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  1. Article ; Online: Closing the loop: From system-based data to evidence-influenced policy and practice.

    Katz, Alan / Brownell, Marni / Enns, Jennifer E / Nickel, Nathan C

    International journal of population data science

    2022  Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) 1701

    Abstract: For more than 30 years, the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy has been conducting research and evaluation to provide timely and critical evidence to answer real-world policy questions. Our experienced team of research scientists, analysts and other staff ...

    Abstract For more than 30 years, the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy has been conducting research and evaluation to provide timely and critical evidence to answer real-world policy questions. Our experienced team of research scientists, analysts and other staff work extensively with policy-makers at the macro, meso and micro levels of government to support evidence-informed policy and program development in an effort to ensure that policy initiatives provide the greatest benefit possible to individuals and society as a whole. Using the widely recognized whole-population Manitoba Population Research Data Repository, which comprises approximately 100 different datasets from multiple sectors, we employ sophisticated and state-of-the-art research methods and data science technologies, and then translate the results into meaningful insights or recommendations for policy-makers. Our long and productive history of working with policy-makers has taught us much about making our research relevant to policy-makers. In this article, we outline some examples of how research evidence has been used to influence policy in Manitoba, and the key lessons we have learned about what makes relationships between researchers and policy-makers work. In essence, policy-makers have supported the growth of the Repository over the last 30 years, because researchers have "closed the loop" by sharing valuable and policy-relevant research results with them. This ability to inform policies, programs and service delivery with scientific evidence continues to benefit individuals, communities and our society as a whole.
    MeSH term(s) Administrative Personnel ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Manitoba ; Policy Making ; Research Personnel
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-25
    Publishing country Wales
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2399-4908
    ISSN (online) 2399-4908
    DOI 10.23889/ijpds.v7i1.1701
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Neighbourhood-level socioeconomic status and prevalence of teacher-reported health disorders among Canadian kindergarten children.

    Janus, Magdalena / Brownell, Marni / Reid-Westoby, Caroline / Pottruff, Molly / Forer, Barry / Guhn, Martin / Duku, Eric

    Frontiers in public health

    2024  Volume 11, Page(s) 1295195

    Abstract: Background: The evidence on the association between neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) and health disorders in young children is scarce. This study examined the prevalence of health disorders in Canadian kindergarten (5-6 years old) children ... ...

    Abstract Background: The evidence on the association between neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) and health disorders in young children is scarce. This study examined the prevalence of health disorders in Canadian kindergarten (5-6 years old) children in relation to neighborhood SES in 12/13 Canadian jurisdictions.
    Methods: Data on child development at school entry for an eligible 1,372,980 children out of the total population of 1,435,428 children from 2004 to 2020, collected using the Early Development Instrument (EDI), were linked with neighborhood sociodemographic data from the 2006 Canadian Census and the 2005 Taxfiler for 2,058 neighborhoods. We examined the relationship using linear regressions. Children's HD included special needs, functional impairments limiting a child's ability to participate in classroom activities, and diagnosed conditions.
    Results: The neighborhood prevalence of health disorders across Canada ranged from 1.8 to 46.6%, with a national average of 17.3%. The combined prevalence of health disorders was 16.4%, as 225,711 children were identified as having at least one health disorder. Results of an unadjusted linear regression showed a significant association between neighborhood-level SES and prevalence of health disorders (
    Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the prevalence of health disorders among kindergarten children was higher in lower SES neighborhoods and varied by jurisdiction in Canada, which has implications for practice and resource allocation.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Prevalence ; Child Development ; Social Class ; Schools ; Ontario
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1295195
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Developmental health of Canadian kindergarten children with teacher-reported asthma between 2010 and 2015: A population-level cross-sectional study.

    Janus, Magdalena / Reid-Westoby, Caroline / Pottruff, Molly / Schneeweiss, Michelle / Hu, George / Brownell, Marni

    Preventive medicine reports

    2023  Volume 37, Page(s) 102525

    Abstract: Asthma can impact children's quality of life. It is unclear how asthma is associated with the developmental health (i.e. a broad range of skills and abilities associated with growth and development) of young children at school entry. The goals of this ... ...

    Abstract Asthma can impact children's quality of life. It is unclear how asthma is associated with the developmental health (i.e. a broad range of skills and abilities associated with growth and development) of young children at school entry. The goals of this cross-sectional, population-level study were to: (1) investigate the association between teacher-reported asthma and children's concurrent indicators of developmental health (developmental vulnerability); and (2) explore whether school absences and functional impairments modified this association. Participants were a Canadian population-based sample of 564 582 kindergarten children
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2785569-7
    ISSN 2211-3355
    ISSN 2211-3355
    DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102525
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Ensuring Indigenous participation in research on the health and well-being of Indigenous Peoples.

    Katz, Alan / Brownell, Marni

    CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne

    2019  Volume 191, Issue 25, Page(s) E714

    MeSH term(s) Child ; Female ; Humans ; Indigenous Peoples ; Manitoba ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Care ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-24
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 215506-0
    ISSN 1488-2329 ; 0008-4409 ; 0820-3946
    ISSN (online) 1488-2329
    ISSN 0008-4409 ; 0820-3946
    DOI 10.1503/cmaj.72120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Reducing child mortality in high-income countries: where to from here?

    Brownell, Marni / Enns, Jennifer

    Lancet (London, England)

    2018  Volume 391, Issue 10134, Page(s) 1968–1969

    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child Mortality ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Humans ; Income ; Infant Mortality
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30938-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Screening for intimate partner violence in the early postpartum period: Maternal and child health and social outcomes from birth to 5-years post-delivery.

    Taillieu, Tamara L / Brownridge, Douglas A / Brownell, Marni

    Child abuse & neglect

    2020  Volume 111, Page(s) 104865

    Abstract: Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a substantial public health concern, yet little is known about the developmental trajectory of these women and their children after birth.: Objective: The objective was to examine ... ...

    Abstract Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a substantial public health concern, yet little is known about the developmental trajectory of these women and their children after birth.
    Objective: The objective was to examine maternal and child health as well as social outcomes from birth to 5-years post-delivery associated with a positive (vs. negative) maternal IPV screen around the time of delivery.
    Participants and setting: Manitoban women giving birth to a live singleton infant from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2006 were followed from birth to 5-years post-delivery (analytic sample: N = 40,051).
    Methods: Administrative databases from the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy provided data for the study. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to examine relationships between IPV screen response around the time of birth (i.e., current, or history of, violence between parenting partners) with maternal and child health as well as social outcomes.
    Results: Women screening positive for IPV had increased odds of diagnosed mood/anxiety disorders, personality disorders, substance use disorders, diabetes, respiratory morbidity, and intentional/non-intentional injury hospitalizations (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] range 1.81-5.59, p < .01). Children of women screening positive for IPV had increased odds of diagnosed attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, lower respiratory infections, and injury hospitalizations (AOR range 1.53-2.00, p < .01), child welfare organization contact (AOR = 8.84, p <  .01), and of being more developmentally vulnerable at kindergarten across domains of functioning (AOR range 1.69-1.93, p <  .01) than children of mothers screening negative for IPV.
    Conclusion: A positive IPV screen was associated with poorer maternal and child health, increased child and family services contact, and children being more developmentally vulnerable in the 5-years after delivery.
    MeSH term(s) Brain Abscess ; Child Health ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Intimate Partner Violence/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Postpartum Period/physiology ; Pregnancy ; Social Participation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 799143-5
    ISSN 1873-7757 ; 0145-2134
    ISSN (online) 1873-7757
    ISSN 0145-2134
    DOI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104865
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Do Patterns of Early Disease Severity Predict Grade 12 Academic Achievement in Youths With Childhood-Onset Chronic Rheumatic Diseases?

    Lim, Lily S H / Ekuma, Okechukwu / Marrie, Ruth A / Brownell, Marni / Peschken, Christine A / Hitchon, Carol A / Gerhold, Kerstin / Lix, Lisa M

    The Journal of rheumatology

    2023  Volume 50, Issue 9, Page(s) 1165–1172

    Abstract: Objective: To test the association of early disease severity with grade 12 standards test performance in individuals with childhood-onset chronic rheumatic diseases (ChildCRDs), including juvenile arthritis and systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.: ...

    Abstract Objective: To test the association of early disease severity with grade 12 standards test performance in individuals with childhood-onset chronic rheumatic diseases (ChildCRDs), including juvenile arthritis and systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
    Methods: We used linked provincial administrative data to identify patients with ChildCRDs born between 1979 and 1998 in Manitoba, Canada. Primary outcomes were Language and Arts Achievement Index (LAI) scores and Math Achievement Index (MAI) scores from grade 12 standards test results as well as enrollment data. The secondary outcome was enrollment in grade 12 by 17 years of age. Latent class trajectory analysis identified disease severity groups using physician visits following diagnosis. Multivariable linear regression tested the association of disease severity groups with LAI and MAI scores, and logistic regression tested the association of disease severity with age-appropriate enrollment, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and psychiatric morbidities.
    Results: The study cohort included 541 patients, 70.1% of whom were female. A 3-class trajectory model provided the best fit; it classified 9.7% of patients as having severe disease, 54.5% as having moderate disease, and 35.8% as having mild disease. After covariate adjustment, severe disease was associated with poorer LAI and MAI scores but not with age-appropriate enrollment.
    Conclusion: Among patients with ChildCRDs, those with severe disease performed more poorly on grade 12 standards tests, independent of sociodemographic and psychiatric risk factors. Clinicians should work with educators and policy makers to advocate for supports to improve educational outcomes of patients with ChildCRDs.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Female ; Adolescent ; Male ; Academic Success ; Rheumatic Diseases/epidemiology ; Morbidity ; Achievement ; Patient Acuity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 194928-7
    ISSN 1499-2752 ; 0315-162X
    ISSN (online) 1499-2752
    ISSN 0315-162X
    DOI 10.3899/jrheum.220656
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Acute health care use among children during the first 2.5 years of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada: a population-based repeated cross-sectional study.

    Iskander, Carina / Stukel, Therese A / Diong, Christina / Guan, Jun / Saunders, Natasha / Cohen, Eyal / Brownell, Marni / Mahar, Alyson / Shulman, Rayzel / Gandhi, Sima / Guttmann, Astrid

    CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne

    2024  Volume 196, Issue 1, Page(s) E1–E13

    Abstract: Background: The effects of the decline in health care use at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of children are unclear. We sought to estimate changes in rates of severe and potentially preventable health outcomes among children during the ...

    Abstract Background: The effects of the decline in health care use at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of children are unclear. We sought to estimate changes in rates of severe and potentially preventable health outcomes among children during the pandemic.
    Methods: We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study of children aged 0-17 years using linked population health administrative and disease registry data from January 2017 through August 2022 in Ontario, Canada. We compared observed rates of emergency department visits and hospital admissions during the pandemic to predicted rates based on the 3 years preceding the pandemic. We evaluated outcomes among children and neonates overall, among children with chronic health conditions and among children with specific diseases sensitive to delays in care.
    Results: All acute care use for children decreased immediately at the onset of the pandemic, reaching its lowest rate in April 2020 for emergency department visits (adjusted relative rate [RR] 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28-0.29) and hospital admissions (adjusted RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.42-0.44). These decreases were sustained until September 2021 and May 2022, respectively. During the pandemic overall, rates of all-cause mortality, admissions for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions, newborn readmissions or emergency department visits or hospital admissions among children with chronic health conditions did not exceed predicted rates. However, after declining significantly between March and May 2020, new presentations of diabetes mellitus increased significantly during most of 2021 (peak adjusted RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.28-1.74 in July 2021) and much of 2022. Among these children, presentations for diabetic ketoacidosis were significantly higher than expected during the pandemic overall (adjusted RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.00-1.30). We observed similar time trends for new presentations of cancer, but we observed no excess presentations of severe cancer overall (adjusted RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.62-1.34).
    Interpretation: In the first 30 months of the pandemic, disruptions to care were associated with important delays in new diagnoses of diabetes but not with other acute presentations of select preventable conditions or with mortality. Mitigation strategies in future pandemics or other health system disruptions should include education campaigns around important symptoms in children that require medical attention.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Ontario/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Neoplasms ; Delivery of Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-15
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 215506-0
    ISSN 1488-2329 ; 0008-4409 ; 0820-3946
    ISSN (online) 1488-2329
    ISSN 0008-4409 ; 0820-3946
    DOI 10.1503/cmaj.221726
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Screening for partner violence in the early postpartum period: are we missing families most at risk of experiencing violence?

    Taillieu, Tamara L / Brownridge, Douglas A / Brownell, Marni

    Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique

    2019  Volume 111, Issue 2, Page(s) 286–296

    Abstract: Objectives: In Manitoba, government policy is for public health nurses to screen families with newborns within 1-week post-discharge for risk factors associated with poor child developmental health. The purpose of this study was to compare the ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: In Manitoba, government policy is for public health nurses to screen families with newborns within 1-week post-discharge for risk factors associated with poor child developmental health. The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of families who are screened for intimate partner violence (IPV) with families without a documented response to an IPV screen item. This information can be used to help identify and target families in need of support whose needs are not being met within the current system.
    Methods: Manitoban women giving birth to a live singleton in the province from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2006 were included in the analyses (N = 52,710). Data were part of a larger research study following these families for several years to examine longer-term developmental outcomes. Administrative databases from the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy provided data for the study. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to examine relationships between IPV screen status and socio-demographic covariates and birth outcomes.
    Results: In the study population, 66.7% of the sample were screened for IPV. Women less than 20 years of age, not in married or common-law unions, and living in lower income areas were less likely to have a documented response to the IPV screen item. A low number of prenatal care visits, prenatal mental health problems, and prenatal substance use, as well as premature and low birthweight delivery, were associated with a decreased likelihood of having a documented response to the IPV screen item.
    Conclusion: Incorporating violence screening into routine prenatal and postnatal care, rather than only screening women after birth, may help to better identify families with unmet needs and ensure more timely referrals to positive strengths-based supports and services.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Manitoba ; Mass Screening ; Nurses, Public Health ; Postpartum Period ; Risk Assessment ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 417262-0
    ISSN 1920-7476 ; 0008-4263
    ISSN (online) 1920-7476
    ISSN 0008-4263
    DOI 10.17269/s41997-019-00266-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: The Mental Health of First Nations Children in Manitoba: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study Using Linked Administrative Data: La santé mentale des enfants des Premières Nations au Manitoba : une étude de cohorte rétrospective dans la population, à l'aide de données administratives liées.

    Chartier, Mariette J / Brownell, Marni / Star, Leona / Murdock, Nora / Campbell, Rhonda / Phillips-Beck, Wanda / Horton, Mabel / Meade, Chelsey / Au, Wendy / Schultz, Jennifer / Bowes, John-Michael / Cochrane, Brooke

    Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie

    2024  , Page(s) 7067437241226998

    Abstract: Objective: First Nations children face a greater risk of experiencing mental disorders than other children from the general population because of family and societal factors, yet there is little research examining their mental health. This study ... ...

    Abstract Objective: First Nations children face a greater risk of experiencing mental disorders than other children from the general population because of family and societal factors, yet there is little research examining their mental health. This study compares diagnosed mental disorders and suicidal behaviours of First Nations children living on-reserve and off-reserve to all other children living in Manitoba.
    Method: The research team, which included First Nations and non-First Nations researchers, utilized population-based administrative data that linked de-identified individual-level records from the 2016 First Nations Research File to health and social information for children living in Manitoba. Adjusted rates and rate ratios of mental disorders and suicide behaviours were calculated using a generalized linear modelling approach to compare First Nations children (
    Results: Compared with all other children, First Nations children had a higher prevalence of schizophrenia (adjusted rate ratio (aRR): 4.42, 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.36 to 5.82), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; aRR: 1.21, 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.33), substance use disorders (aRR: 5.19; 95% CI, 4.25 to 6.33), hospitalizations for suicide attempts (aRR: 6.96; 95% CI, 4.36 to 11.13) and suicide deaths (aRR: 10.63; 95% CI, 7.08 to 15.95). The prevalence of ADHD and mood/anxiety disorders was significantly higher for First Nations children living off-reserve compared with on-reserve; in contrast, hospitalization rates for suicide attempts were twice as high on-reserve than off-reserve. When the comparison cohort was restricted to only other children in low-income areas, a higher prevalence of almost all disorders remained for First Nations children.
    Conclusion: Large disparities were found in mental health indicators between First Nations children and other children in Manitoba, demonstrating that considerable work is required to improve the mental well-being of First Nations children. Equitable access to culturally safe services is urgently needed and these services should be self-determined, planned, and implemented by First Nations people.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 304227-3
    ISSN 1497-0015 ; 0008-4824 ; 0706-7437
    ISSN (online) 1497-0015
    ISSN 0008-4824 ; 0706-7437
    DOI 10.1177/07067437241226998
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