LIVIVO - Search results -

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 349

Search options

Article ; Online: Effects of Urban Landscape and Sociodemographic Characteristics on Heat-Related Health Using Emergency Medical Service Incidents.

Lee, Kanghyun / Brown, Robert D

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 3

Abstract: It is well known that extremely hot weather causes heat-related health issues. Health problems, especially in urban areas, are becoming increasingly important due to urban heat island effect. Understanding the impact of neighborhood characteristics is ... ...

Abstract	It is well known that extremely hot weather causes heat-related health issues. Health problems, especially in urban areas, are becoming increasingly important due to urban heat island effect. Understanding the impact of neighborhood characteristics is important for research into the relationship between thermal environment and human health. The objectives of this study were to explore the urban landscape and sociodemographic characteristics affecting heat-related health and identify spatial inequalities for vulnerable groups. A total of 27,807 heat-related EMS incidents were used at the census block group level (N = 285). We used land cover database and Landsat satellite images for urban landscape variables and used 2019 U.S. Census data for sociodemographic variables. Negative binomial regression was used to identify the neighborhood variables associated with the heat-related EMS incidents in each block group. Heat-related health has been alleviated in block groups with high green areas. However, the negative effects of thermal environments on human health were higher in areas with a high percentage of impervious surface, over 65 years, non-white people, no high school diploma, or unemployment. The results indicate that heat-related health problems can be addressed through prevention strategies for block group variables. Local intervention efforts to solve health issues should be targeted at more vulnerable areas and groups.
MeSH term(s)	Censuses ; Cities ; Emergency Medical Services ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Residence Characteristics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19031287
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Full text online

Accessible to users with ZB MED library card

Order via subito

This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

Details ▾
- Full text online
- Order with fees

Article ; Online: Correcting the Error in Measuring Radiation Received by a Person: Introducing Cylindrical Radiometers.

Brown, Robert D

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2019 Volume 19, Issue 23

Abstract: Most human energy budget models consider a person to be approximately cylindrical in shape when estimating or measuring the amount of radiation that they receive in a given environment. Yet, the most commonly used instrument for measuring the amount of ... ...

Abstract	Most human energy budget models consider a person to be approximately cylindrical in shape when estimating or measuring the amount of radiation that they receive in a given environment. Yet, the most commonly used instrument for measuring the amount of radiation received by a person is the globe thermometer. The spherical shape of this instrument was designed to be used indoors where radiation is received approximately equally from all directions. But in outdoor environments, radiation can be strongly directional, making the sphere an inappropriate shape. The international standard for measuring radiation received by a person, the Integral Radiation Measurement (IRM) method, yields a measure of the Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt). This method uses radiometers oriented in the four cardinal directions, plus up and down. However, this setup essentially estimates the amount of energy received by a square peg, not a cylinder. This paper identifies the errors introduced by both the sphere and the peg, and introduces a set of two new instrument that can be used to directly measure the amount of radiation received by a vertical cylinder in outdoor environments. The Cylindrical Pyranometer measures the amount of solar radiation received by a vertical cylinder, and the Cylindrical Pyrgeometer measures the amount of terrestrial radiation received. While the globe thermometer is still valid for use in indoor environments, these two new instruments should become the standard for measuring radiation received by people in outdoor environments.
MeSH term(s)	Environment ; Humans ; Radiometry/methods ; Solar Energy ; Temperature ; Thermometers ; Thermosensing/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s19235085
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

Article ; Online: Exploring the Predictive Potential of Physiological Measures of Human Thermal Strain in Outdoor Environments in Hot and Humid Areas in Summer-A Case Study of Shanghai, China.

Lian, Zefeng / Liu, Binyi / Brown, Robert D

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 6

Abstract: Whenever people spend time outdoors during hot weather, they are putting themselves in potentially stressful situations. Being able to predict whether a person is overheating can be critical in preventing heat-health issues. There is a clear relationship ...

Abstract	Whenever people spend time outdoors during hot weather, they are putting themselves in potentially stressful situations. Being able to predict whether a person is overheating can be critical in preventing heat-health issues. There is a clear relationship between body core temperature and heat health. However, measuring body core temperature is expensive. Identifying a non-invasive measure that could indicate a person's thermal strain would be valuable. This study investigated five physiological measures as possible surrogates: finger mean skin temperature (FSKT), finger maximum skin temperature (FMSKT), skin conductance level (SCL), heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV). Furthermore, they were compared against the results of participants' subjective thermal sensation and thermal comfort in a range of hot microclimatic conditions in a hot and humid climate. Results showed that except for SCL, each of the other four physiological measures had a positive significant relationship with thermal sensation, but a negative relationship with thermal comfort. Furthermore, through testing by cumulative link mixed models, HRV was found to be the most suitable surrogate for predicting thermal sensation and thermal comfort through a simple, non-invasive measure in outdoor environment in summer in a hot and humid area. This study highlights the method for predicting human thermal strain and contributes to improve the public health and well-being of urban dwellers in outdoor environments.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; China ; Seasons ; Climate ; Temperature ; Hot Temperature
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20065017
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Full text online

Accessible to users with ZB MED library card

Order via subito

Details ▾
- Full text online
- Order with fees

Article ; Online: Urban heat island (UHI) intensity and magnitude estimations: A systematic literature review.

Kim, Se Woong / Brown, Robert D

The Science of the total environment

2021 Volume 779, Page(s) 146389

Abstract: The severity of urban heat islands (UHIs) is increasing due to global and urban climate change. The damage caused by UHIs is also increasing. To establish a plan to improve the deteriorating thermal environment in cities due to UHIs and to minimize the ... ...

Abstract	The severity of urban heat islands (UHIs) is increasing due to global and urban climate change. The damage caused by UHIs is also increasing. To establish a plan to improve the deteriorating thermal environment in cities due to UHIs and to minimize the damage, further research is needed to accurately estimate and analyze the intensity and magnitude of UHIs. This systematic literature review (SLR) is an in-depth review of 51 studies obtained through a five-step filtering process focusing on their analysis of the spatial extent of UHIs, the UHI concept that was used for UHI estimation, and the UHI estimation and analysis methods. This SLR confirmed the need for accurate UHI intensity and magnitude estimation and analysis to reset the existing UHI classification based on the variety of vertical and horizontal ranges where UHIs occur. The results also indicated that the existing UHI energy concepts for estimating UHIs need to be modified and developed to reflect the three-dimensional physical form of the city. Finally, this SLR clarifies the need to develop an optimized analysis method for UHI research. The review results of this SLR will inform future studies and be the cornerstone for establishing policies and plans that can accurately predict and respond to the damage caused by UHIs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146389
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.A 949: Show issues

Location:
Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

Order via subito

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

Article ; Online: Pedestrians' behavior based on outdoor thermal comfort and micro-scale thermal environments, Austin, TX.

Kim, Se Woong / Brown, Robert D

The Science of the total environment

2021 Volume 808, Page(s) 152143

Abstract: Cities have faced rapid urbanization, which has changed the impact of the micro-thermal environment on residents' thermal comfort level. Therefore, planners need to understand the city's physical environment so they can identify and ameliorate the ... ...

Abstract	Cities have faced rapid urbanization, which has changed the impact of the micro-thermal environment on residents' thermal comfort level. Therefore, planners need to understand the city's physical environment so they can identify and ameliorate the effects of the changing in micro-thermal environment. Researchers also need to identify and understand pedestrians' thermal comfort level in street canyons to determine which urban physical factors planners need to improve. This study aimed to observe how thermal comfort affects pedestrian behavior in micro-thermal environments and to determine which urban geometry factors influence pedestrians' thermal comfort. This study collected data in downtown Austin, TX using a mobile weather station, and analyzed the microclimate conditions experienced by pedestrians. A camera mounted on the weather station also allowed us to observe pedestrian behavior patterns. The results revealed that pedestrians tended to choose walking, sitting, and standing locations with high thermal comfort levels such as in the shade on the sidewalk. There was also some correlation between thermal comfort levels and pedestrian behavior patterns. The sky view factor (SVF) and tree canopy coverage ratio (TCR) were also correlated with pedestrians' thermal comfort. This study highlights the need for future research to develop a data collection method for efficient microscopic thermal environment research and a thermal environment estimation and analysis approach from a three-dimensional perspective.
MeSH term(s)	Cities ; Humans ; Microclimate ; Pedestrians ; Thermosensing ; Walking ; Weather
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152143
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.A 949: Show issues

Location:
Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

Order via subito

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

Article ; Online: Epidemiology of Spontaneous Cervical Artery Dissection: Population-Based Study.

Griffin, Kim J / Harmsen, William S / Mandrekar, Jay / Brown, Robert D / Keser, Zafer

Stroke

2024 Volume 55, Issue 3, Page(s) 670–677

Abstract: Background: Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) represents up to 15% to 25% of ischemic strokes in people under the age of 50 years. Noninvasive vessel imaging is increasingly used in clinical practice, but the impact on the frequency of detection of CeAD ...

Abstract	Background: Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) represents up to 15% to 25% of ischemic strokes in people under the age of 50 years. Noninvasive vessel imaging is increasingly used in clinical practice, but the impact on the frequency of detection of CeAD is unknown. In 2006, the yearly incidence rate of CeAD was estimated at 2.6 per 100 000 person-years, but the current incidence is unknown. Methods: In this population-based retrospective observational cohort study, we utilized the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to ascertain all adult residents of Olmsted County, MN, diagnosed with internal carotid artery dissection and common carotid artery dissection or vertebral artery dissection from 2002 to 2020. Patients with only intracranial involvement or CeAD following major trauma were excluded. Age-adjusted sex-specific and age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates were estimated using the US White 2010 decennial census, with rates expressed per 100 000 person-years. We assessed longitudinal trends by dividing the data into 5-year time intervals, with the last being a 4-year interval. Results: We identified 123 patients with a diagnosis of CeAD. There were 63 patients with internal carotid artery dissection, 54 with vertebral artery dissection, 2 with concurrent internal carotid artery dissection and vertebral artery dissection, and 4 with common carotid artery dissection. There were 63 (51.2%) female patients and 60 (48.8%) male patients. The average age at diagnosis was 50.2 years (SD, 15.1 [95% CI, 20.1-90.5] years). The incidence rate of spontaneous CeAD encompassing all locations was 4.69 per 100 000 person-years (2.43 for internal carotid artery dissection and 2.01 for vertebral artery dissection). The incidence rate increased from 2.30 per 100 000 person-years from 2002 to 2006 to 8.93 per 100 000 person-years from 2017 to 2020 ( Conclusions: The incidence rate of spontaneous CeAD increased nearly 4-fold over a 19-year period from 2002 to 2020. The incidence rate in women rose over 12-fold. The increase in incidence rates likely reflects the increased use of noninvasive vascular imaging.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/diagnostic imaging ; Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/epidemiology ; Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke/epidemiology ; Vertebral Artery Dissection/diagnostic imaging ; Vertebral Artery Dissection/epidemiology ; Vertebral Artery Dissection/complications ; Young Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80381-9
ISSN	1524-4628 ; 0039-2499 ; 0749-7954
ISSN (online)	1524-4628
ISSN	0039-2499 ; 0749-7954
DOI	10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.043647
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.A 448: Show issues

Location:
Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

Order via subito

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

Article: Pedestrians' behavior based on outdoor thermal comfort and micro-scale thermal environments, Austin, TX

Kim, Se Woong / Brown, Robert D.

Science of the total environment. 2022 Feb. 20, v. 808

2022

Abstract	Cities have faced rapid urbanization, which has changed the impact of the micro-thermal environment on residents' thermal comfort level. Therefore, planners need to understand the city's physical environment so they can identify and ameliorate the effects of the changing in micro-thermal environment. Researchers also need to identify and understand pedestrians' thermal comfort level in street canyons to determine which urban physical factors planners need to improve. This study aimed to observe how thermal comfort affects pedestrian behavior in micro-thermal environments and to determine which urban geometry factors influence pedestrians' thermal comfort. This study collected data in downtown Austin, TX using a mobile weather station, and analyzed the microclimate conditions experienced by pedestrians. A camera mounted on the weather station also allowed us to observe pedestrian behavior patterns. The results revealed that pedestrians tended to choose walking, sitting, and standing locations with high thermal comfort levels such as in the shade on the sidewalk. There was also some correlation between thermal comfort levels and pedestrian behavior patterns. The sky view factor (SVF) and tree canopy coverage ratio (TCR) were also correlated with pedestrians' thermal comfort. This study highlights the need for future research to develop a data collection method for efficient microscopic thermal environment research and a thermal environment estimation and analysis approach from a three-dimensional perspective.
Keywords	cameras ; canopy ; data collection ; environment ; geometry ; microclimate ; trees ; urbanization ; weather
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0220
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152143
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Z 74/341: Show issues

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

Article: Effects of street orientation and tree species thermal comfort within urban canyons in a hot, dry climate

Narimani, Niloufar / Karimi, Alireza / Brown, Robert D.

Ecological informatics. 2022 July, v. 69

2022

Abstract: Urban valleys as a primary element of the urban environment have played an undeniable role in the intensification of urban heat islands as climate change has increased in the past century. However, appropriate solutions can help improve outdoor thermal ... ...

Abstract	Urban valleys as a primary element of the urban environment have played an undeniable role in the intensification of urban heat islands as climate change has increased in the past century. However, appropriate solutions can help improve outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) in these areas. In the present study, parameters related to thermal comfort outdoors such as air temperature (Ta), wind speed (Ws), sky view factor (SVF), mean radiant temperature (MRT) and physiological equivalent temperature (PET) in an urban street were analyzed using ENVI-met simulation. Furthermore, the influence of tree species and street orientation in the study area was also examined to improve thermal comfort conditions. Similarly, with field measurements on site, a questionnaire was used to determine the OTC range of visitors to the urban valley. The study also integrates with ENVI-met microclimatic modeling to improve thermal comfort in the urban street canyon, which was used to simulate the current situation and validated with field measurements, showing a good correlation. The results have revealed that, although SVF has been extensively used in previous studies, it is not an exact indicator to determine the amount of radiation and OTC conditions. The simulation study expressed that orientations' effect on thermal comfort is less prominent than tree cover. However, significant changes in orientation have a remarkable effect on improving OTC in the urban valley.
Keywords	air temperature ; climate change ; dry climates ; microclimate ; questionnaires ; trees ; wind speed
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-07
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2212016-6
ISSN	1878-0512 ; 1574-9541
ISSN (online)	1878-0512
ISSN	1574-9541
DOI	10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101671
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Z 7643: Show issues

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

Article ; Online: An energy budget model for estimating the thermal comfort of children.

Cheng, Wenwen / Brown, Robert D

International journal of biometeorology

2020 Volume 64, Issue 8, Page(s) 1355–1366

Abstract: Many children growing up in cities are spending less time outdoors to escape the heat. This is contributing to childhood obesity and the prospect of a range of diseases in adulthood. When landscape architects and urban designers use a human thermal ... ...

Abstract	Many children growing up in cities are spending less time outdoors to escape the heat. This is contributing to childhood obesity and the prospect of a range of diseases in adulthood. When landscape architects and urban designers use a human thermal comfort model to test their designs for children's comfort, they would have to use a model essentially designed to simulate healthy adults. Yet there are many differences between the body of a child and an adult. The aim of this paper was to modify the thermal comfort model COMFA into a children's energy budget model through the consideration of the heat exchange of a child. The energy budget of a child can be up to 21 W/m
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Cities ; Female ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Male ; Microclimate ; Thermosensing
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280324-0
ISSN	1432-1254 ; 0020-7128
ISSN (online)	1432-1254
ISSN	0020-7128
DOI	10.1007/s00484-020-01916-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Full text online

Accessible to users with ZB MED library card

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.A 998: Show issues

Location:
Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

Order via subito

Details ▾

Article: An energy budget model for estimating the thermal comfort of children

Cheng, Wenwen / Brown, Robert D

International journal of biometeorology. 2020 Aug., v. 64, no. 8

2020

Abstract	Many children growing up in cities are spending less time outdoors to escape the heat. This is contributing to childhood obesity and the prospect of a range of diseases in adulthood. When landscape architects and urban designers use a human thermal comfort model to test their designs for children’s comfort, they would have to use a model essentially designed to simulate healthy adults. Yet there are many differences between the body of a child and an adult. The aim of this paper was to modify the thermal comfort model COMFA into a children’s energy budget model through the consideration of the heat exchange of a child. The energy budget of a child can be up to 21 W/m² higher than adults in hot summertime conditions, and 26 W/m² lower in cold conditions. The model was validated through field studies of 65 children (32 boys and 33 girls) aged from 7-12 years old in 9 days from March to June in 2019, in 68 different microclimates ranging from cool to hot. A 5-point thermal comfort scale of energy budget for children was created using multinomial logistic regression, which revealed that children have a different range of thermal acceptability than adults. The frequency distribution of the actual thermal sensation and the predicted thermal comfort was improved using the new scale. The actual thermal sensation responses from children and the predicted thermal sensation using the model was determined to be positively significantly related. The accuracy of the model was 93.26%. This study has provided an effective children’s energy budget model to predict children’s thermal comfort. Its application can contribute to the design of thermally comfortable children’s outdoor play areas by landscape architects and urban designers.
Keywords	adulthood ; adults ; bioclimatology ; childhood obesity ; children ; cold ; energy ; frequency distribution ; heat transfer ; humans ; landscapes ; models ; regression analysis ; sensation ; summer
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-08
Size	p. 1355-1366.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	127361-9
ISSN	0067-8902 ; 0020-7128
ISSN	0067-8902 ; 0020-7128
DOI	10.1007/s00484-020-01916-x
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Se 235: Show issues

Location:
Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

Order via subito

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

To top

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito