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  1. Book ; Online ; E-Book: Health informatics

    Brown, Gordon D. / Pasupathy, Kalyan S. / Patrick, Timothy B.

    a systems perspective

    2019  

    Author's details Gordon D. Brown, Kalyan S. Pasupathy, Timothy B. Patrick
    Subject code 610.285
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 417 Seiten), Diagramme
    Edition Second edition
    Publisher Health Administration Press (HAP) ; Association of University Programs in Health Administration (AUPHA)
    Publishing place Chicago, Illinois ; Washington, DC
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book ; Online ; E-Book
    Remark Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
    HBZ-ID HT019858375
    ISBN 978-1-64055-006-3 ; 9781640550056 ; 9781640550070 ; 9781640550087 ; 9781640550094 ; 1-64055-006-2 ; 1640550054 ; 1640550070 ; 1640550089 ; 1640550097
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: Immunity to fungi: Editorial overview.

    Willment, Janet A / Brown, Gordon D

    Seminars in immunology

    2023  Volume 66, Page(s) 101734

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Fungi ; Immunity, Innate
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1018141-6
    ISSN 1096-3618 ; 1044-5323
    ISSN (online) 1096-3618
    ISSN 1044-5323
    DOI 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101734
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  3. Article ; Online: Incomparability and Incommensurability in Choice: No Common Currency of Value?

    Walasek, Lukasz / Brown, Gordon D A

    Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science

    2023  , Page(s) 17456916231192828

    Abstract: Models of decision-making typically assume the existence of some common currency of value, such as utility, happiness, or inclusive fitness. This common currency is taken to allow comparison of options and to underpin everyday choice. Here we suggest ... ...

    Abstract Models of decision-making typically assume the existence of some common currency of value, such as utility, happiness, or inclusive fitness. This common currency is taken to allow comparison of options and to underpin everyday choice. Here we suggest instead that there is no universal value scale, that incommensurable values pervade everyday choice, and hence that most existing models of decision-making in both economics and psychology are fundamentally limited. We propose that choice objects can be compared only with reference to specific but nonuniversal "covering values." These covering values may reflect decision-makers' goals, motivations, or current states. A complete model of choice must accommodate the range of possible covering values. We show that abandoning the common-currency assumption in models of judgment and decision-making necessitates rank-based and "simple heuristics" models that contrast radically with conventional utility-based approaches. We note that if there is no universal value scale, then Arrow's impossibility theorem places severe bounds on the rationality of individual decision-making and hence that there is a deep link between the incommensurability of value, inconsistencies in human decision-making, and rank-based coding of value. More generally, incommensurability raises the question of whether it will ever be possible to develop single-quantity-maximizing models of decision-making.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2224911-4
    ISSN 1745-6924 ; 1745-6916
    ISSN (online) 1745-6924
    ISSN 1745-6916
    DOI 10.1177/17456916231192828
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  4. Article ; Online: Myeloid C-type lectin receptors in innate immune recognition.

    Reis E Sousa, Caetano / Yamasaki, Sho / Brown, Gordon D

    Immunity

    2024  Volume 57, Issue 4, Page(s) 700–717

    Abstract: C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed by myeloid cells constitute a versatile family of receptors that play a key role in innate immune recognition. Myeloid CLRs exhibit a remarkable ability to recognize an extensive array of ligands, from ... ...

    Abstract C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed by myeloid cells constitute a versatile family of receptors that play a key role in innate immune recognition. Myeloid CLRs exhibit a remarkable ability to recognize an extensive array of ligands, from carbohydrates and beyond, and encompass pattern-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and markers of altered self. These receptors, classified into distinct subgroups, play pivotal roles in immune recognition and modulation of immune responses. Their intricate signaling pathways orchestrate a spectrum of cellular responses, influencing processes such as phagocytosis, cytokine production, and antigen presentation. Beyond their contributions to host defense in viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, myeloid CLRs have been implicated in non-infectious diseases such as cancer, allergies, and autoimmunity. A nuanced understanding of myeloid CLR interactions with endogenous and microbial triggers is starting to uncover the context-dependent nature of their roles in innate immunity, with implications for therapeutic intervention.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Lectins, C-Type/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate ; Myeloid Cells/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Lectins, C-Type ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1217235-2
    ISSN 1097-4180 ; 1074-7613
    ISSN (online) 1097-4180
    ISSN 1074-7613
    DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.005
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  5. Article ; Online: Managing the mycobiota with IgA.

    Dambuza, Ivy M / Brown, Gordon D

    Nature microbiology

    2021  Volume 6, Issue 12, Page(s) 1471–1472

    MeSH term(s) Fungi ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Immunoglobulin A
    Chemical Substances Immunoglobulin A
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ISSN 2058-5276
    ISSN (online) 2058-5276
    DOI 10.1038/s41564-021-01006-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Cross-presentation is getting DNGRous.

    Hatinguais, Remi / Brown, Gordon D

    Nature immunology

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 108–110

    MeSH term(s) Cross-Priming
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2016987-5
    ISSN 1529-2916 ; 1529-2908
    ISSN (online) 1529-2916
    ISSN 1529-2908
    DOI 10.1038/s41590-020-00831-y
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  7. Article ; Online: The role of episodic memory sampling in evaluation.

    Mason, Alice / Brown, Gordon D A / Ward, Geoff / Farrell, Simon

    Psychonomic bulletin & review

    2023  

    Abstract: Many models of choice assume that people retrieve memories of past experiences and use them to guide evaluation and choice. In this paper, we examine whether samples of recalled past experiences do indeed underpin our evaluations of options. We showed ... ...

    Abstract Many models of choice assume that people retrieve memories of past experiences and use them to guide evaluation and choice. In this paper, we examine whether samples of recalled past experiences do indeed underpin our evaluations of options. We showed participants sequences of numerical values and asked them to recall as many of those values as possible and also to state how much they would be willing to pay for another draw from the sequence. Using Bayesian mixed effects modeling, we predicted participants' evaluation of the sequences at the group level from either the average of the values they recalled or the average of the values they saw. Contrary to the predictions of recall-based models, people's evaluations appear to be sensitive to information beyond what was actually recalled. Moreover, we did not find consistent evidence that memory for specific items is sufficient to predict evaluation of sequences. We discuss the implications for sampling models of memory and decision-making and alternative explanations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2031311-1
    ISSN 1531-5320 ; 1069-9384
    ISSN (online) 1531-5320
    ISSN 1069-9384
    DOI 10.3758/s13423-023-02413-z
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  8. Article ; Online: C-type lectin receptors in antifungal immunity: Current knowledge and future developments.

    Hatinguais, Remi / Willment, Janet A / Brown, Gordon D

    Parasite immunology

    2022  Volume 45, Issue 2, Page(s) e12951

    Abstract: C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) constitute a category of innate immune receptors that play an essential role in the antifungal immune response. For over two decades, scientists have uncovered what are the fungal ligands recognized by CLRs and how these ... ...

    Abstract C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) constitute a category of innate immune receptors that play an essential role in the antifungal immune response. For over two decades, scientists have uncovered what are the fungal ligands recognized by CLRs and how these receptors initiate the immune response. Such studies have allowed the identification of genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding for CLRs or for proteins involved in the signalisation cascade they trigger. Nevertheless, our understanding of how these receptors functions and the full extent of their function during the antifungal immune response is still at its infancy. In this review, we summarize some of the main findings about CLRs in antifungal immunity and discuss what the future might hold for the field.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Antifungal Agents ; Mycoses/genetics ; Mycoses/metabolism ; Lectins, C-Type/genetics ; Lectins, C-Type/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate
    Chemical Substances Antifungal Agents ; Lectins, C-Type
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 424444-8
    ISSN 1365-3024 ; 0141-9838
    ISSN (online) 1365-3024
    ISSN 0141-9838
    DOI 10.1111/pim.12951
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  9. Article ; Online: Social sampling and expressed attitudes: Authenticity preference and social extremeness aversion lead to social norm effects and polarization.

    Brown, Gordon D A / Lewandowsky, Stephan / Huang, Zhihong

    Psychological review

    2022  Volume 129, Issue 1, Page(s) 18–48

    Abstract: A cognitive model of social influence (Social Sampling Theory [SST]) is developed and applied to several social network phenomena including polarization and contagion effects. Social norms and individuals' private attitudes are represented as ... ...

    Abstract A cognitive model of social influence (Social Sampling Theory [SST]) is developed and applied to several social network phenomena including polarization and contagion effects. Social norms and individuals' private attitudes are represented as distributions rather than the single points used in most models. SST is explored using agent-based modeling to link individual-level and network-level effects. People are assumed to observe the behavior of their social network neighbors and thereby infer the social distribution of particular attitudes and behaviors. It is assumed that (a) people dislike behaving in ways that are extreme within their neighborhood social norm (social extremeness aversion assumption), and hence tend to conform and (b) people prefer to behave consistently with their own underlying attitudes (authenticity preference assumption) hence minimizing dissonance. Expressed attitudes and behavior reflect a utility-maximizing compromise between these opposing principles. SST is applied to a number of social phenomena including (a) homophily and the development of segregated neighborhoods, (b) polarization, (c) effects of norm homogeneity on social conformity, (d) pluralistic ignorance and false consensus effects, (e) backfire effects, (f) interactions between world view and social norm effects, and (g) the opposing effects on subjective well-being of authentic behavior and high levels of social comparison. More generally, it is argued that explanations of social comparison require the variance, not just the central tendency, of both attitudes and beliefs about social norms to be accommodated. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Affect ; Attitude ; Humans ; Social Behavior ; Social Conformity ; Social Norms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209907-x
    ISSN 1939-1471 ; 0033-295X
    ISSN (online) 1939-1471
    ISSN 0033-295X
    DOI 10.1037/rev0000342
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  10. Article ; Online: Rank-based alternatives to mean-based ensemble models of satisfaction with earnings: Comment on Putnam-Farr and Morewedge (2020).

    Wort, Finnian / Walasek, Lukasz / Brown, Gordon D A

    Journal of experimental psychology. General

    2022  Volume 151, Issue 11, Page(s) 2963–2967

    Abstract: How much satisfaction do we derive from a new salary or from receiving a bonus payment in an experiment? People do not judge monetary amounts in isolation but compare them to other amounts-judgments are context sensitive. A key question is, however, how ... ...

    Abstract How much satisfaction do we derive from a new salary or from receiving a bonus payment in an experiment? People do not judge monetary amounts in isolation but compare them to other amounts-judgments are context sensitive. A key question is, however, how context affects judgment. Across eight experiments, Putnam-Farr and Morewedge (2020) showed that people's self-reported satisfaction with a sum of money is predicted by the difference between that amount and the highest or lowest amount received by others. The authors found no evidence that people's judgments are sensitive to the ranked position of a monetary amount among other rewards. Putnam-Farr and Morewedge explained their results with reference to the ensemble representation literature, which shows that people can accurately estimate summary statistics, such as the maximum or mean, of stimulus distributions. In this commentary, we argue that their proposed interpretation is inconsistent with extensive theoretical and empirical research showing that judgments of stimuli reflect the relative ranked position of those stimuli within a comparison context. Building on this research, we show that the experimental results reported by Putnam-Farr and Morewedge can be explained on the assumption that people use contextual information to infer a distribution of monetary amounts and judge individual amounts by their relative ranked position within that inferred distribution. This inferred distribution theory accounts for empirical results reported in the original study while remaining consistent with the general and well-established principle of rank-based judgment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Income ; Judgment ; Personal Satisfaction ; Reward
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 189732-9
    ISSN 1939-2222 ; 0096-3445
    ISSN (online) 1939-2222
    ISSN 0096-3445
    DOI 10.1037/xge0001237
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