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  1. Article ; Online: Evaluating the Classification Accuracy of Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Calculated Polygenic Risk Scores in Alzheimer's Disease.

    Brookes, Keeley J

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 16

    Abstract: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) hold promise for the early identification of those at risk from neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), allowing for intervention to occur prior to neuronal damage. The current selection of informative ... ...

    Abstract Polygenic risk scores (PRS) hold promise for the early identification of those at risk from neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), allowing for intervention to occur prior to neuronal damage. The current selection of informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to generate the risk scores is based on the modelling of large genome-wide association data using significance thresholds. However, the biological relevance of these SNPs is largely unknown. This study, in contrast, aims to identify SNPs with biological relevance to AD and then assess them for their ability to accurately classify cases and controls. Samples selected from the Brains for Dementia Research (BDR) were used to produce gene expression data to identify potential expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) relevant to AD. These SNPs were then incorporated into a PRS model to classify AD and controls in the full BDR cohort. Models derived from these eQTLs demonstrate modest classification potential with an accuracy between 61% and 67%. Although the model accuracy is not as high as some values in the literature based on significance thresholds from genome-wide association studies, these models may reflect a more biologically relevant model, which may provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Risk Factors ; Brain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms241612799
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Its Future with Data Science.

    Goddard, Thomas R / Brookes, Keeley J / Sharma, Riddhi / Moemeni, Armaghan / Rajkumar, Anto P

    Cells

    2024  Volume 13, Issue 3

    Abstract: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a significant public health issue. It is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia and presents with severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses have provided some insight into disease ... ...

    Abstract Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a significant public health issue. It is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia and presents with severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses have provided some insight into disease pathology. Variants within
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Lewy Body Disease/genetics ; Data Science ; Genomics ; Gene Expression Profiling
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2661518-6
    ISSN 2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
    ISSN (online) 2073-4409
    ISSN 2073-4409
    DOI 10.3390/cells13030223
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Gene Association Study of the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator and Its Receptor Gene in Alzheimer's Disease.

    Cetinsoy, Ozde / Anyanwu, Ijeoma / Krishnanand, Harikrishnan / Natarajan, Gokulakrishnan / Ramachandran, Naveen / Thomas, Alan / Brookes, Keeley J

    Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD

    2024  Volume 99, Issue 1, Page(s) 241–250

    Abstract: Background: The role of the innate immune system has long been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is now accumulating evidence that the soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor pathway, and its genes, PLAU and PLAUR may be important ...

    Abstract Background: The role of the innate immune system has long been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is now accumulating evidence that the soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor pathway, and its genes, PLAU and PLAUR may be important in AD, and yet there have been few genetic association studies to explore this.
    Objective: This study utilizes the DNA bank of the Brains for Dementia Research cohort to investigate the genetic association of common polymorphisms across the PLAU and PLAUR genes with AD.
    Methods: TaqMan genotyping assays were used with standard procedures followed by association analysis in PLINK.
    Results: No association was observed between the PLAU gene and AD; however, two SNPs located in the PLAUR gene were indicative of a trend towards association but did not surpass multiple testing significance thresholds.
    Conclusions: Further genotyping studies and exploration of the consequences of these SNPs on gene expression and alternative splicing are warranted to fully uncover the role this system may have in AD.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator/genetics ; Female ; Male ; Aged ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genetic Association Studies ; Aged, 80 and over ; Genotype ; Cohort Studies
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator (EC 3.4.21.73) ; PLAUR protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-26
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1440127-7
    ISSN 1875-8908 ; 1387-2877
    ISSN (online) 1875-8908
    ISSN 1387-2877
    DOI 10.3233/JAD-231383
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Dementias Platform UK: Bringing genetics into life.

    Leonenko, Ganna / Bauermeister, Sarah / Ghanti, Dipanwita / Stevenson-Hoare, Joshua / Simmonds, Emily / Brookes, Keeley / Morgan, Kevin / Chaturvedi, Nishi / Elliott, Paul / Thomas, Alan / Wareham, Nicholas / Gallacher, John / Escott-Price, Valentina

    Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association

    2024  

    Abstract: Introduction: The Dementias Platform UK (DPUK) Data Portal is a data repository bringing together a wide range of cohorts. Neurodegenerative dementias are a group of diseases with highly heterogeneous pathology and an overlapping genetic component that ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The Dementias Platform UK (DPUK) Data Portal is a data repository bringing together a wide range of cohorts. Neurodegenerative dementias are a group of diseases with highly heterogeneous pathology and an overlapping genetic component that is poorly understood. The DPUK collection of independent cohorts can facilitate research in neurodegeneration by combining their genetic and phenotypic data.
    Methods: For genetic data processing, pipelines were generated to perform quality control analysis, genetic imputation, and polygenic risk score (PRS) derivation with six genome-wide association studies of neurodegenerative diseases. Pipelines were applied to five cohorts.
    Discussion: The data processing pipelines, research-ready imputed genetic data, and PRS scores are now available on the DPUK platform and can be accessed upon request though the DPUK application process. Harmonizing genome-wide data for multiple datasets increases scientific opportunity and allows the wider research community to access and process data at scale and pace.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2211627-8
    ISSN 1552-5279 ; 1552-5260
    ISSN (online) 1552-5279
    ISSN 1552-5260
    DOI 10.1002/alz.13782
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Genome-wide association findings from the brains for dementia research cohort.

    Young, Joshua / Gallagher, Emily / Koska, Klaudia / Guetta-Baranes, Tamar / Morgan, Kevin / Thomas, Alan / Brookes, Keeley J

    Neurobiology of aging

    2021  Volume 107, Page(s) 159–167

    Abstract: The Brains for Dementia Research (BDR) cohort (~3200) is a longitudinal clinicopathological programme, complimented with genetic analysis for the purposes of aetiological investigation into dementia. Here the data from genetic association analyses are ... ...

    Abstract The Brains for Dementia Research (BDR) cohort (~3200) is a longitudinal clinicopathological programme, complimented with genetic analysis for the purposes of aetiological investigation into dementia. Here the data from genetic association analyses are presented from the initial collection of DNA from the BDR cohort. The aim of this study was to investigate the preliminary association signals for pathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease samples compared to controls with no other pathology (n = 520). Genome-wide genotyping was carried out using the NeuroChip platform. Analysis utilised the standard PLINK software for association studies. Genome-wide Bonferroni significant association were observed on chr19 around the APOE/TOMM40 locus across 2 distinct linkage disequilibrium blocks. Eleven of the top 35 association signals have been identified in previous studies, in addition to an intriguing SNP association within the FPR1 gene locus. This study suggests the BDR is genetically comparable to other Alzheimer's disease cohorts and offers an independent resource to verify findings, and additional genetic data for meta-analyses.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Brain/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; Dementia/genetics ; Female ; Genome-Wide Association Study/methods ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium/genetics ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Receptors, Formyl Peptide/genetics
    Chemical Substances Apolipoproteins E ; FPR1 protein, human ; Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins ; Receptors, Formyl Peptide ; TOMM40 protein, human ; DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604505-4
    ISSN 1558-1497 ; 0197-4580
    ISSN (online) 1558-1497
    ISSN 0197-4580
    DOI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.05.014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Conference proceedings ; Book ; Online: Testing the entire population for Covid-19

    Hanley, Quentin / Theaker, Jane / Robinson, Phil / Curtis, Jon / Brookes, Keeley

    2020  

    Abstract: A outline document to test the UK population for COVID- ... ...

    Abstract A outline document to test the UK population for COVID-19
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-27
    Publishing country eu
    Document type Conference proceedings ; Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Age-related changes in tau and autophagy in human brain in the absence of neurodegeneration.

    Chatterjee, Shreyasi / Sealey, Megan / Ruiz, Eva / Pegasiou, Chrysia M / Brookes, Keeley / Green, Sam / Crisford, Anna / Duque-Vasquez, Michael / Luckett, Emma / Robertson, Rebecca / Richardson, Philippa / Vajramani, Girish / Grundy, Paul / Bulters, Diederik / Proud, Christopher / Vargas-Caballero, Mariana / Mudher, Amritpal

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) e0262792

    Abstract: Tau becomes abnormally hyper-phosphorylated and aggregated in tauopathies like Alzheimers disease (AD). As age is the greatest risk factor for developing AD, it is important to understand how tau protein itself, and the pathways implicated in its ... ...

    Abstract Tau becomes abnormally hyper-phosphorylated and aggregated in tauopathies like Alzheimers disease (AD). As age is the greatest risk factor for developing AD, it is important to understand how tau protein itself, and the pathways implicated in its turnover, change during aging. We investigated age-related changes in total and phosphorylated tau in brain samples from two cohorts of cognitively normal individuals spanning 19-74 years, without overt neurodegeneration. One cohort utilised resected tissue and the other used post-mortem tissue. Total soluble tau levels declined with age in both cohorts. Phosphorylated tau was undetectable in the post-mortem tissue but was clearly evident in the resected tissue and did not undergo significant age-related change. To ascertain if the decline in soluble tau was correlated with age-related changes in autophagy, three markers of autophagy were tested but only two appeared to increase with age and the third was unchanged. This implies that in individuals who do not develop neurodegeneration, there is an age-related reduction in soluble tau which could potentially be due to age-related changes in autophagy. Thus, to explore how an age-related increase in autophagy might influence tau-mediated dysfunctions in vivo, autophagy was enhanced in a Drosophila model and all age-related tau phenotypes were significantly ameliorated. These data shed light on age-related physiological changes in proteins implicated in AD and highlights the need to study pathways that may be responsible for these changes. It also demonstrates the therapeutic potential of interventions that upregulate turnover of aggregate-prone proteins during aging.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; tau Proteins/metabolism ; Tauopathies/metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Drosophila/metabolism ; Autophagy/genetics ; Phosphorylation
    Chemical Substances tau Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0262792
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  8. Article ; Online: Complement receptor 1 gene (CR1) intragenic duplication and risk of Alzheimer's disease.

    Kucukkilic, Ezgi / Brookes, Keeley / Barber, Imelda / Guetta-Baranes, Tamar / Morgan, Kevin / Hollox, Edward J

    Human genetics

    2018  Volume 137, Issue 4, Page(s) 305–314

    Abstract: Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) within and surrounding the complement receptor 1 (CR1) gene show some of the strongest genome-wide association signals with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Some studies have suggested that this association signal is due ... ...

    Abstract Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) within and surrounding the complement receptor 1 (CR1) gene show some of the strongest genome-wide association signals with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Some studies have suggested that this association signal is due to a duplication allele (CR1-B) of a low copy repeat (LCR) within the CR1 gene, which increases the number of complement C3b/C4b-binding sites in the mature receptor. In this study, we develop a triplex paralogue ratio test assay for CR1 LCR copy number allowing large numbers of samples to be typed with a limited amount of DNA. We also develop a CR1-B allele-specific PCR based on the junction generated by an historical non-allelic homologous recombination event between CR1 LCRs. We use these methods to genotype CR1 and measure CR1-B allele frequency in both late-onset and early-onset cases and unaffected controls from the United Kingdom. Our data support an association of late-onset Alzheimer's disease with the CR1-B allele, and confirm that this allele occurs most frequently on the risk haplotype defined by SNV alleles. Furthermore, regression models incorporating CR1-B genotype provide a better fit to our data compared to incorporating the SNV-defined risk haplotype, supporting the CR1-B allele as the variant underlying the increased risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alleles ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology ; Binding Sites ; Complement C3b/genetics ; Complement C4b-Binding Protein/genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; Female ; Gene Duplication/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Receptors, Complement 3b/genetics ; Risk Factors ; United Kingdom
    Chemical Substances CR1 protein, human ; Complement C4b-Binding Protein ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; Complement C3b (80295-43-8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-19
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 223009-4
    ISSN 1432-1203 ; 0340-6717
    ISSN (online) 1432-1203
    ISSN 0340-6717
    DOI 10.1007/s00439-018-1883-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: DNA methylation signatures of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology in the cortex are primarily driven by variation in non-neuronal cell-types.

    Shireby, Gemma / Dempster, Emma L / Policicchio, Stefania / Smith, Rebecca G / Pishva, Ehsan / Chioza, Barry / Davies, Jonathan P / Burrage, Joe / Lunnon, Katie / Seiler Vellame, Dorothea / Love, Seth / Thomas, Alan / Brookes, Keeley / Morgan, Kevin / Francis, Paul / Hannon, Eilis / Mill, Jonathan

    Nature communications

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 5620

    Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive accumulation of amyloid-beta and neurofibrillary tangles of tau in the neocortex. We profiled DNA methylation in two regions of the cortex from 631 donors, ... ...

    Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive accumulation of amyloid-beta and neurofibrillary tangles of tau in the neocortex. We profiled DNA methylation in two regions of the cortex from 631 donors, performing an epigenome-wide association study of multiple measures of AD neuropathology. We meta-analyzed our results with those from previous studies of DNA methylation in AD cortex (total n = 2013 donors), identifying 334 cortical differentially methylated positions (DMPs) associated with AD pathology including methylomic variation at loci not previously implicated in dementia. We subsequently profiled DNA methylation in NeuN+ (neuronal-enriched), SOX10+ (oligodendrocyte-enriched) and NeuN-/SOX10- (microglia- and astrocyte-enriched) nuclei, finding that the majority of DMPs identified in 'bulk' cortex tissue reflect DNA methylation differences occurring in non-neuronal cells. Our study highlights the power of utilizing multiple measures of neuropathology to identify epigenetic signatures of AD and the importance of characterizing disease-associated variation in purified cell-types.
    MeSH term(s) Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; DNA Methylation/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/genetics ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/genetics ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-022-33394-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Observations of extensive gene expression differences in the cerebellum and potential relevance to Alzheimer's disease.

    Chappell, Sally / Patel, Tulsi / Guetta-Baranes, Tamar / Sang, Fei / Francis, Paul T / Morgan, Kevin / Brookes, Keeley J

    BMC research notes

    2018  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 646

    Abstract: Objectives: In order to determine how gene expression is altered in disease it is of fundamental importance that the global distribution of gene expression levels across the disease-free brain are understood and how differences between tissue types ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: In order to determine how gene expression is altered in disease it is of fundamental importance that the global distribution of gene expression levels across the disease-free brain are understood and how differences between tissue types might inform tissue choice for investigation of altered expression in disease state. The aim of this pilot project was to use RNA-sequencing to investigate gene expression differences between five general areas of post-mortem human brain (frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal and cerebellum), and in particular changes in gene expression in the cerebellum compared to cortex regions for genes relevant to Alzheimer's disease, as the cerebellum is largely preserved from disease pathology and could be an area of interest for neuroprotective pathways.
    Results: General gene expression profiles were found to be similar between cortical regions of the brain, however the cerebellum presented a distinct expression profile. Focused exploration of gene expression for genes associated with Alzheimer's disease suggest that those involved in the immunity pathway show little expression in the brain. Furthermore some Alzheimer's disease associated genes display significantly different expression in the cerebellum compared with other brain regions, which might indicate potential neuroprotective measures.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Brain ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Transcriptome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2413336-X
    ISSN 1756-0500 ; 1756-0500
    ISSN (online) 1756-0500
    ISSN 1756-0500
    DOI 10.1186/s13104-018-3732-8
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