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Article ; Online: Colonisation after disturbance on artificial structures: The influence of timing and grazing.

Farrugia Drakard, Veronica / Brooks, Paul R / Crowe, Tasman P

2023 Volume 187, Page(s) 105956

Abstract: Artificial structures are poor surrogates of natural rocky shores, meaning they generally support depauperate assemblages. These differences may result from a combination of recruitment processes, biotic interactions, and structuring by environmental ... ...

Abstract	Artificial structures are poor surrogates of natural rocky shores, meaning they generally support depauperate assemblages. These differences may result from a combination of recruitment processes, biotic interactions, and structuring by environmental factors. In this study, plots were cleared on two seawalls and two natural shores at two separate timepoints - in August 2020 (summer) and February 2021 (winter) - and monitored over one year to determine the influence of timing of disturbance on recruitment and succession. Additional plots were cleared at one of the seawalls at a single timepoint in August 2020, and exclusion cages were installed to determine the influence of grazing pressure on colonisation; these were monitored for 18 months. Disturbance during winter resulted in higher concentrations of all biofilm components up to 3 months, but did not impact benthic community composition beyond this point. Grazer exclusion on artificial structures increased biofilm concentrations and influenced community composition in comparison to plots on artificial structures without exclusion, while communities on natural surfaces differed in terms of species composition to those on artificial plots at 12 months. We conclude that the timing of routine maintenance works on artificial structures may impact initial biofilm abundances. Furthermore, while grazing pressure does influence community structure on artificial structures, this alone is not sufficient to explain biological differences between artificial structures and natural shores.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1502505-6
ISSN	1879-0291 ; 0141-1136
ISSN (online)	1879-0291
ISSN	0141-1136
DOI	10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105956
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Article ; Online: Incidence, Healthcare Resource Use and Costs Associated With Incisional Hernia Repair.

Smith, Laurie / Wilkes, Emily / Rolfe, Chris / Westlake, Petra / Cornish, Julie / Brooks, Paul / Torkington, Jared

Journal of abdominal wall surgery : JAWS

2024 Volume 3, Page(s) 12452

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2813-2092
ISSN (online)	2813-2092
DOI	10.3389/jaws.2024.12452
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Article ; Online: Mapping of the zebrafish brain takes shape.

Brooks, Paul / Champion, Andrew / Costa, Marta

Nature methods

2022 Volume 19, Issue 11, Page(s) 1345–1346

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Zebrafish/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain Mapping ; Head ; Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Zebrafish Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2169522-2
ISSN	1548-7105 ; 1548-7091
ISSN (online)	1548-7105
ISSN	1548-7091
DOI	10.1038/s41592-022-01637-6
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Article: Fetal manifestations of maternal anti-Ro and La antibodies - more than complete heart block.

Brooks, Paul

Australasian journal of ultrasound in medicine

2015 Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) 124–128

Abstract: Complete heart block (CHB) is a potentially fatal condition occurring in approximately 1:10000 fetuses. Whilst it is well recognised that maternal anti-Ro and La antibodies are associated with fetal CHB, there are multiple other manifestations of fetal ... ...

Abstract	Complete heart block (CHB) is a potentially fatal condition occurring in approximately 1:10000 fetuses. Whilst it is well recognised that maternal anti-Ro and La antibodies are associated with fetal CHB, there are multiple other manifestations of fetal exposure to these autoantibodies which are not widely appreciated and rarely diagnosed. The importance of identifying affected fetuses lies in the significantly increased risk of recurrence in future pregnancies, and the potential for treatments which may modify this risk. This paper presents several cases to highlight the varying fetal presentations of maternal anti-Ro and La antibodies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-12-31
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2843953-3
ISSN	2205-0140 ; 1836-6864
ISSN (online)	2205-0140
ISSN	1836-6864
DOI	10.1002/j.2205-0140.2015.tb00212.x
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Article ; Online: Quantifying climate change impacts on low flows of small high mountain watersheds: A nonstationary approach

Hasan, Mohammad M. / Strong, Courtenay / Brooks, Paul D. / Burian, Steven J. / Barber, Michael E.

Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies. 2023 Aug., v. 48 p.101463-

2023

Abstract: The Utah Wasatch Mountains along the eastern Great Basin and the western Rocky Mountains. Changes in seasonal precipitation patterns and summer evaporation rates due to increases in temperatures will have severe impacts on low flows of the mountainous ... ...

Abstract	The Utah Wasatch Mountains along the eastern Great Basin and the western Rocky Mountains. Changes in seasonal precipitation patterns and summer evaporation rates due to increases in temperatures will have severe impacts on low flows of the mountainous watersheds affecting downstream water availability and thus impacting ecosystems and drinking water supplies under future climate change. Reliable prediction of climate change impacts on future low flows needs to consider both the extremity of climatic variables and the physical characteristics of the watersheds. This study analyzes low flows of small mountainous watersheds addressing nonstationarity of climatic parameters and estimates the impact of climate change on low flow, combining nonstationarity and outcome of a physically distributed hydrologic model. MACA statistically downscaled climate data have been used as inputs to the DHSVM model to estimate future low flows for both near term (2036–2044) and distant future (2091–2099) under RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. New Hydrological Insights for the Region: Nonstationary models with time (5 watersheds) or temperature (2 watersheds) as the covariate in the location-scale provided the best performance. This study demonstrated that RCP4.5 has more severe impact on the low flow frequency and volume in the near future than RCP8.5. In contrast, the effect of RCP8.5 is more dominant on the low flow regimes in the distant future than RCP4.5.
Keywords	Lepidium meyenii ; basins ; climate change ; evaporation ; hydrologic models ; meteorological data ; mountains ; prediction ; summer ; temperature ; Utah ; Water supply ; DHSVM ; Semi-arid zones ; Deficit volume ; Low flow frequency
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-08
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2814784-4
ISSN	2214-5818
ISSN	2214-5818
DOI	10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101463
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Article ; Online: Using valve gape analysis to compare sensitivity of native Mytilus edulis to invasive Magallana gigas when exposed to heavy metal contamination

Kelleghan, David B. / O'Callaghan, Luke / Huggard, Freddie / Crowe, Tasman P. / Brooks, Paul R.

Marine Environmental Research. 2023 July, v. 189 p.106043-

2023

Abstract: Coastal ecosystems are ecologically and economically important but are under increasing pressure from numerous anthropogenic sources of stress. Both heavy metal pollution and invasive species pose major environmental concerns that can have significant ... ...

Abstract	Coastal ecosystems are ecologically and economically important but are under increasing pressure from numerous anthropogenic sources of stress. Both heavy metal pollution and invasive species pose major environmental concerns that can have significant impacts on marine organisms. It is likely that many stresses will occur simultaneously, resulting in potential cumulative ecological effects. The aim of this study was to compare the relative resilience of an invasive oyster Magallana gigas and a native mussel Mytilus edulis to heavy metal pollution, utilising their valve gape response as an indicator. The gape activity of bivalves has been utilised to monitor a range of potential impacts, including for example oil spills, increased turbidity, eutrophication, heavy metal contamination etc. In this study, Hall effect sensors were used on both the native blue mussel (M. edulis) and the pacific oyster (M. gigas), invasive to Ireland. Mussels were shown to be more responsive to pollution events than oysters, where all heavy metals tested (copper, cadmium, zinc, lead) had an effect on transition frequency though significant differences were only observed for lead and cadmium (Control; > Copper, p = 0.0003; >lead, p = 0.0002; >Cadmium, p = 0.0001). Cadmium had an apparent effect on mussels with specimens from this treatment remaining closed for an average of 45.3% of the time. Similarly, significant effects on the duration of time mussels spent fully open was observed when treated with lead and cadmium (Control; > lead, p = 0.03, > cadmium, p = 0.02). In contrast, oysters displayed no significant difference for any treatment for number of gapes, or duration spent open or closed. Though there was an effect of both zinc and copper on the amount of time spent closed, with averages of 63.2 and 68.7% respectively. This indicates oysters may be potentially more resilient to such pollution events; further boosting their competitive advantage. Future mesocosm or field studies are required to quantify this relative resilience.
Keywords	Crassostrea gigas ; Mytilus edulis ; cadmium ; copper ; eutrophication ; heavy metals ; invasive species ; lead ; mussels ; oils ; oysters ; pollution ; research ; turbidity ; zinc ; Ireland ; Biomonitoring ; Bivalves ; Gape behaviour ; Hall effect sensor
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-07
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1502505-6
ISSN	1879-0291 ; 0141-1136
ISSN (online)	1879-0291
ISSN	0141-1136
DOI	10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106043
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Article ; Online: Colonisation after disturbance on artificial structures: The influence of timing and grazing

Farrugia Drakard, Veronica / Brooks, Paul R. / Crowe, Tasman P.

Marine Environmental Research. 2023 May, v. 187 p.105956-

2023

Abstract	Artificial structures are poor surrogates of natural rocky shores, meaning they generally support depauperate assemblages. These differences may result from a combination of recruitment processes, biotic interactions, and structuring by environmental factors. In this study, plots were cleared on two seawalls and two natural shores at two separate timepoints - in August 2020 (summer) and February 2021 (winter) - and monitored over one year to determine the influence of timing of disturbance on recruitment and succession. Additional plots were cleared at one of the seawalls at a single timepoint in August 2020, and exclusion cages were installed to determine the influence of grazing pressure on colonisation; these were monitored for 18 months. Disturbance during winter resulted in higher concentrations of all biofilm components up to 3 months, but did not impact benthic community composition beyond this point. Grazer exclusion on artificial structures increased biofilm concentrations and influenced community composition in comparison to plots on artificial structures without exclusion, while communities on natural surfaces differed in terms of species composition to those on artificial plots at 12 months. We conclude that the timing of routine maintenance works on artificial structures may impact initial biofilm abundances. Furthermore, while grazing pressure does influence community structure on artificial structures, this alone is not sufficient to explain biological differences between artificial structures and natural shores.
Keywords	benthic organisms ; biofilm ; community structure ; research ; species diversity ; summer ; winter ; Artificial structure ; Disturbance ; Grazing impact ; Seaweeds
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	1502505-6
ISSN	1879-0291 ; 0141-1136
ISSN (online)	1879-0291
ISSN	0141-1136
DOI	10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105956
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Article ; Online: Multi‐Year Controls on Groundwater Storage in Seasonally Snow‐Covered Headwater Catchments

Wolf, Margaret A. / Jamison, Logan R. / Solomon, D. Kip / Strong, Courtenay / Brooks, Paul D.

Water Resources Research. 2023 June, v. 59, no. 6 p.e2022WR033394-

2023

Abstract: Seasonally snow‐covered catchments in the western United States supply water to growing populations as both annual snowmelt‐driven streamflow and multi‐year groundwater recharge. Although interannual variability in streamflow is driven largely by ... ...

Abstract	Seasonally snow‐covered catchments in the western United States supply water to growing populations as both annual snowmelt‐driven streamflow and multi‐year groundwater recharge. Although interannual variability in streamflow is driven largely by precipitation, runoff efficiency (the ratio of streamflow to precipitation) in individual catchments varies by 50% or more. Recent work suggests that interannual variability in groundwater storage, inferred from winter baseflow, is a primary control on runoff efficiency, highlighting a need to quantify both the time scales on which groundwater storage varies and the hydro‐climatic drivers of storage. Using over a century of daily stream discharge data from 10 seasonally snow‐covered catchments in northern Utah, we find that temporal variability in winter baseflow, an index of groundwater storage, measured from mean daily January discharge, exhibits a 2–5‐ and 12–15‐year periodicity, driven by regional precipitation patterns and snowmelt dynamics. Specifically, multiple linear regression (MLR) modeling using antecedent hydro‐climatic variables demonstrates that winter baseflow (groundwater storage) was positively related to 3–4 years of antecedent annual precipitation, negatively related to the previous year's mean annual temperature, and positively related to 1–4 antecedent years of snowmelt rate and duration. Because antecedent baseflow (groundwater storage) is strongly related to runoff efficiency, these results suggest that more frequent and longer droughts in a future climate will reduce surface water supplies faster than otherwise expected. More broadly, these results highlight the importance of including the influence of antecedent climate on groundwater storage when modeling and managing water supplies from seasonally snow‐covered catchments.
Keywords	atmospheric precipitation ; base flow ; climate ; groundwater ; groundwater recharge ; periodicity ; regression analysis ; research ; runoff ; snowmelt ; streams ; surface water ; temperature ; temporal variation ; watersheds ; Utah
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-06
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	5564-5
ISSN	1944-7973 ; 0043-1397
ISSN (online)	1944-7973
ISSN	0043-1397
DOI	10.1029/2022WR033394
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Article ; Online: γ-TuRCs and the augmin complex are required for the development of highly branched dendritic arbors in Drosophila.

Mukherjee, Amrita / Andrés Jeske, Yaiza / Becam, Isabelle / Taïeb, Anaelle / Brooks, Paul / Aouad, Joanna / Monguillon, Clementine / Conduit, Paul T

Journal of cell science

2024 Volume 137, Issue 9

Abstract: Microtubules are nucleated by γ-tubulin ring complexes (γ-TuRCs) and are essential for neuronal development. Nevertheless, γ-TuRC depletion has been reported to perturb only higher-order branching in elaborated Drosophila larval class IV dendritic ... ...

Abstract	Microtubules are nucleated by γ-tubulin ring complexes (γ-TuRCs) and are essential for neuronal development. Nevertheless, γ-TuRC depletion has been reported to perturb only higher-order branching in elaborated Drosophila larval class IV dendritic arborization (da) neurons. This relatively mild phenotype has been attributed to defects in microtubule nucleation from Golgi outposts, yet most Golgi outposts lack associated γ-TuRCs. By analyzing dendritic arbor regrowth in pupae, we show that γ-TuRCs are also required for the growth and branching of primary and secondary dendrites, as well as for higher-order branching. Moreover, we identify the augmin complex (hereafter augmin), which recruits γ-TuRCs to the sides of pre-existing microtubules, as being required predominantly for higher-order branching. Augmin strongly promotes the anterograde growth of microtubules in terminal dendrites and thus terminal dendrite stability. Consistent with a specific role in higher-order branching, we find that augmin is expressed less strongly and is largely dispensable in larval class I da neurons, which exhibit few higher-order dendrites. Thus, γ-TuRCs are essential for various aspects of complex dendritic arbor development, and they appear to function in higher-order branching via the augmin pathway, which promotes the elaboration of dendritic arbors to help define neuronal morphology.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics ; Dendrites/metabolism ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/growth & development ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Tubulin/metabolism ; Larva/metabolism ; Larva/growth & development ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics ; Drosophila/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Drosophila Proteins ; Tubulin ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2993-2
ISSN	1477-9137 ; 0021-9533
ISSN (online)	1477-9137
ISSN	0021-9533
DOI	10.1242/jcs.261534
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Article ; Online: Using valve gape analysis to compare sensitivity of native Mytilus edulis to invasive Magallana gigas when exposed to heavy metal contamination.

Kelleghan, David B / O'Callaghan, Luke / Huggard, Freddie / Crowe, Tasman P / Brooks, Paul R

Marine environmental research

2023 Volume 189, Page(s) 106043

Abstract	Coastal ecosystems are ecologically and economically important but are under increasing pressure from numerous anthropogenic sources of stress. Both heavy metal pollution and invasive species pose major environmental concerns that can have significant impacts on marine organisms. It is likely that many stresses will occur simultaneously, resulting in potential cumulative ecological effects. The aim of this study was to compare the relative resilience of an invasive oyster Magallana gigas and a native mussel Mytilus edulis to heavy metal pollution, utilising their valve gape response as an indicator. The gape activity of bivalves has been utilised to monitor a range of potential impacts, including for example oil spills, increased turbidity, eutrophication, heavy metal contamination etc. In this study, Hall effect sensors were used on both the native blue mussel (M. edulis) and the pacific oyster (M. gigas), invasive to Ireland. Mussels were shown to be more responsive to pollution events than oysters, where all heavy metals tested (copper, cadmium, zinc, lead) had an effect on transition frequency though significant differences were only observed for lead and cadmium (Control; > Copper, p = 0.0003; >lead, p = 0.0002; >Cadmium, p = 0.0001). Cadmium had an apparent effect on mussels with specimens from this treatment remaining closed for an average of 45.3% of the time. Similarly, significant effects on the duration of time mussels spent fully open was observed when treated with lead and cadmium (Control; > lead, p = 0.03, > cadmium, p = 0.02). In contrast, oysters displayed no significant difference for any treatment for number of gapes, or duration spent open or closed. Though there was an effect of both zinc and copper on the amount of time spent closed, with averages of 63.2 and 68.7% respectively. This indicates oysters may be potentially more resilient to such pollution events; further boosting their competitive advantage. Future mesocosm or field studies are required to quantify this relative resilience.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cadmium/pharmacology ; Mytilus edulis/physiology ; Copper ; Ecosystem ; Metals, Heavy/toxicity ; Metals, Heavy/analysis ; Ostreidae ; Zinc ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring
Chemical Substances	Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; Copper (789U1901C5) ; Metals, Heavy ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS) ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1502505-6
ISSN	1879-0291 ; 0141-1136
ISSN (online)	1879-0291
ISSN	0141-1136
DOI	10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106043
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