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  1. Article ; Online: Socioeconomic status moderates neural markers of cognitive reappraisal across preschool.

    Kling, Jennifer L / Brooker, Rebecca J

    Biological psychology

    2023  Volume 186, Page(s) 108738

    Abstract: Emotion regulation (ER) is critical for children's healthy socio-emotional development, in part through its modulation of negative emotions that might otherwise place children at risk for psychopathology. The cognitive ER strategy of reappraisal appears ... ...

    Abstract Emotion regulation (ER) is critical for children's healthy socio-emotional development, in part through its modulation of negative emotions that might otherwise place children at risk for psychopathology. The cognitive ER strategy of reappraisal appears to be particularly protective against the development of symptoms of anxiety and depression during childhood. Despite widespread acceptance of the benefits of reappraisal for children's long-term affective function, little is known about the developmental mechanisms that support emerging reappraisal in young children. Proximal mechanisms supporting reappraisal include biological processes; the modulation of reactivity to negative emotional stimuli is visible at the neural level through the Late Positive Potential (LPP). Influences on the developmental course of mechanisms like the LPP almost certainly include contextual factors, including quality of the environment, which have been largely ignored in work to date. The present study included a test of early (age 3-4) socioeconomic status (SES) as a moderator of children's reappraisal, evidenced by differences in the LPP to passive view and reappraisal conditions, at age 5. Results supported the presence of moderation. Reappraisal was visible as differences in LPP across conditions at high, but not low, levels of SES. Findings offer a foundation for delineating the development of reappraisal and understanding contexts that may promote preschoolers' reappraisal. Results also contribute to the delineation of the role of early psychophysiological markers in affective function and early risk for psychopathology.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Cognition/physiology ; Emotions/physiology ; Social Class
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 185105-6
    ISSN 1873-6246 ; 0301-0511
    ISSN (online) 1873-6246
    ISSN 0301-0511
    DOI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108738
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  2. Article ; Online: Variation in coupling across neural and cardiac systems of regulation is linked to markers of anxiety risk in preschool.

    Peoples, Sarah G / Davis, Elizabeth L / Brooker, Rebecca J

    Development and psychopathology

    2024  , Page(s) 1–13

    Abstract: Both cortical and parasympathetic systems are believed to regulate emotional arousal in the service of healthy development. Systemic coordination, or coupling, between putative regulatory functions begins in early childhood. Yet the degree of coupling ... ...

    Abstract Both cortical and parasympathetic systems are believed to regulate emotional arousal in the service of healthy development. Systemic coordination, or coupling, between putative regulatory functions begins in early childhood. Yet the degree of coupling between cortical and parasympathetic systems in young children remains unclear, particularly in relation to the development of typical or atypical emotion function. We tested whether cortical (ERN) and parasympathetic (respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) markers of regulation were coupled during cognitive challenge in preschoolers (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1036173-x
    ISSN 1469-2198 ; 0954-5794
    ISSN (online) 1469-2198
    ISSN 0954-5794
    DOI 10.1017/S0954579424000609
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  3. Article ; Online: Methods and metrics for EEG/ERP assessment of emotion and cognition in young children.

    Kujawa, Autumn / Brooker, Rebecca J

    Developmental psychobiology

    2022  Volume 64, Issue 6, Page(s) e22284

    MeSH term(s) Benchmarking ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition ; Electroencephalography ; Emotions ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 4107-5
    ISSN 1098-2302 ; 0012-1630
    ISSN (online) 1098-2302
    ISSN 0012-1630
    DOI 10.1002/dev.22284
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  4. Article ; Online: Maternal Behavior and Socioeconomic Status Predict Longitudinal Changes in Error-Related Negativity in Preschoolers.

    Brooker, Rebecca J

    Child development

    2018  Volume 89, Issue 3, Page(s) 725–733

    Abstract: The development self-regulation has been called a primary task of childhood. One system of self-regulation, self-monitoring, is indexed at the level of neural activity as early as preschool as the error-related negativity (ERN). However, how context ... ...

    Abstract The development self-regulation has been called a primary task of childhood. One system of self-regulation, self-monitoring, is indexed at the level of neural activity as early as preschool as the error-related negativity (ERN). However, how context elicits developmental changes in neural processes of self-monitoring like the ERN is not well understood. Here, socioeconomic status (SES) and parenting were tested as environmental influences on ERN development between ages 3 and 4 (N = 119). Results showed the expected increases in ERN between ages 3 and 4 only when both maternal sensitivity and SES were high. This work demonstrates the importance of considering the early environment in order to understand the development of a neural process supporting self-regulation in young children.
    MeSH term(s) Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Child Development/physiology ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Executive Function/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Maternal Behavior/psychology ; Parenting/psychology ; Self-Control ; Social Class
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 215602-7
    ISSN 1467-8624 ; 0009-3920
    ISSN (online) 1467-8624
    ISSN 0009-3920
    DOI 10.1111/cdev.13066
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  5. Article ; Online: Envisioning motherhood: Mental-state language in caregiving narratives across the perinatal period.

    Rutherford, Helena J V / Yatziv, Tal / Vess, Matthew / Brooker, Rebecca J

    Infant mental health journal

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 2, Page(s) 218–227

    Abstract: Nancy Suchman's work highlighted the fundamental role of maternal mentalization in maternal addiction, mental health, and caregiving challenges. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of mental-state language (MSL) as a measure of mentalization in ... ...

    Abstract Nancy Suchman's work highlighted the fundamental role of maternal mentalization in maternal addiction, mental health, and caregiving challenges. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of mental-state language (MSL) as a measure of mentalization in prenatal and postnatal narratives and their sentiment in a sample of 91 primarily White mothers from the western United States, followed from the second trimester of pregnancy, through the third trimester, to 4 months postpartum. Specifically, we investigated the use of affective and cognitive MSL in prenatal narratives when mothers visualized caring for their baby and postnatal narratives when mothers compared their prenatal visualization to the current caregiving reality. Results indicated moderate consistency in MSL between the second and third trimesters, but prenatal and postnatal MSL was not significantly correlated. Across all time points, higher use of MSL was related to more positive sentiment, indicating an association between mentalization and positive caregiving representations across the perinatal period. Women used more affective than cognitive MSL in prenatal imagination of caregiving, but this pattern was reversed in their postpartum reflection. Implications on assessing parental mentalization prenatally and considering the relative dominance of affective and cognitive mentalizing are discussed while considering study limitations.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Infant ; Female ; Humans ; Mother-Child Relations/psychology ; Mothers/psychology ; Postpartum Period/psychology ; Language ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 225602-2
    ISSN 1097-0355 ; 0163-9641
    ISSN (online) 1097-0355
    ISSN 0163-9641
    DOI 10.1002/imhj.22048
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  6. Article ; Online: Associations between error-related negativity and childhood anxiety risk differ based on socioeconomic status.

    Mistry-Patel, Sejal / Brooker, Rebecca J

    Developmental psychology

    2022  Volume 59, Issue 5, Page(s) 801–812

    Abstract: Children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) families are at increased risk for anxiety problems, though knowledge of the pathways by which SES predicts children's anxiety outcomes remains scant. Limited work suggests SES as a moderator of links ... ...

    Abstract Children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) families are at increased risk for anxiety problems, though knowledge of the pathways by which SES predicts children's anxiety outcomes remains scant. Limited work suggests SES as a moderator of links between early development and anxiety outcomes but has not used a longitudinal framework or a multimethod approach. In this preregistered study, SES was tested as a simultaneous moderator of putatively biologically (error-related negativity [ERN]) and contextually (authoritarian parenting) based pathways of anxiety risk from ages 3 (
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Male ; Social Class ; Parenting ; Anxiety ; Child Behavior Disorders ; Anxiety Disorders
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2066223-3
    ISSN 1939-0599 ; 0012-1649
    ISSN (online) 1939-0599
    ISSN 0012-1649
    DOI 10.1037/dev0001461
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  7. Article ; Online: Maternal dynamic respiratory sinus arrhythmia during toddlers' interactions with novelty.

    Kiel, Elizabeth J / Phelps, Randi A / Brooker, Rebecca J

    Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies

    2021  Volume 26, Issue 3, Page(s) 388–408

    Abstract: Maternal psychophysiological responses to toddlers' distress to novelty may have important implications for parenting during early childhood that are relevant to children's eventual development of social withdrawal and anxiety. Likely, these responses ... ...

    Abstract Maternal psychophysiological responses to toddlers' distress to novelty may have important implications for parenting during early childhood that are relevant to children's eventual development of social withdrawal and anxiety. Likely, these responses depend on intrapersonal, interpersonal, and contextual factors. The current study investigated the time course of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) across two laboratory novelty episodes, one low threat and one moderate threat, in 120 mothers of 2-year-old toddlers. Growth models tested context differences in and correlates of dynamic patterns of RSA. Dynamic patterns differed between tasks and according to mothers' perceptions of and distress about toddler shyness. Thus, changes in mothers' RSA across toddlers' interactions with novelty seem to depend on the context as well as how mothers perceive and respond to their toddlers' shyness.
    MeSH term(s) Anxiety ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parenting ; Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ; Shyness
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2020049-3
    ISSN 1532-7078 ; 1525-0008
    ISSN (online) 1532-7078
    ISSN 1525-0008
    DOI 10.1111/infa.12392
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  8. Article ; Online: Considering context in the developmental psychobiology of self-regulation.

    Davis, Elizabeth L / Brooker, Rebecca J / Kahle, Sarah

    Developmental psychobiology

    2020  Volume 62, Issue 4, Page(s) 423–435

    Abstract: The developmental psychobiology of self-regulation in childhood has received increasing attention in recent years. As a next step in advancing research and theorizing about the processes by which early biological correlates of self-regulation are forged, ...

    Abstract The developmental psychobiology of self-regulation in childhood has received increasing attention in recent years. As a next step in advancing research and theorizing about the processes by which early biological correlates of self-regulation are forged, a more nuanced consideration of the contexts in which these phenomena are embedded is needed. This review synthesizes insights from distinct but complementary approaches to studying the developmental psychobiology of early self-regulation, focusing on the idea of context at different time scales. Three types of context that differ in temporal resolution are considered: (a) The temporally immediate contexts occurring within a structured challenge, including the baseline-to-task context of reactive psychobiology, the within-task context of dynamic change, and the post-task context of recovery from challenge. (b) The temporally moderate contexts of task type, including variants like the specific emotion that is under study and whether the task involves (or allows for) self-regulatory behaviors. (c) The temporally chronic contexts of important social relationships within which children are embedded and developing. Future research efforts that incorporate a more nuanced appreciation for the temporal resolution of contexts in developmental psychobiology will allow for novel tests and refinement of theories of self-regulation, as well as other domains of child development.
    MeSH term(s) Autonomic Nervous System/physiology ; Child ; Child Development/physiology ; Emotional Regulation/physiology ; Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Humans ; Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia/physiology ; Self-Control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 4107-5
    ISSN 1098-2302 ; 0012-1630
    ISSN (online) 1098-2302
    ISSN 0012-1630
    DOI 10.1002/dev.21945
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  9. Article ; Online: Prenatal maternal depression predicts neural maturation and negative emotion in infants.

    Kling, Jennifer L / Mistry-Patel, Sejal / Peoples, Sarah G / Caldera, Daniel R / Brooker, Rebecca J

    Infant behavior & development

    2022  Volume 70, Page(s) 101802

    Abstract: Despite widespread acceptance that prenatal symptoms of depression in mothers are detrimental to infants' long-term emotional and cognitive development, little is known about the mechanisms that may integrate outcomes across these domains. Rooted in the ... ...

    Abstract Despite widespread acceptance that prenatal symptoms of depression in mothers are detrimental to infants' long-term emotional and cognitive development, little is known about the mechanisms that may integrate outcomes across these domains. Rooted in the integrative perspective that emotional development is grounded in developing cognitive processes, we hypothesized that prenatal symptoms of depression in mothers would be associated with delays in neural maturation that support sociocognitive function in infants, leading to more problematic behaviors. We used a prospective longitudinal study of mothers (N = 92) and their infants to test whether self-reported symptoms of depression in mothers during the second and third trimesters were associated with neural development and infant outcomes at 4 months of age. While controlling for postpartum symptoms of depression, more prenatal symptoms of depression in mothers predicted less neural maturation in the parietal region of 4-month-old infants. Less neural maturation, in turn, was associated with greater infant negativity, suggesting neural maturation as a putative mechanism linking maternal symptoms of depression with infant outcomes. Differences in neural regions and developmental timing are also discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Pregnancy ; Infant ; Humans ; Depression/psychology ; Prospective Studies ; Longitudinal Studies ; Emotions ; Mothers/psychology ; Depression, Postpartum/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 224510-3
    ISSN 1934-8800 ; 1879-0453 ; 0163-6383
    ISSN (online) 1934-8800 ; 1879-0453
    ISSN 0163-6383
    DOI 10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101802
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  10. Article ; Online: Chronic, increasing, and decreasing peer victimization trajectories and the development of externalizing and internalizing problems in middle childhood.

    Ettekal, Idean / Li, Haoran / Chaudhary, Anjali / Luo, Wen / Brooker, Rebecca J

    Development and psychopathology

    2022  Volume 35, Issue 4, Page(s) 1756–1774

    Abstract: Children's peer victimization trajectories and their longitudinal associations with externalizing and internalizing problems were investigated from Grades 2 to 5. Secondary data analysis was performed with the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K- ... ...

    Abstract Children's peer victimization trajectories and their longitudinal associations with externalizing and internalizing problems were investigated from Grades 2 to 5. Secondary data analysis was performed with the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K-2011;
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Child ; Male ; Child, Preschool ; Longitudinal Studies ; Crime Victims ; Bullying ; Peer Group ; Child Behavior Disorders
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1036173-x
    ISSN 1469-2198 ; 0954-5794
    ISSN (online) 1469-2198
    ISSN 0954-5794
    DOI 10.1017/S0954579422000426
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