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Article ; Online: Membrane composition and successful bioaugmentation. Studies of the interactions of model thylakoid and plasma cyanobacterial and bacterial membranes with fungal membrane-lytic enzyme Lecitase ultra.

Perczyk, Paulina / Broniatowski, Marcin

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes

2022 Volume 1864, Issue 6, Page(s) 183888

Abstract: Cyanobacterial/bacterial consortia are frequently inoculated to soils to increase the soil fertility and to accelerate the biodegradation of organic pollutants. Moreover, such consortia can also be successfully applied in landfills especially for the ... ...

Abstract	Cyanobacterial/bacterial consortia are frequently inoculated to soils to increase the soil fertility and to accelerate the biodegradation of organic pollutants. Moreover, such consortia can also be successfully applied in landfills especially for the biodegradation of plastic wastes. However, the bioaugmentation techniques turn out frequently inefficient due to the competition of the indigenous microorganisms attacking directly these inoculated or secreting to their surroundings cell wall and membrane-lytic enzymes. It can be hypothesized that the resistance of the microbial membrane to the enzymatic degradation is correlated with its lipid composition. To verify this hypothesis glycolipid and phospholipid Langmuir monolayers were applied as models of thylakoid and plasma cyanobacterial and bacterial membranes. Hybrid fungal enzyme Lecitase ultra joining the activity of lipase and phospholipase A1 was applied as the model of fungal membrane-lytic enzyme. It turned out that anionic thylakoid lipids sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerols were the main targets of Lecitase ultra in the model multicomponent thylakoid membranes. The resistance of the model plasma bacterial membranes to enzymatic degradation depended significantly to their composition. The resistance increased generally when the unsaturated lipids were exchanged to their saturated counterparts. However, most resistant turned out the membranes composed of unsaturated phosphatidylamine and saturated anionic phospholipids.
MeSH term(s)	Anions ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Phosphatidylglycerols ; Phospholipids/metabolism ; Thylakoids/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Anions ; Phosphatidylglycerols ; Phospholipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-19
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2642 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2642 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183888
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Article ; Online: Simultaneous action of microbial phospholipase C and lipase on model bacterial membranes - Modeling the processes crucial for bioaugmentation.

Perczyk, Paulina / Broniatowski, Marcin

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes

2021 Volume 1863, Issue 7, Page(s) 183620

Abstract: Bioaugmentation is a promising method of the remediation of soils polluted by persistent organic pollutants (POP). Unfortunately, it happens frequently that the microorganisms inoculated into the soil die out due to the presence of enzymes secreted by ... ...

Abstract	Bioaugmentation is a promising method of the remediation of soils polluted by persistent organic pollutants (POP). Unfortunately, it happens frequently that the microorganisms inoculated into the soil die out due to the presence of enzymes secreted by autochthonous microorganisms. Especially destructive are here phospholipases C (PLC) and lipases which destruct the microorganism's cellular membrane. The composition of bacterial membranes differs between species, so it is highly possible that depending on the membrane constitution some bacteria are more resistant to PLCs and lipases than other. To shed light on these problems we applied phospholipid Langmuir monolayers as model microbial membranes and studied their interactions with α-toxin (model bacterial PLC) and the lipase isolated from soil fungus Candida rugosa. Membrane phospholipids differing in their headgroup (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylglycerols and cardiolipins) and in their tail structure were applied. The monolayers were characterized by the Langmuir technique, visualized by Brewster angle microscopy, and the packing mode of the phospholipid molecules was verified by the application of the diffraction of synchrotron radiation. We also studied the mutual miscibility of diacylglycerols and the native phospholipids as their interaction is crucial for the understanding of the PLC and lipase activity. It turned out that all the investigated phospholipid classes can be hydrolyzed by PLC; however, they differ profoundly in the hydrolysis degree. Depending on the effects of the initial PLC action and the mutual organization of the diacylglycerol and phospholipid molecules the lipase can ruin the model membranes or can be completely neutral to them.
MeSH term(s)	Clostridium perfringens/enzymology ; Lipase/chemistry ; Lipase/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Phosphatidylcholines/chemistry ; Phospholipids/chemistry ; Saccharomycetales/enzymology ; Type C Phospholipases/chemistry ; Type C Phospholipases/metabolism ; Unilamellar Liposomes/chemistry ; Unilamellar Liposomes/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Phosphatidylcholines ; Phospholipids ; Unilamellar Liposomes ; Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) ; Type C Phospholipases (EC 3.1.4.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2642 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2642 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183620
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Article ; Online: Statin Action Targets Lipid Rafts of Cell Membranes: GIXD/PM-IRRAS Investigation of Langmuir Monolayers.

Zaborowska, Michalina / Broniatowski, Marcin / Fontaine, Philippe / Bilewicz, Renata / Matyszewska, Dorota

The journal of physical chemistry. B

2023 Volume 127, Issue 32, Page(s) 7135–7147

Abstract: Lipid rafts are condensed regions of cell membranes rich in cholesterol and sphingomyelin, which constitute the target for anticholesterolemic drugs - statins. In this work, we use for the first time a combined grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD)/ ... ...

Abstract	Lipid rafts are condensed regions of cell membranes rich in cholesterol and sphingomyelin, which constitute the target for anticholesterolemic drugs - statins. In this work, we use for the first time a combined grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD)/polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS)/Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) approach to show the statin effect on model lipid rafts and its components assembled in Langmuir monolayers at the air-water interface. Two representatives of these drugs, fluvastatin (FLU) and cerivastatin (CER), of different hydrophobicity were chosen, while cholesterol (Chol) and sphingomyelin (SM), and their 1:1 mixture were selected to form condensed monolayers of lipid rafts. The effect of statins on the single components of lipid rafts indicated that both the hydrophobicity of the drugs and the organization of the layer determined the drug-lipid interaction. For cholesterol monolayers, only the most hydrophobic CER was effectively changing the film structure, while for the less organized sphingomyelin, the biggest effect was observed for FLU. This drug affected both the polar headgroup region as shown by PM-IRRAS results and the 2D crystalline structure of the SM monolayer as evidenced by GIXD. Measurements performed for Chol/SM 1:1 models proved also that the statin effect depends on the presence of Chol-SM complexes. In this case, the less hydrophobic FLU was not able to penetrate the binary layer at all, while exposure to the hydrophobic CER resulted in the phase separation and formation of ordered assemblies. The changes in the membrane properties were visualized by BAM images and GIXD patterns and confirmed by thermodynamic parameters of hysteresis in the Langmuir monolayer compression-decompression experiments.
MeSH term(s)	Sphingomyelins/chemistry ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; X-Ray Diffraction ; Incidence ; Cholesterol/chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Membrane Microdomains/metabolism ; Surface Properties
Chemical Substances	Sphingomyelins ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1520-5207
ISSN (online)	1520-5207
DOI	10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02574
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Article ; Online: Persistent organic pollutants in model fungal membranes. Effects on the activity of phospholipases.

Perczyk, Paulina / Młyńczak, Maja / Wydro, Paweł / Broniatowski, Marcin

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes

2022 Volume 1864, Issue 11, Page(s) 184018

Abstract: Soils are the final sink for multiple organic pollutants emitted to the environment. Some of these chemicals which are toxic, recalcitrant and can bioaccumulate in living organism and biomagnify in trophic chains are classified persistent organic ... ...

Abstract	Soils are the final sink for multiple organic pollutants emitted to the environment. Some of these chemicals which are toxic, recalcitrant and can bioaccumulate in living organism and biomagnify in trophic chains are classified persistent organic pollutants (POP). Vast areas of arable land have been polluted by POPs and the only economically possible means of decontamination is bioremediation, that is the utilization of POP-degrading microbes. Especially useful can be non-ligninolytic fungi, as their fast-growing mycelia can reach POP molecules strongly bond to soil minerals or humus fraction inaccessible to bacteria. The mobilized POP molecules are incorporated into the fungal plasma membrane where their degradation begins. The presence of POP molecules in the membranes can change their physical properties and trigger toxic effects to the cell. To avoid these phenomena fungi can quickly remodel the phospholipid composition of their membrane with employing different phospholipases and acyltransferases. However, if the presence of POP downregulates the phospholipases, toxic effects and the final death of microbial cells are highly probable. In our studies we applied multicomponent Langmuir monolayers with their composition mimicking fungal plasma membranes and studied their interactions with two different microbial phospholipases: phospholipase C (α-toxin) and phospholipase A1 (Lecitase ultra). The model membranes were doped with selected POPs that are frequently found in contaminated soils. It turned out that most of the employed POPs do not downregulate considerably the activity of phospholipases, which is a good prognostics for the application of non-ligninolytic fungi in bioremediation.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Persistent Organic Pollutants ; Phospholipases ; Phospholipids/chemistry ; Soil
Chemical Substances	Phospholipids ; Soil ; Phospholipases (EC 3.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2642 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2642 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184018
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Article ; Online: Interactions of fungal phospholipase Lecitase ultra with phospholipid Langmuir monolayers - Search for substrate specificity and structural factors affecting the activity of the enzyme.

Perczyk, Paulina / Gawlak, Roksana / Broniatowski, Marcin

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes

2021 Volume 1863, Issue 10, Page(s) 183687

Abstract: Inoculation of selected microbial species into the soils is one of the most effective means of bioremediation of soils polluted by persistent organic pollutants as well as of biocontrol of plant pests. However, this procedure turns out frequently to be ... ...

Abstract	Inoculation of selected microbial species into the soils is one of the most effective means of bioremediation of soils polluted by persistent organic pollutants as well as of biocontrol of plant pests. However, this procedure turns out frequently to be ineffective due to the membrane-destructive enzymes secreted to the soil by the autochthonous microorganisms. Especial role play here phospholipases and among them phospholipase A1 (PLA1), Therefore, to explain the interactions of microbial membranes and PLA1 at molecular level and to find the correlation between the composition of the membrane and its resistance to PLA1 action we applied phospholipid Langmuir monolayers as model microbial membranes. As a representative soil extracellular PLA1 we applied Lecitase ultra which is a commercially available hybrid enzyme of PLA1 activity. With the application of specific sn1-ether-sn2-ester phospholipids we proved that Lecitase ultra has solely PLA1 activity; thus, can be applied as an effective model of soil PLA1s. Our studies proved that this enzyme has vast substrate specificity and can hydrolyze structural phospholipids regardless the structure of their polar headgroup. It turned out that the hydrolysis rate was controlled by the condensation of the model membranes. These built of the phospholipids with long saturated fatty acid chains were especially resistant to the action of this enzyme, whereas these formed by the 1-saturated-2-unsaturated-sn-glycero-3-phospholipids were readily degraded. Regarding the polar headgroup we proposed the following row of substrate preference of Lecitase ultra: phosphatidylglycerols > phosphatidylcholines > phosphatidylethanolamines > cardiolipins.
MeSH term(s)	Aspergillus oryzae/enzymology ; Hydrolysis ; Phospholipases/chemistry ; Phospholipases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Substrate Specificity
Chemical Substances	Phospholipases (EC 3.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2642 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2642 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183687
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Article ; Online: The effect of chlorination degree and substitution pattern on the interactions of polychlorinated biphenyls with model bacterial membranes.

Wójcik, Aneta / Bieniasz, Agata / Wydro, Paweł / Broniatowski, Marcin

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes

2019 Volume 1861, Issue 6, Page(s) 1057–1068

Abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are persistent organic pollutants that due to their chemical resistivity and inflammability found multiple applications. In spite of the global ban for PCB production, due to their long half-lives periods, PCB accumulate ... ...

Abstract	Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are persistent organic pollutants that due to their chemical resistivity and inflammability found multiple applications. In spite of the global ban for PCB production, due to their long half-lives periods, PCB accumulate in the soils, so effective bioremediation of the polluted lands is of crucial importance. Some of the 209 PCB congeners exhibit increased toxicity to soil bacteria and their presence impoverish the soil decomposer community and slows down the degradation of environmental pollutants in the soils. The exact mechanism of PCB antimicrobial activity is unknown, but it is strictly related with the membrane activity of PCB. Therefore, to shed light on these interactions we applied Langmuir monolayers formed by selected phospholipids as model bacterial membranes. In our studies we tested 5 PCB congeners differing in the degree of chlorination and the distribution of the chlorine substituents around the biphenyl frame. Special attention was paid to tetra-substituted PCB because of their increased presence in the environment and disubstituted PCB being their degradation products. To characterize the model membranes as Langmuir monolayers, we used surface pressure measurements, Brewster angle microscopy and Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction. It turned out that among the tetra-substituted PCB the ortho-substituted non-dioxin like compound was much more membrane destructive than the flat dioxin-like congener. On the contrary, among the di-substituted PCB the flat para-substituted 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl turned out to exhibit high membrane activity.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Membrane/drug effects ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/metabolism ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/ultrastructure ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/metabolism ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/ultrastructure ; Halogenation ; Membrane Lipids/metabolism ; Microscopy/methods ; Phospholipids/metabolism ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/pharmacology ; X-Ray Diffraction/methods
Chemical Substances	Membrane Lipids ; Phospholipids ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DFC2HB4I0K)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-16
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2642 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2642 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.03.009
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Article ; Online: Long-chain alkyl thiols in Langmuir monolayers.

Broniatowski, Marcin

Journal of colloid and interface science

2009 Volume 337, Issue 1, Page(s) 183–190

Abstract: A series of homologous alkyl thiols C(n)H(2n+1)SH (n=14-18, 20, 22) have been synthesized and Langmuir monolayers have been thoroughly characterized using surface pressure, electric surface potential measurements and Brewster angle microscopy. Although ... ...

Abstract	A series of homologous alkyl thiols C(n)H(2n+1)SH (n=14-18, 20, 22) have been synthesized and Langmuir monolayers have been thoroughly characterized using surface pressure, electric surface potential measurements and Brewster angle microscopy. Although the -SH group cannot form strong hydrogen bonding with the water subphase, thereby causing weak anchoring, it has been found that alkyl thiols having more than 15 carbon atoms are capable of Langmuir monolayer formation at room temperature. The stability of the investigated films is not very high, however, but quite sufficient for LB transfer at low surface pressures. The increase in aliphatic chain length does not lead to any considerable improvement of the monolayer stability. The influence of subphase temperature and the presence of various cations in the aqueous subphase have also been studied. Contrary to literature, it has been found that the presence of alkaline earth metals cations does not improve the monolayer stability, and although the collapse pressure is higher, the equilibrium surface pressure remains the same as on pure water.
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-09-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	241597-5
ISSN	1095-7103 ; 0021-9797
ISSN (online)	1095-7103
ISSN	0021-9797
DOI	10.1016/j.jcis.2009.04.089
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Article ; Online: The role of phospholipid composition and ergosterol presence in the adaptation of fungal membranes to harsh environmental conditions-membrane modeling study.

Perczyk, Paulina / Wójcik, Aneta / Wydro, Paweł / Broniatowski, Marcin

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes

2019 Volume 1862, Issue 2, Page(s) 183136

Abstract: Soil fungi play an important role in the environment decomposing dead organic matter and degrading persistent organic pollutants (POP). The presence of hydrophobic POP in the soil and membrane-lytic substances excreted by competing microorganism to the ... ...

Abstract	Soil fungi play an important role in the environment decomposing dead organic matter and degrading persistent organic pollutants (POP). The presence of hydrophobic POP in the soil and membrane-lytic substances excreted by competing microorganism to the soil solution is the constant threat to these organisms. To survive in the harsh environment and counteract these hazards the fungal cells have to strictly control the composition of the lipids in their cellular membranes. However, in the case of fungal membranes the correlation between their composition and physical properties is not fully understood. In our studies we applied Langmuir monolayers formed by phospholipids typical to fungal membranes and ergosterol as versatile model membranes. These membranes were characterized by the Langmuir technique, Brewster Angle Microscopy and Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction, as well as were exposed to the action of phospholipase A2 treated as a model membrane-lytic protein. We started our studies from the equimolar mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine with phosphatidylcholine and doped this matrix with phosphatidylserine (PS) or phosphatidylinositol (PI). It turned out that the membranes with PS were much more condensed at the mesoscale and periodically organized at the molecular level. Starting from these models we derived two families of model fungal membranes adding to these phospholipid matrices ergosterol. It turned out that the level of ergosterol content is of crucial importance for the model membrane structure and its durability. Changing the ergosterol mole ratio from 0 to 0.5 we defined and described in detail four different 2D crystalline phases.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Ergosterol/chemistry ; Fungi/chemistry ; Phosphatidylcholines/chemistry ; Phosphatidylinositols/chemistry ; Phosphatidylserines/chemistry ; Phospholipases A2/metabolism ; Unilamellar Liposomes/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Phosphatidylcholines ; Phosphatidylinositols ; Phosphatidylserines ; Unilamellar Liposomes ; Phospholipases A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) ; Ergosterol (Z30RAY509F)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2642 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2642 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183136
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Article ; Online: The composition of phospholipid model bacterial membranes determines their endurance to secretory phospholipase A2 attack - The role of cardiolipin.

Perczyk, Paulina / Wójcik, Aneta / Hachlica, Natalia / Wydro, Paweł / Broniatowski, Marcin

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes

2020 Volume 1862, Issue 6, Page(s) 183239

Abstract: Soil bacteria are decomposer organisms crucial for the biodegradation of organic pollutants, mineralization of dead organic matter and the turnover of biogenic elements. In their environment they are constantly exposed to membrane-lytic enzymes emitted ... ...

Abstract	Soil bacteria are decomposer organisms crucial for the biodegradation of organic pollutants, mineralization of dead organic matter and the turnover of biogenic elements. In their environment they are constantly exposed to membrane-lytic enzymes emitted to the soil by other microorganisms competing for the same niche. Therefore, the composition and structure of their membranes is of utmost importance for survival in the harsh environment. Although soil bacteria species can be Gram-negative or Gram-positive and their membranes differ significantly, they are formed by phospholipids belonging mainly to three classes: phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), phosphatidylglycerols (PG) and cardiolipins (CL). The correlation of the membrane phospholipid composition and its susceptibility to secretory membrane-lytic enzymes is widely unknown; thus, to shed light on these phenomena we applied the Langmuir monolayer technique to construct models of soil bacteria membranes differing in the mutual proportion of the main phospholipids. To characterize the systems we studied their elasticity, mesoscopic texture, 2D crystalline structure and discussed the thermodynamics of the interactions between their components. The model membranes were exposed to secretory phospholipase A2. It turned out that in spite of the structural similarities the model membranes differed significantly in their susceptibility to s-PLA2 attack. The membranes devoid of cardiolipin were completely degraded, whereas, these containing cardiolipin were much more resistant to the enzymatic hydrolysis. It also turned out that the sole presence of cardiolipin in the model membrane did not guarantee the membrane durability and that the interplay between cardiolipin and the zwitterionic phosphatidylethanolamine was here of crucial importance.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Outer Membrane/chemistry ; Bacterial Outer Membrane/physiology ; Cardiolipins/analysis ; Cardiolipins/physiology ; Membranes, Artificial ; Models, Biological ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/analysis ; Phosphatidylglycerols/analysis ; Phospholipases A2, Secretory/metabolism ; Phospholipids/analysis ; Phospholipids/chemistry ; Soil Microbiology
Chemical Substances	Cardiolipins ; Membranes, Artificial ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; Phosphatidylglycerols ; Phospholipids ; Phospholipases A2, Secretory (EC 3.1.1.4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2642 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2642 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183239
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Interactions of two structurally related anionic phospholipids cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol with phospholipase A2. Langmuir monolayer studies.

Broniatowski, Marcin / Urbaś, Monika

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes

2016 Volume 1859, Issue 2, Page(s) 155–166

Abstract: Anionic phospholipids cardiolipins (CL) and phosphatidylglycerols (PG) dominate in the biomembranes of the majority of soil bacteria. CL to PG ratio differs between the species and is also dependent on the external conditions. CL/PG ratio is different in ...

Abstract	Anionic phospholipids cardiolipins (CL) and phosphatidylglycerols (PG) dominate in the biomembranes of the majority of soil bacteria. CL to PG ratio differs between the species and is also dependent on the external conditions. CL/PG ratio is different in polluted than in unspoiled soils and it was hypothesized that it is connected with the activity of the membranelytic enzymes from the phospholipase A2 class (PLA2) as it was proved that persistent soil pollutants can activate PLA2. In our studies we applied the Langmuir monolayer technique and Brewster angle microscopy to elucidate the mechanism of the interactions of PLA2 with the model membranes formed by anionic phospholipids. It turned out that there are significant differences between CL and PG. The monolayer of PG is hydrolyzed readily and entirely, whereas for CL approximately 30% of the phospholipid molecules are hydrolyzed after which the enzyme is inhibited. The observed differences between PG and CL are strictly connected with the hydrophobicity of the generated lysolipids: lyso-PG and lyso-CL. Lyso-PG is water soluble and leaves the interface whereas lyso-CL is water-insoluble remains at the interface and modifies the monolayer properties. The second hydrolysis product - myristic acid (MA) forms crystallites of calcium myristate when generated from PG, whereas when generated from CL it is shielded by the lysolipid and does not interact with calcium. Therefore, on the basis of our study it can be concluded that the increase in CL content protects the soil bacteria from PLA2 activity and from the loss of calcium homeostasis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anions/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cardiolipins/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Elapidae/metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Myristic Acid/metabolism ; Phosphatidylglycerols/metabolism ; Phospholipases A2/metabolism ; Phospholipids/metabolism ; Venoms/metabolism ; Water/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Anions ; Cardiolipins ; Phosphatidylglycerols ; Phospholipids ; Venoms ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Myristic Acid (0I3V7S25AW) ; Phospholipases A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0005-2736 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0005-2736 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.11.008
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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