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  1. Article ; Online: Synchrotron intensity gradient revealing magnetic fields in galaxy clusters.

    Hu, Yue / Stuardi, C / Lazarian, A / Brunetti, G / Bonafede, A / Ho, Ka Wai

    Nature communications

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 1006

    Abstract: Magnetic fields and their dynamical interplay with matter in galaxy clusters contribute to the physical properties and evolution of the intracluster medium. However, the current understanding of the origin and properties of cluster magnetic fields is ... ...

    Abstract Magnetic fields and their dynamical interplay with matter in galaxy clusters contribute to the physical properties and evolution of the intracluster medium. However, the current understanding of the origin and properties of cluster magnetic fields is still limited by observational challenges. In this article, we map the magnetic fields at hundreds-kpc scales of five clusters RXC J1314.4-2515, Abell 2345, Abell 3376, MCXC J0352.4-7401, and El Gordo using the synchrotron intensity gradient technique in conjunction with high-resolution radio observations from the Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) and the Karoo Array Telescope (MeerKAT). We demonstrate that the magnetic field orientation of radio relics derived from synchrotron intensity gradient is in agreement with that obtained with synchrotron polarization. Most importantly, the synchrotron intensity gradient is not limited by Faraday depolarization in the cluster central regions and allows us to map magnetic fields in the radio halos of RXC J1314.4-2515 and El Gordo. We find that magnetic fields in radio halos exhibit a preferential direction along the major merger axis and show turbulent structures at higher angular resolution. The results are consistent with expectations from numerical simulations, which predict turbulent magnetic fields in cluster mergers that are stirred and amplified by matter motions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-024-45164-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Editorial: Insights in bone research: 2022.

    Brunetti, Giacomina / Tobias, Jonathan H

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1292931

    MeSH term(s) Bone and Bones ; Bone Density
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2023.1292931
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Book ; Online: Updates on Osteoimmunology: What's New on the Crosstalk Between Bone and Immune Cells

    Brunetti, Giacomina / D'Amelio, Patrizia / Mori, Giorgio / Felicia Faienza, Maria

    2020  

    Keywords Medicine ; Endocrinology ; osteoimmunology ; immune cell ; osteoclast ; osteoblast ; osteocyte
    Size 1 electronic resource (170 pages)
    Publisher Frontiers Media SA
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT021230772
    ISBN 9782889636136 ; 2889636135
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  4. Article: Editorial: Insights in bone research 2021.

    Tobias, Jonathan H / Brunetti, Giacomina

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 979276

    MeSH term(s) Bone and Bones ; Humans ; Hypophosphatasia ; Rickets
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2022.979276
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Tumor Necrosis Factor Family Members and Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: State of the Art and Therapeutic Implications.

    Galeone, Antonella / Grano, Maria / Brunetti, Giacomina

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 5

    Abstract: Ischemic heart disease is the principal cause of death worldwide and clinically manifests as myocardial infarction (MI), stable angina, and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Myocardial infarction is defined as an irreversible injury due to severe and prolonged ... ...

    Abstract Ischemic heart disease is the principal cause of death worldwide and clinically manifests as myocardial infarction (MI), stable angina, and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Myocardial infarction is defined as an irreversible injury due to severe and prolonged myocardial ischemia inducing myocardial cell death. Revascularization is helpful in reducing loss of contractile myocardium and improving clinical outcome. Reperfusion rescues myocardium from cell death but also induces an additional injury called ischemia-reperfusion injury. Multiple mechanisms are involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury, such as oxidative stress, intracellular calcium overload, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and inflammation. Various members of the tumor necrosis factor family play a key role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this article, the role of TNFα, CD95L/CD95, TRAIL, and the RANK/RANKL/OPG axis in the regulation of myocardial tissue damage is reviewed together with their potential use as a therapeutic target.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Myocardial Ischemia/metabolism ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Myocardial Infarction/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Family ; Necrosis/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms24054606
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: An in-depth analysis of Markov-Chain Monte Carlo ensemble samplers for inverse vadose zone modeling

    Brunetti, Giuseppe / Šimůnek, Jiří / Wöhling, Thomas / Stumpp, Christine

    Journal of Hydrology. 2023 Sept., v. 624 p.129822-

    2023  

    Abstract: This study elucidates the behavior of Markov-Chains Monte Carlo ensemble samplers for vadose zone inverse modeling by performing an in-depth comparison of four algorithms that use Affine-Invariant (AI) moves or Differential Evolution (DE) strategies to ... ...

    Abstract This study elucidates the behavior of Markov-Chains Monte Carlo ensemble samplers for vadose zone inverse modeling by performing an in-depth comparison of four algorithms that use Affine-Invariant (AI) moves or Differential Evolution (DE) strategies to approximate the target density. Two Rosenbrock toy distributions, and one synthetic and one actual case study focusing on the inverse estimation of soil hydraulic parameters using HYDRUS-1D, are used to compare samplers in different dimensions d. The analysis reveals that an ensemble with N=d+1 chains evolved using DE-based strategies converges to the wrong stationary posterior, while AI does not suffer from this issue but exhibits delayed convergence. DE-based samplers regain their ergodic properties when using N≥2d chains. Increasing the number of chains above this threshold has only minor effects on the samplers’ performance, while initializing the ensemble in a high-likelihood region facilitates its convergence. AI strategies exhibit shorter autocorrelation times in the 7d synthetic vadose zone scenario, while DE-based samplers outperform them when the number of soil parameters increases to 16 in the actual scenario. All evaluation metrics degrade as d increases, thus suggesting that sampling strategies based only on interpolation between chains tend to become inefficient when the bulk of the posterior lays in increasingly small portions of the parameters’ space.
    Keywords Markov chain ; autocorrelation ; case studies ; soil ; vadose zone ; Markov-chain Monte Carlo ; Ensemble samplers ; Differential evolution ; Affine invariant
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-09
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1473173-3
    ISSN 1879-2707 ; 0022-1694
    ISSN (online) 1879-2707
    ISSN 0022-1694
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129822
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: In Vivo and In Vitro Models for the Study of Bone Remodeling and the Role of Immune Cells.

    Brunetti, Giacomina / Grano, Maria

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2021  Volume 2325, Page(s) 97–106

    Abstract: Immune and bone cells cross talk has been established by different years; however the underlying mechanisms require continuous investigation. To this end both in vivo and in vitro models have been realized and some of this are described in this chapter. ... ...

    Abstract Immune and bone cells cross talk has been established by different years; however the underlying mechanisms require continuous investigation. To this end both in vivo and in vitro models have been realized and some of this are described in this chapter. In particular, here we described the animal models used for the understanding of lymphocyte role in bone homeostasis, together with some in vitro models.
    MeSH term(s) Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Bone Remodeling ; Cell Line ; Collagen Type I/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Mice ; Osteocalcin/metabolism ; Osteoclasts/metabolism ; Osteocytes/metabolism ; Osteogenesis ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase/metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
    Chemical Substances Collagen Type I ; Osteocalcin (104982-03-8) ; Alkaline Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-1507-2_7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Experimental and simulated microplastics transport in saturated natural sediments: Impact of grain size and particle size.

    Li, Wang / Brunetti, Giuseppe / Zafiu, Christian / Kunaschk, Marco / Debreczeby, Monika / Stumpp, Christine

    Journal of hazardous materials

    2024  Volume 468, Page(s) 133772

    Abstract: Microplastics (MPs) present in terrestrial environments show potential leaching risk to deeper soil layers and aquifer systems, which threaten soil health and drinking water supply. However, little is known about the environmental fate of MPs in natural ... ...

    Abstract Microplastics (MPs) present in terrestrial environments show potential leaching risk to deeper soil layers and aquifer systems, which threaten soil health and drinking water supply. However, little is known about the environmental fate of MPs in natural sediments. To examine the MPs transport mechanisms in natural sediments, column experiments were conducted using different natural sediments and MPs (10-150 µm) with conservative tracer. Particle breakthrough curves (BTCs) and retention profiles (RPs) were numerically interpreted in HYDRUS-1D using three different models to identify the most plausible deposition mechanism of MPs. Results show that the retention efficiency for a given particle size increased with decreasing grain size, and RPs exacerbated their hyper-exponential shape in finer sediments. Furthermore, the amounts of MPs present in the effluent increased to over 85 % as MPs size decreased to 10-20 µm in both gravel and coarse sand columns, while all larger MPs (125-150 µm) were retained in the coarse sand column. The modeling results suggested that the blocking mechanism becomes more important with increasing particle sizes. In particular, the attachment-detachment without blocking was the most suited parameterization to interpret the movement of small MPs, while a depth-dependent blocking approach was necessary to adequately describe the fate of larger particles.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1491302-1
    ISSN 1873-3336 ; 0304-3894
    ISSN (online) 1873-3336
    ISSN 0304-3894
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133772
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Validation of a sub-epidermal moisture scanner for early detection of pressure ulcers in an ex vivo porcine model of localized oedema.

    Brunetti, G / Patton, D / Moore, Z / Palomeque-Chavez, J C / O'Brien, F J / Boyle, C J

    Journal of tissue viability

    2023  Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) 508–515

    Abstract: Pressure ulcers (PUs) remain a chronic health problem with severe impacts on healthcare systems. Early detection is crucial to providing effective interventions. However, detecting PUs currently relies on subjective tissue evaluations, such as visual ... ...

    Abstract Pressure ulcers (PUs) remain a chronic health problem with severe impacts on healthcare systems. Early detection is crucial to providing effective interventions. However, detecting PUs currently relies on subjective tissue evaluations, such as visual skin assessment, precluding interventions prior to the development of visible tissue damage. There is an unmet need for solutions that can detect early tissue damage before visual and tactile signs occur. Assessments based on sub-epidermal moisture (SEM) measurements represent an opportunity for robust and objective early detection of PUs, preventing broken skin PUs in more high-risk patients at high-risk anatomical locations. While SEM assessment technology has been validated in computational, bench and tissue phantom models, validation in soft tissue was absent. In this study, we successfully validated the ability of a commercially available SEM assessment device to measure and detect sub-epidermal moisture changes in a novel ex vivo porcine soft tissue model of localised oedema. When controlled and incremental fluid volumes (Phosphate Buffer Solution) were injected into porcine soft tissues, statistically significant differences were found in SEM values between fluid-injected sites, representing an inflammatory oedematous condition, and healthy tissue control sites, as measured by the SEM device. The device provided reproducible readings by detecting localised oedema changes in soft tissues, reflecting the build-up of fluid as small as 1 ml into the underlying tissue. Spatial characterization experiments described the ability of the device technology to differentiate between healthy and oedematous tissue. Our findings validate the use of SEM assessment technology to measure and quantify localized oedema.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Swine ; Animals ; Pressure Ulcer/diagnosis ; Pressure Ulcer/prevention & control ; Epidermis ; Skin ; Edema/diagnosis ; Suppuration
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1282604-2
    ISSN 0965-206X
    ISSN 0965-206X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jtv.2023.06.008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4357: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
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  10. Article ; Online: Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: Mechanisms and Impact of Technologies on Comorbidities and Life Expectancy.

    Urbano, Flavia / Farella, Ilaria / Brunetti, Giacomina / Faienza, Maria Felicia

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 15

    Abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood, with a progressively increasing incidence. T1D management requires lifelong insulin treatment and ongoing health care support. The main goal of treatment is to maintain blood ... ...

    Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood, with a progressively increasing incidence. T1D management requires lifelong insulin treatment and ongoing health care support. The main goal of treatment is to maintain blood glucose levels as close to the physiological range as possible, particularly to avoid blood glucose fluctuations, which have been linked to morbidity and mortality in patients with T1D. Indeed, the guidelines of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) recommend a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level < 53 mmol/mol (<7.0%) for young people with T1D to avoid comorbidities. Moreover, diabetic disease strongly influences the quality of life of young patients who must undergo continuous monitoring of glycemic values and the administration of subcutaneous insulin. In recent decades, the development of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems improved the metabolic control and the quality of life of T1D patients. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) combined with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices connected to smartphones represent a good therapeutic option, especially in young children. In this literature review, we revised the mechanisms of the currently available technologies for T1D in pediatric age and explored their effect on short- and long-term diabetes-related comorbidities, quality of life, and life expectation.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Quality of Life ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; Insulin Infusion Systems ; Insulin/therapeutic use ; Life Expectancy
    Chemical Substances Hypoglycemic Agents ; Blood Glucose ; Insulin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms241511980
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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