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  1. Article ; Online: Improving visual search in instruction manuals using pictograms.

    Kovačević, Dorotea / Brozović, Maja / Možina, Klementina

    Ergonomics

    2016  Volume 59, Issue 11, Page(s) 1405–1419

    Abstract: Instruction manuals provide important messages about the proper use of a product. They should communicate in such a way that they facilitate users' searches for specific information. Despite the increasing research interest in visual search, there is a ... ...

    Abstract Instruction manuals provide important messages about the proper use of a product. They should communicate in such a way that they facilitate users' searches for specific information. Despite the increasing research interest in visual search, there is a lack of empirical knowledge concerning the role of pictograms in search performance during the browsing of a manual's pages. This study investigates how the inclusion of pictograms improves the search for the target information. Furthermore, it examines whether this search process is influenced by the visual similarity between the pictograms and the searched for information. On the basis of eye-tracking measurements, as objective indicators of the participants' visual attention, it was found that pictograms can be a useful element of search strategy. Another interesting finding was that boldface highlighting is a more effective method for improving user experience in information seeking, rather than the similarity between the pictorial and adjacent textual information. Implications for designing effective user manuals are discussed. Practitioner Summary: Users often view instruction manuals with the aim of finding specific information. We used eye-tracking technology to examine different manual pages in order to improve the user's visual search for target information. The results indicate that the use of pictograms and bold highlighting of relevant information facilitate the search process.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Attention ; Audiovisual Aids ; Cognition ; Eye Movement Measurements ; Eye Movements ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Manuals as Topic ; Visual Perception ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1920-3
    ISSN 1366-5847 ; 0014-0139
    ISSN (online) 1366-5847
    ISSN 0014-0139
    DOI 10.1080/00140139.2016.1142123
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Mechanism of gain modulation at single neuron and network levels.

    Brozović, M / Abbott, L F / Andersen, R A

    Journal of computational neuroscience

    2008  Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 158–168

    Abstract: Gain modulation, in which the sensitivity of a neural response to one input is modified by a second input, is studied at single-neuron and network levels. At the single neuron level, gain modulation can arise if the two inputs are subject to a direct ... ...

    Abstract Gain modulation, in which the sensitivity of a neural response to one input is modified by a second input, is studied at single-neuron and network levels. At the single neuron level, gain modulation can arise if the two inputs are subject to a direct multiplicative interaction. Alternatively, these inputs can be summed in a linear manner by the neuron and gain modulation can arise, instead, from a nonlinear input-output relationship. We derive a mathematical constraint that can distinguish these two mechanisms even though they can look very similar, provided sufficient data of the appropriate type are available. Previously, it has been shown in coordinate transformation studies that artificial neurons with sigmoid transfer functions can acquire a nonlinear additive form of gain modulation through learning-driven adjustment of synaptic weights. We use the constraint derived for single-neuron studies to compare responses in this network with those of another network model based on a biologically inspired transfer function that can support approximately multiplicative interactions.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Computer Simulation ; Fixation, Ocular/physiology ; Haplorhini ; Models, Neurological ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Sound Localization/physiology ; Visual Perception/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-01-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1230659-9
    ISSN 1573-6873 ; 0929-5313
    ISSN (online) 1573-6873
    ISSN 0929-5313
    DOI 10.1007/s10827-007-0070-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Sickle cell disease.

    Brozovic, M

    The Practitioner

    1982  Volume 226, Issue 1368, Page(s) 1009

    MeSH term(s) Anemia, Sickle Cell/epidemiology ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/therapy ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Publishing date 1982-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 124095-x
    ISSN 0032-6518
    ISSN 0032-6518
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  4. Article: Mechanisms of deep vein thrombosis: a review.

    Brozović, M

    Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

    1979  Volume 72, Issue 8, Page(s) 602–605

    MeSH term(s) Blood Circulation ; Blood Coagulation Disorders/physiopathology ; Blood Vessels/pathology ; Endothelium ; Fibrinolysis ; Humans ; Protease Inhibitors/blood ; Thrombophlebitis/pathology
    Chemical Substances Protease Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 1979-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 6731-3
    ISSN 1758-1095 ; 0141-0768 ; 0035-9157
    ISSN (online) 1758-1095
    ISSN 0141-0768 ; 0035-9157
    DOI 10.1177/014107687907200811
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  5. Article: Oral anticoagulants in clinical practice.

    Brozović, M

    Seminars in hematology

    1978  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 27–34

    MeSH term(s) Administration, Oral ; Anticoagulants/administration & dosage ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/drug therapy ; Drug Interactions ; Hemorrhage/chemically induced ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control ; Prothrombin Time ; Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy ; Thromboembolism/drug therapy ; Thromboembolism/prevention & control ; Warfarin/administration & dosage ; Warfarin/adverse effects ; Warfarin/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants ; Warfarin (5Q7ZVV76EI)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1978-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 206923-4
    ISSN 1532-8686 ; 0037-1963
    ISSN (online) 1532-8686
    ISSN 0037-1963
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  6. Article: Physiological mechanisms in coagulation and fibrinolysis.

    Brozović, M

    British medical bulletin

    1977  Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 231–238

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antithrombins/metabolism ; Blood Coagulation/drug effects ; Blood Vessels/physiology ; Chronic Disease ; Epinephrine/pharmacology ; Factor VIII/metabolism ; Factor XII/metabolism ; Fibrinolysis/drug effects ; Hemostasis, Surgical ; Hormones/pharmacology ; Humans ; Receptors, Adrenergic/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Antithrombins ; Hormones ; Receptors, Adrenergic ; Factor VIII (9001-27-8) ; Factor XII (9001-30-3) ; Epinephrine (YKH834O4BH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1977-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 213294-1
    ISSN 1471-8391 ; 0007-1420
    ISSN (online) 1471-8391
    ISSN 0007-1420
    DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071441
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  7. Article: A nonparametric quantification of neural response field structures.

    Brozović, Marina / Andersen, Richard A

    Neuroreport

    2006  Volume 17, Issue 10, Page(s) 963–967

    Abstract: The response fields of higher cortical neurons are usually approximated with smooth mathematical functions for the purpose of population parameterization or theoretical modeling. We used instead two nonparametric methods (principal component analysis and ...

    Abstract The response fields of higher cortical neurons are usually approximated with smooth mathematical functions for the purpose of population parameterization or theoretical modeling. We used instead two nonparametric methods (principal component analysis and independent component analysis), which provided a basis for the response field clustering. Although both methods performed satisfactorily, the principal component analysis space is more straightforward to calculate. It also gave a clear preference toward the smallest number of functional response field classes. Clustering was performed with both K-means and superparamagnetic clustering algorithms with similar results. We also show that the shapes of the eigenvectors remain consistent regardless of the response field data sets size. This finding reflects the fact that the response fields were generated by the same neural network and encode the same underlying process.
    MeSH term(s) Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology ; Cluster Analysis ; Humans ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/physiology ; Principal Component Analysis/methods ; Sensation/physiology ; Statistics, Nonparametric
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-07-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1049746-8
    ISSN 1473-558X ; 0959-4965
    ISSN (online) 1473-558X
    ISSN 0959-4965
    DOI 10.1097/01.wnr.0000223384.49919.28
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Annotation: Oral anticoagulants, vitamin K and prothrombin complex factors.

    Brozovic, M

    British journal of haematology

    1976  Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) 9–12

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anticoagulants/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dogs ; Humans ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; Prothrombin/metabolism ; Vitamin K/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants ; Protein Precursors ; Vitamin K (12001-79-5) ; Prothrombin (9001-26-7) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1976-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80077-6
    ISSN 1365-2141 ; 0007-1048
    ISSN (online) 1365-2141
    ISSN 0007-1048
    DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1976.tb01869.x
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  9. Article ; Online: Gain mechanisms for contextually guided visuomotor transformations.

    Brozović, Marina / Gail, Alexander / Andersen, Richard A

    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

    2007  Volume 27, Issue 39, Page(s) 10588–10596

    Abstract: A prevailing question in sensorimotor research is the integration of sensory signals with abstract behavioral rules (contexts) and how this results in decisions about motor actions. We used neural network models to study how context-specific visuomotor ... ...

    Abstract A prevailing question in sensorimotor research is the integration of sensory signals with abstract behavioral rules (contexts) and how this results in decisions about motor actions. We used neural network models to study how context-specific visuomotor remapping may depend on the functional connectivity among multiple layers. Networks were trained to perform different rotational visuomotor associations, depending on the stimulus color (a nonspatial context signal). In network I, the context signal was propagated forward through the network (bottom-up), whereas in network II, it was propagated backwards (top-down). During the presentation of the visual cue stimulus, both networks integrate the context with the sensory information via a mechanism similar to the classic gain field. The recurrence in the networks hidden layers allowed a simulation of the multimodal integration over time. Network I learned to perform the proper visuomotor transformations based on a context-modulated memory of the visual cue in its hidden layer activity. In network II, a brief visual response, which was driven by the sensory input, is quickly replaced by a context-modulated motor-goal representation in the hidden layer. This happens because of a dominant feedback signal from the output layer that first conveys context information, and then, after the disappearance of the visual cue, conveys motor goal information. We also show that the origin of the context information is not necessarily closely tied to the top-down feedback. However, we suggest that the predominance of motor-goal representations found in the parietal cortex during context-specific movement planning might be the consequence of strong top-down feedback originating from within the parietal lobe or from the frontal lobe.
    MeSH term(s) Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Humans ; Learning/physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Saccades
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-08-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604637-x
    ISSN 1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
    ISSN (online) 1529-2401
    ISSN 0270-6474
    DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2685-07.2007
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  10. Article: ABC of transfusion. Transfusion of red cells.

    Davies, S C / Brozovic, M

    BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    1990  Volume 300, Issue 6719, Page(s) 248–252

    MeSH term(s) Anemia/therapy ; Blood Transfusion/methods ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Transfusion Reaction
    Chemical Substances Hemoglobins
    Language English
    Publishing date 1990-01-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1362901-3
    ISSN 1756-1833 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    ISSN (online) 1756-1833
    ISSN 0959-8138 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    DOI 10.1136/bmj.300.6719.248
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