainly due to the high prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) complications in this population. The aim of this review is to describe the arterial remodelling associated with CKD, to provide a quick overview of the mechanisms involved and to review the recent pharmacological approaches aimed at improving vascular health in CKD. CKD patients are exposed to metabolic and haemodynamic disorders that may affect the CV system. Large artery functional and geometric abnormalities have been well documented in CKD patients and are associated with an increase in arterial stiffness and a maladaptive remodelling. Uraemic toxins, such as indoxyl sulphate, p-cresyl sulphate, protein carbamylation and advanced glycation products, exert various effects on vascular smooth muscle cell functions. The low-grade inflammation associated with CKD may also affect arterial wall composition and remodelling. It is worth noting that the CV risk for CKD patients remains high despite the pharmacological control of traditional CV risk factors, suggesting the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. An interventional study targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome has provided some interesting preliminary results that need to be confirmed, especially in terms of safety.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm10173803
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