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  1. Article: Anti-Immune Complex Antibodies are Elicited During Repeated Immunization with HIV Env Immunogens.

    Brown, Sharidan / Antanasijevic, Aleksandar / Sewall, Leigh M / Garcia, Daniel Montiel / Brouwer, Philip J M / Sanders, Rogier W / Ward, Andrew B

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Vaccination strategies against HIV-1 aim to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) using prime-boost regimens with HIV envelope (Env) immunogens. Early antibody responses to easily accessible epitopes on these antigens are directed to non- ... ...

    Abstract Vaccination strategies against HIV-1 aim to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) using prime-boost regimens with HIV envelope (Env) immunogens. Early antibody responses to easily accessible epitopes on these antigens are directed to non-neutralizing epitopes instead of bnAb epitopes. Autologous neutralizing antibody responses appear upon boosting once immunodominant epitopes are saturated. Here we report another type of antibody response that arises after repeated immunizations with HIV Env immunogens and present the structures of six anti-immune complexes discovered using polyclonal epitope mapping. The anti-immune complex antibodies target idiotopes composed of framework regions of antibodies bound to Env. This work sheds light on current vaccine development efforts for HIV, as well as for other pathogens, in which repeated exposure to antigen is required.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.03.15.585257
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Presentation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers on diverse nanoparticle platforms.

    Brouwer, Philip J M / Sanders, Rogier W

    Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    2019  Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 302–308

    Abstract: Purpose of review: We will discuss recent advances in the development of nanoparticle vaccines presenting HIV-1 envelope trimer vaccines and the immunological mechanisms by which they act.: Recent findings: The multivalent presentation of Env trimers ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: We will discuss recent advances in the development of nanoparticle vaccines presenting HIV-1 envelope trimer vaccines and the immunological mechanisms by which they act.
    Recent findings: The multivalent presentation of Env trimers on nanoparticles is a promising strategy to increase Env immunogenicity. Recent studies have shed light on how Env nanoparticles increase lymph node trafficking and germinal center formation by using the lectin-mediated complement pathway and enhancing the interaction with naïve B cells. Meanwhile, research on different nanoparticle platforms has resulted in improved designs, such as liposomes with improved stability, and the emergence of novel platforms such as protein nanoparticles that self-assemble in vitro. Immmunogenicity studies with these nanoparticles delineate the advantages and expose the limitations of the different nanoparticle platforms.
    Summary: It is becoming increasingly clear that HIV-1 vaccine research might benefit greatly from using nanoparticles presenting Env trimers, particularly during the priming stage of immunization. Among the different nanoparticles that are being pursued, in vitro-assembling nanoparticles allow for greater control of Env quality making them a promising nanoparticle platform.
    MeSH term(s) AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage ; AIDS Vaccines/chemistry ; AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/genetics ; HIV-1/immunology ; Humans ; Nanoparticles/administration & dosage ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Vaccination ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/chemistry ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
    Chemical Substances AIDS Vaccines ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2502511-9
    ISSN 1746-6318 ; 1746-630X
    ISSN (online) 1746-6318
    ISSN 1746-630X
    DOI 10.1097/COH.0000000000000549
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Defining bottlenecks and opportunities for Lassa virus neutralization by structural profiling of vaccine-induced polyclonal antibody responses.

    Brouwer, Philip J M / Perrett, Hailee R / Beaumont, Tim / Nijhuis, Haye / Kruijer, Sabine / Burger, Judith A / Lee, Wen-Hsin / Müller-Kraüter, Helena / Sanders, Rogier W / Strecker, Thomas / van Gils, Marit J / Ward, Andrew B

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Lassa fever continues to be a major public health burden in endemic countries in West Africa, yet effective therapies or vaccines are lacking. The isolation of potent and protective neutralizing antibodies against the Lassa virus glycoprotein complex ( ... ...

    Abstract Lassa fever continues to be a major public health burden in endemic countries in West Africa, yet effective therapies or vaccines are lacking. The isolation of potent and protective neutralizing antibodies against the Lassa virus glycoprotein complex (GPC) justifies the development of vaccines that can elicit strong neutralizing antibody responses. However, Lassa vaccines candidates have generally been unsuccessful in doing so and the associated antibody responses to these vaccines remain poorly characterized. Here, we establish an electron-microscopy based epitope mapping pipeline that enables high-resolution structural characterization of polyclonal antibodies to GPC. By applying this method to rabbits vaccinated with a recombinant GPC vaccine and a GPC-derived virus-like particle, we reveal determinants of neutralization which involve epitopes of the GPC-C, GPC-A, and GP1-A competition clusters. Furthermore, by identifying previously undescribed immunogenic off-target epitopes, we expose challenges that recombinant GPC vaccines face. By enabling detailed polyclonal antibody characterization, our work ushers in a next generation of more rational Lassa vaccine design.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.12.21.572918
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: New Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Different Epitopes of the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Major Variants: Additional Tools for a More Specific COVID-19 Diagnosis.

    Mariotti, Sabrina / Chiantore, Maria Vincenza / Teloni, Raffaela / Iacobino, Angelo / Capocefalo, Antonio / Michelini, Zuleika / Borghi, Martina / Baggieri, Melissa / Marchi, Antonella / Bucci, Paola / Gioacchini, Silvia / D'Amelio, Raffaele / Brouwer, Philip J M / Sandini, Silvia / Acchioni, Chiara / Sgarbanti, Marco / Di Virgilio, Antonio / Grasso, Felicia / Cara, Andrea /
    Negri, Donatella / Magurano, Fabio / Di Bonito, Paola / Nisini, Roberto

    Biomedicines

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 2

    Abstract: The emergence of the new pathogen SARS-CoV-2 determined a rapid need for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to detect the virus in biological fluids as a rapid tool to identify infected individuals to be treated or quarantined. The majority of commercially ... ...

    Abstract The emergence of the new pathogen SARS-CoV-2 determined a rapid need for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to detect the virus in biological fluids as a rapid tool to identify infected individuals to be treated or quarantined. The majority of commercially available antigenic tests for SARS-CoV-2 rely on the detection of N antigen in biologic fluid using anti-N antibodies, and their capacity to specifically identify subjects infected by SARS-CoV-2 is questionable due to several structural analogies among the N proteins of different coronaviruses. In order to produce new specific antibodies, BALB/c mice were immunized three times at 20-day intervals with a recombinant spike (S) protein. The procedure used was highly efficient, and 40 different specific mAbs were isolated, purified and characterized, with 13 ultimately being selected for their specificity and lack of cross reactivity with other human coronaviruses. The specific epitopes recognized by the selected mAbs were identified through a peptide library and/or by recombinant fragments of the S protein. In particular, the selected mAbs recognized different linear epitopes along the S1, excluding the receptor binding domain, and along the S2 subunits of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and its major variants of concern. We identified combinations of anti-S mAbs suitable for use in ELISA or rapid diagnostic tests, with the highest sensitivity and specificity coming from proof-of-concept tests using recombinant antigens, SARS-CoV-2 or biological fluids from infected individuals, that represent important additional tools for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720867-9
    ISSN 2227-9059
    ISSN 2227-9059
    DOI 10.3390/biomedicines11020610
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Structural conservation of Lassa virus glycoproteins and recognition by neutralizing antibodies.

    Perrett, Hailee R / Brouwer, Philip J M / Hurtado, Jonathan / Newby, Maddy L / Liu, Lin / Müller-Kräuter, Helena / Müller Aguirre, Sarah / Burger, Judith A / Bouhuijs, Joey H / Gibson, Grace / Messmer, Terrence / Schieffelin, John S / Antanasijevic, Aleksandar / Boons, Geert-Jan / Strecker, Thomas / Crispin, Max / Sanders, Rogier W / Briney, Bryan / Ward, Andrew B

    Cell reports

    2023  Volume 42, Issue 5, Page(s) 112524

    Abstract: Lassa fever is an acute hemorrhagic fever caused by the zoonotic Lassa virus (LASV). The LASV glycoprotein complex (GPC) mediates viral entry and is the sole target for neutralizing antibodies. Immunogen design is complicated by the metastable nature of ... ...

    Abstract Lassa fever is an acute hemorrhagic fever caused by the zoonotic Lassa virus (LASV). The LASV glycoprotein complex (GPC) mediates viral entry and is the sole target for neutralizing antibodies. Immunogen design is complicated by the metastable nature of recombinant GPCs and the antigenic differences among phylogenetically distinct LASV lineages. Despite the sequence diversity of the GPC, structures of most lineages are lacking. We present the development and characterization of prefusion-stabilized, trimeric GPCs of LASV lineages II, V, and VII, revealing structural conservation despite sequence diversity. High-resolution structures and biophysical characterization of the GPC in complex with GP1-A-specific antibodies suggest their neutralization mechanisms. Finally, we present the isolation and characterization of a trimer-preferring neutralizing antibody belonging to the GPC-B competition group with an epitope that spans adjacent protomers and includes the fusion peptide. Our work provides molecular detail information on LASV antigenic diversity and will guide efforts to design pan-LASV vaccines.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Lassa virus ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Lassa Fever/prevention & control ; Glycoproteins ; Antigens, Viral
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Glycoproteins ; Antigens, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2649101-1
    ISSN 2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
    ISSN (online) 2211-1247
    ISSN 2211-1247
    DOI 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112524
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 infection activates dendritic cells via cytosolic receptors rather than extracellular TLRs.

    van der Donk, Lieve E H / Eder, Julia / van Hamme, John L / Brouwer, Philip J M / Brinkkemper, Mitch / van Nuenen, Ad C / van Gils, Marit J / Sanders, Rogier W / Kootstra, Neeltje A / Bermejo-Jambrina, Marta / Geijtenbeek, Teunis B H

    European journal of immunology

    2022  Volume 52, Issue 4, Page(s) 646–655

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease characterized by strong induction of inflammatory cytokines, progressive lung inflammation, and potentially multiorgan ... ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease characterized by strong induction of inflammatory cytokines, progressive lung inflammation, and potentially multiorgan dysfunction. It remains unclear how SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to immune activation. The Spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been suggested to trigger TLR4 and thereby activate immunity. Here, we have investigated the role of TLR4 in SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity. Neither exposure of isolated S protein, SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus nor primary SARS-CoV-2 isolate induced TLR4 activation in a TLR4-expressing cell line. Human monocyte-derived DCs express TLR4 but not angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and DCs were not infected by SARS-CoV-2. Notably, neither S protein nor SARS-CoV-2 induced DC maturation or cytokines, indicating that both S protein and SARS-CoV-2 virus particles do not trigger extracellular TLRs including TLR4. Ectopic expression of ACE2 in DCs led to efficient infection by SARS-CoV-2 and, strikingly, efficient type I IFN and cytokine responses. These data strongly suggest that not extracellular TLRs but intracellular viral sensors are key players in sensing SARS-CoV-2. These data imply that SARS-CoV-2 escapes direct sensing by TLRs, which might underlie the lack of efficient immunity to SARS-CoV-2 early during infection.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/immunology ; Cell Line ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/immunology
    Chemical Substances Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; TLR4 protein, human ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120108-6
    ISSN 1521-4141 ; 0014-2980
    ISSN (online) 1521-4141
    ISSN 0014-2980
    DOI 10.1002/eji.202149656
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Probing Affinity, Avidity, Anticooperativity, and Competition in Antibody and Receptor Binding to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike by Single Particle Mass Analyses.

    Yin, Victor / Lai, Szu-Hsueh / Caniels, Tom G / Brouwer, Philip J M / Brinkkemper, Mitch / Aldon, Yoann / Liu, Hejun / Yuan, Meng / Wilson, Ian A / Sanders, Rogier W / van Gils, Marit J / Heck, Albert J R

    ACS central science

    2021  Volume 7, Issue 11, Page(s) 1863–1873

    Abstract: Determining how antibodies interact with the spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is critical for combating COVID-19. Structural studies typically employ simplified, truncated constructs that may not fully recapitulate the behavior of the original ... ...

    Abstract Determining how antibodies interact with the spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is critical for combating COVID-19. Structural studies typically employ simplified, truncated constructs that may not fully recapitulate the behavior of the original complexes. Here, we combine two single particle mass analysis techniques (mass photometry and charge-detection mass spectrometry) to enable the measurement of full IgG binding to the trimeric SARS-CoV-2 S ectodomain. Our experiments reveal that antibodies targeting the S-trimer typically prefer stoichiometries lower than the symmetry-predicted 3:1 binding. We determine that this behavior arises from the interplay of steric clashes and avidity effects that are not reflected in common antibody constructs (i.e., Fabs). Surprisingly, these substoichiometric complexes are fully effective at blocking ACE2 binding despite containing free receptor binding sites. Our results highlight the importance of studying antibody/antigen interactions using complete, multimeric constructs and showcase the utility of single particle mass analyses in unraveling these complex interactions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2374-7943
    ISSN 2374-7943
    DOI 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00804
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Diagnostic performance of two serological assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies: surveillance after vaccination.

    Fresco-Taboada, Alba / García-Durán, Marga / Aira, Cristina / López, Lissett / Sastre, Patricia / van der Hoek, Lia / van Gils, Marit J / Brouwer, Philip J M / Sanders, Rogier W / Holzer, Barbara / Zimpernikc, Irene / López-Collazo, Eduardo / Muñoz, Patricia / Rueda, Paloma / Vela, Carmen

    Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease

    2022  Volume 102, Issue 4, Page(s) 115650

    Abstract: Massive vaccination programs are being carried out to limit the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic that started in December 2019. Serological tests are of major importance as an indicator of circulation of the virus and to assess how vaccine-induced immunity progresses. ...

    Abstract Massive vaccination programs are being carried out to limit the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic that started in December 2019. Serological tests are of major importance as an indicator of circulation of the virus and to assess how vaccine-induced immunity progresses. An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and a Lateral Flow Assay (LFA) have been developed based on the SARS-CoV-2 recombinant Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and the combination of Spike and Nucleoprotein, respectively. The validation with 1272 serum samples by comparison with INgezim COVID 19 DR showed good diagnostic performance (sensitivity: 93.2%-97.2%; specificity: 98.3%-99.3%) for detection of previous contact with SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, according to our results, these assays can help in the serosurveillance during and after vaccination, by detecting the humoral immune response as soon as 15 days postvaccination and identifying low-respondents. Hence, these tests could play a key role in the progression to a COVID-19 free world, helping to adjust future vaccination protocols.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604920-5
    ISSN 1879-0070 ; 0732-8893
    ISSN (online) 1879-0070
    ISSN 0732-8893
    DOI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115650
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: A Lassa virus mRNA vaccine confers protection but does not require neutralizing antibody in a guinea pig model of infection.

    Ronk, Adam J / Lloyd, Nicole M / Zhang, Min / Atyeo, Caroline / Perrett, Hailee R / Mire, Chad E / Hastie, Kathryn M / Sanders, Rogier W / Brouwer, Philip J M / Saphire, Erica Olmann / Ward, Andrew B / Ksiazek, Thomas G / Alvarez Moreno, Juan Carlos / Thaker, Harshwardhan M / Alter, Galit / Himansu, Sunny / Carfi, Andrea / Bukreyev, Alexander

    Nature communications

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 5603

    Abstract: Lassa virus is a member of the Arenaviridae family, which causes human infections ranging from asymptomatic to severe hemorrhagic disease with a high case fatality rate. We have designed and generated lipid nanoparticle encapsulated, modified mRNA ... ...

    Abstract Lassa virus is a member of the Arenaviridae family, which causes human infections ranging from asymptomatic to severe hemorrhagic disease with a high case fatality rate. We have designed and generated lipid nanoparticle encapsulated, modified mRNA vaccines that encode for the wild-type Lassa virus strain Josiah glycoprotein complex or the prefusion stabilized conformation of the Lassa virus glycoprotein complex. Hartley guinea pigs were vaccinated with two 10 µg doses, 28 days apart, of either construct. Vaccination induced strong binding antibody responses, specific to the prefusion conformation of glycoprotein complex, which were significantly higher in the prefusion stabilized glycoprotein complex construct group and displayed strong Fc-mediated effects. However, Lassa virus-neutralizing antibody activity was detected in some but not all animals. Following the challenge with a lethal dose of the Lassa virus, all vaccinated animals were protected from death and severe disease. Although the definitive mechanism of protection is still unknown, and assessment of the cell-mediated immune response was not investigated in this study, these data demonstrate the promise of mRNA as a vaccine platform against the Lassa virus and that protection against Lassa virus can be achieved in the absence of virus-neutralizing antibodies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Guinea Pigs ; Animals ; Lassa virus/genetics ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Arenaviridae ; mRNA Vaccines ; Glycoproteins
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Neutralizing ; mRNA Vaccines ; Glycoproteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-41376-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Author Correction: Interplay of diverse adjuvants and nanoparticle presentation of native-like HIV-1 envelope trimers.

    Sliepen, Kwinten / Schermer, Edith / Bontjer, Ilja / Burger, Judith A / Lévai, Réka Felfödiné / Mundsperger, Philipp / Brouwer, Philip J M / Tolazzi, Monica / Farsang, Attila / Katinger, Dietmar / Moore, John P / Scarlatti, Gabriella / Shattock, Robin J / Sattentau, Quentin J / Sanders, Rogier W

    NPJ vaccines

    2021  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 134

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ISSN 2059-0105
    ISSN (online) 2059-0105
    DOI 10.1038/s41541-021-00398-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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