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Article ; Online: Attractors and bifurcation diagrams in complex climate models.

Brunetti, Maura / Ragon, Charline

2023 Volume 107, Issue 5-1, Page(s) 54214

Abstract: The climate is a complex nonequilibrium dynamical system that relaxes toward a steady state under the continuous input of solar radiation and dissipative mechanisms. The steady state is not necessarily unique. A useful tool to describe the possible ... ...

Abstract	The climate is a complex nonequilibrium dynamical system that relaxes toward a steady state under the continuous input of solar radiation and dissipative mechanisms. The steady state is not necessarily unique. A useful tool to describe the possible steady states under different forcing is the bifurcation diagram, which reveals the regions of multistability, the position of tipping points, and the range of stability of each steady state. However, its construction is highly time consuming in climate models with a dynamical deep ocean, whose relaxation time is of the order of thousand years, or other feedback mechanisms that act on even longer time scales, like continental ice or carbon cycle. Using a coupled setup of the MIT general circulation model, we test two techniques for the construction of bifurcation diagrams with complementary advantages and reduced execution time. The first is based on the introduction of random fluctuations in the forcing and permits to explore a wide part of phase space. The second reconstructs the stable branches using estimates of the internal variability and of the surface energy imbalance on each attractor, and is more precise in finding the position of tipping points.
MeSH term(s)	Climate Models ; Climate
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2844562-4
ISSN	2470-0053 ; 2470-0045
ISSN (online)	2470-0053
ISSN	2470-0045
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevE.107.054214
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Article ; Online: Two statistical regimes in the transition to filamentation.

Gomel, A / Gaulier, G / Eeltink, D / Brunetti, M / Kasparian, J

Optics express

2023 Volume 31, Issue 6, Page(s) 9973–9980

Abstract: We experimentally investigate fluctuations in the spectrum of ultrashort laser pulses propagating in air, close to the critical power for filamentation. Increasing the laser peak power broadens the spectrum while the beam approaches the filamentation ... ...

Abstract	We experimentally investigate fluctuations in the spectrum of ultrashort laser pulses propagating in air, close to the critical power for filamentation. Increasing the laser peak power broadens the spectrum while the beam approaches the filamentation regime. We identify two regimes for this transition: In the center of the spectrum, the output spectral intensity increases continuously. In contrast, on the edges of the spectrum the transition implies a bimodal probability distribution function for intermediate incident pulse energies, where a high-intensity mode appears and grows at the expense of the original low-intensity mode. We argue that this dual behavior prevents the definition of a univoquial threshold for filamentation, shedding a new light on the long-standing lack of explicit definition of the boundary of the filamentation regime.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491859-6
ISSN	1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
ISSN (online)	1094-4087
ISSN	1094-4087
DOI	10.1364/OE.483042
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Article ; Online: Impact of the introduction of minimally invasive treatments of the thyroid (MITT) for benign thyroid nodules in an Italian hospital: a cost-minimization analysis.

Papi, Giampaolo / Novizio, Roberto / Brunetti, Massimo / Mauri, Giovanni

Endocrine

2023 Volume 82, Issue 1, Page(s) 126–133

Abstract: Background: Prevalence of thyroid nodules is high in the adult population, approaching 60% in women and older people. Most thyroid nodules are benign and asymptomatic. However, a not negligible part of them causes compressive symptoms and/or cosmetic ... ...

Abstract	Background: Prevalence of thyroid nodules is high in the adult population, approaching 60% in women and older people. Most thyroid nodules are benign and asymptomatic. However, a not negligible part of them causes compressive symptoms and/or cosmetic concerns and need to be treated. In the last two decades, minimally-invasive treatments of the thyroid (MITT) have been proposed in routine clinical practice as a reliable cost-effective alternative to surgery in patients with symptomatic benign thyroid nodules (SBTNs). Aim of the study: To perform a cost-minimization analysis comparing direct, indirect and intangible costs of radiofrequency (RFA) and laser thermal ablation (LTA) with traditional surgery in patients with SBTNs. Methods: Data of patients treated by MITT for SBTNs from October 1st 2019 to September 30th 2022 in a single Italian tertiary Center were analyzed. Costs were compared to those of traditional surgery reported in the 2022 Associazione Medici Endocrinologi Guidelines on the Management of SBTNs. Results: In the study lapse, 157 MITT of SBTNs were performed in 148 patients, 114 females and 34 males (mean age: 59 yrs; median age: 57 yrs). Before MITT, the mean thyroid nodule volume was 19 ml; 1 year after MITT, volume reduction rate >50% and symptom relief were achieved in 89% and 93% of patients, respectively. No major complications occurred. Adding up pre-operative, operative and post-operative costs, total direct costs per single procedure are the following: 1361.43 € for LTA when using one optic fiber; 1761.43 € for LTA when using two optic fibers; 1968.53 € for RFA; 3338.39 € for hemithyroidectomy plus isthmectomy; 4034.99 € for total thyroidectomy. Surgery was impactful on direct-i.e., preoperative, operative and postoperative-costs, due to longer operating room occupation time and hospital stay. Overall, a total saving for the Italian National Health Service of 285,377.15 € has been obtained treating the 148 patients by MITT instead of surgery. Likewise, MITT was advantageous also for indirect costs-i.e., those related to "loss of productivity" caused by time off work due to hospital stay and recovery time-, for both the self-employed workers and the Government, the latter saving 53,838.50 € overall. Finally, intangible costs, related to patients' quality of life-e.g., residual surgical scar, stress related to general anesthesia, convalescence, and life-long intake of L-Thyroxine replacement therapy-were all in favor of MITT. Conclusions: This real-life cost-minimization analysis demonstrates that LTA and RFA are safe and cost-effective procedures for the treatment of SBTNs. In our 3 years experience, adding the savings of 285,377.15 € for direct costs to those of 53.838,50 € for indirect costs, in total 339,215.65 € were saved. The saving concern patients, the National Health System and the Government.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Thyroid Nodule/surgery ; Quality of Life ; State Medicine ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Catheter Ablation/methods ; Hospitals ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1194484-5
ISSN	1559-0100 ; 1355-008X ; 0969-711X
ISSN (online)	1559-0100
ISSN	1355-008X ; 0969-711X
DOI	10.1007/s12020-023-03403-w
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Article ; Online: Density Estimation by Drilling Resistance Technique to Determine the Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Wooden Members in Historic Structures

Brunetti, Michele / Aminti, Giovanni / Vicario, Margherita / Nocetti, Michela

Forests. 2023 May 26, v. 14, no. 6

2023

Abstract: 1) The assessment of the mechanical properties of old timber is essential for the proper maintenance of wooden structures. (2) Among the non-destructive properties, the dynamic modulus of elasticity is one of the best predictors of the mechanical ... ...

Abstract	(1) The assessment of the mechanical properties of old timber is essential for the proper maintenance of wooden structures. (2) Among the non-destructive properties, the dynamic modulus of elasticity is one of the best predictors of the mechanical characteristics of the members, but it requires the determination of wood density to be determined. (3) Thus, wood density was estimated by drilling resistance measurements, developing species-specific prediction equations for silver fir, chestnut and poplar. (4) The estimated density was combined with the stress wave velocity propagating longitudinally through the wooden piece, and the dynamic modulus of elasticity was calculated. (5) Medium-high coefficient determinations (R² from 0.79 to 0.94) were found for density estimation, and medium coefficient determinations (R² from 0.53 to 0.60) were found for the estimation of the static modulus of elasticity using the dynamic modulus.
Keywords	Abies alba ; Castanea ; Populus ; modulus of elasticity ; prediction ; wood density
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0526
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2527081-3
ISSN	1999-4907
ISSN	1999-4907
DOI	10.3390/f14061107
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Is Self-Employment for Migrants? Evidence from Italy

Brunetti, Marianna / Zaiceva, Anzelika

2023

Abstract: Using a unique Italian dataset covering the period 2004-2020, we assess the immigrant-native gap in entrepreneurship and investigate channels behind it. The data allows us to account for many observable characteristics as well as for risk aversion, which ...

Abstract	Using a unique Italian dataset covering the period 2004-2020, we assess the immigrant-native gap in entrepreneurship and investigate channels behind it. The data allows us to account for many observable characteristics as well as for risk aversion, which is usually not observed, yet crucial for the self-employment decision. Unlike most of the existing empirical literature, we find that immigrants in Italy are less likely to be self-employed. The negative gap is confirmed when propensity score matching methodology is used. Heterogeneity analysis suggests that the negative gap is larger for men, for economic migrants and those coming from Sub-Saharan Africa, while it is not significant for mixed immigrant-native couples, for highly skilled, and for migrants from Asia and Oceania. The largest gap is found for those working in the agricultural sector. Regarding additional channels, we explore the role of access to credit, including the informal one, and whether migrants are credit constrained, as well as the importance of migrant networks, easiness of doing business, and expenditures on services for migrants. Despite finding significant correlations between self-employment and some of these factors, none of them seem to decrease the magnitude of the negative gap.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; F22 ; J21 ; O15 ; J15 ; immigrants ; self-employment ; gender ; intermarriage ; propensity score matching
Subject code	331
Language	English
Publisher	Essen: Global Labor Organization (GLO)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Is Self-Employment for Migrants? Evidence from Italy

Brunetti, Marianna / Zaiceva, Anzelika

2023

Abstract	Using a unique Italian dataset covering the period 2004-2020, we assess the immigrant-native gap in entrepreneurship and investigate channels behind it. The data allows us to account for many observable characteristics as well as for risk aversion, which is usually not observed, yet crucial for the self-employment decision. Unlike most of the existing empirical literature, we find that immigrants in Italy are less likely to be self-employed. The negative gap is confirmed when propensity score matching methodology is used. Heterogeneity analysis suggests that the negative gap is larger for men, for economic migrants and those coming from Sub-Saharan Africa, while it is not significant for mixed immigrant-native couples, for highly skilled, and for migrants from Asia and Oceania. The largest gap is found for those working in the agricultural sector. Regarding additional channels, we explore the role of access to credit, including the informal one, and whether migrants are credit constrained, as well as the importance of migrant networks, easiness of doing business, and expenditures on services for migrants. Despite finding significant correlations between self-employment and some of these factors, none of them seem to decrease the magnitude of the negative gap.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; F22 ; J21 ; O15 ; J15 ; immigrants ; self-employment ; gender ; intermarriage ; propensity score matching
Subject code	331
Language	English
Publisher	Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mathematical modelling of clonal reduction therapeutic strategies in acute myeloid leukemia.

Brunetti, Mia / Iasenza, Isabella A / Jenner, Adrianne L / Raynal, Noël J-M / Eppert, Kolja / Craig, Morgan

Leukemia research

2024 Volume 140, Page(s) 107485

Abstract: Over the years, the overall survival of older patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not significantly increased. Although standard cytotoxic therapies that rapidly eliminate dividing myeloblasts are used to induce remission, relapse ... ...

Abstract	Over the years, the overall survival of older patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not significantly increased. Although standard cytotoxic therapies that rapidly eliminate dividing myeloblasts are used to induce remission, relapse can occur due to surviving therapy-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Hence, anti-LSC strategies have become a key target to cure AML. We have recently shown that previously approved cardiac glycosides and glucocorticoids target LSC-enriched CD34
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology ; Models, Theoretical ; Cytarabine/therapeutic use ; Cytarabine/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Cytarabine (04079A1RDZ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	752396-8
ISSN	1873-5835 ; 0145-2126
ISSN (online)	1873-5835
ISSN	0145-2126
DOI	10.1016/j.leukres.2024.107485
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Book ; Online: Attractors and bifurcation diagrams in complex climate models

Brunetti, Maura / Ragon, Charline

2022

Abstract: The climate is a complex non-equilibrium dynamical system that relaxes toward a steady state under the continuous input of solar radiation and dissipative mechanisms. The steady state is not necessarily unique. A useful tool to describe the possible ... ...

Abstract	The climate is a complex non-equilibrium dynamical system that relaxes toward a steady state under the continuous input of solar radiation and dissipative mechanisms. The steady state is not necessarily unique. A useful tool to describe the possible steady states under different forcing is the bifurcation diagram, that reveals the regions of multi-stability, the position of tipping points, and the range of stability of each steady state. However, its construction is highly time consuming in climate models with a dynamical deep ocean, interactive ice sheets or carbon cycle, where the relaxation time becomes larger than thousand years. Using a coupled setup of MITgcm, we test two techniques with complementary advantages. The first is based on the introduction of random fluctuations in the forcing and permits to explore a wide part of phase space. The second reconstructs the stable branches and is more precise in finding the position of tipping points. Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, Supplemental Material, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E
Keywords	Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ; Physics - Computational Physics ; Physics - Geophysics
Subject code	612
Publishing date	2022-11-03
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Co-existing climate attractors in a coupled aquaplanet

Brunetti, M / Kasparian, J / Vérard, C

Climate dynamics. 2019 Nov., v. 53, no. 9-10

2019

Abstract: The first step in exploring the properties of dynamical systems like the Earth climate is to identify the different phase space regions where the trajectories asymptotically evolve, called ‘attractors’. In a given system, multiple attractors can co-exist ...

Abstract	The first step in exploring the properties of dynamical systems like the Earth climate is to identify the different phase space regions where the trajectories asymptotically evolve, called ‘attractors’. In a given system, multiple attractors can co-exist under the effect of the same forcing. At the boundaries of their basins of attraction, small changes produce large effects. Therefore, they are key regions for understanding the system response to perturbations. Here we prove the existence of up to five attractors in a simplified climate system where the planet is entirely covered by the ocean (aquaplanet). These attractors range from a snowball to a hot state without sea ice, and their exact number depends on the details of the coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice configuration. We characterise each attractor by describing the associated climate feedbacks, by using the principal component analysis, and by measuring quantities borrowed from the study of dynamical systems, namely instantaneous dimension and persistence.
Keywords	basins ; climate ; principal component analysis ; sea ice
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-11
Size	p. 6293-6308.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1471747-5
ISSN	1432-0894 ; 0930-7575
ISSN (online)	1432-0894
ISSN	0930-7575
DOI	10.1007/s00382-019-04926-7
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: High-resolution analysis of 1-day extreme precipitation in a wet area centered over eastern Liguria, Italy

Brunetti, M / A. Bertolini / M. Maugeri / M. Soldati

Theoretical and applied climatology. 2019 Jan., v. 135, no. 1-2

2019

Abstract: This study analyses 371 yearly series of 1-day precipitation maxima extracted from a data set of high-quality homogenized rain gauge records covering an area of about 25,000 km2 in the western part of northern-central Italy that includes eastern Liguria ... ...

Abstract	This study analyses 371 yearly series of 1-day precipitation maxima extracted from a data set of high-quality homogenized rain gauge records covering an area of about 25,000 km2 in the western part of northern-central Italy that includes eastern Liguria and northern Tuscany and is very prone to severe floods and shallow landslides. Return levels of 1-day extreme precipitation (corresponding to 10-, 50-, and 100-year return periods as predicted by a generalized extreme value distribution (GEV)) are estimated both for station sites and for the nodes of a high-resolution grid (30 arcsec). GEV parameters are estimated by regional frequency analysis using the station-year approach. Grid-point index floods are estimated from yearly cumulative precipitation normals exploiting the very high correlation existing at local scale between station index flood and the corresponding yearly precipitation normals. Results clearly show the high vulnerability of this region to extreme precipitation events and highlight the different role played by total annual precipitation normals and by both scale and shape parameters in regulating the longer period return levels. The results presented in this paper allow better estimating the climatology of extreme events in the study area, contributing to a more effective hazard assessment at different spatial and temporal scales.
Keywords	atmospheric precipitation ; climatology ; data collection ; floods ; hazard characterization ; landslides ; rain gauges ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-01
Size	p. 341-353.
Publishing place	Springer Vienna
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1463177-5
ISSN	1434-4483 ; 0177-798X
ISSN (online)	1434-4483
ISSN	0177-798X
DOI	10.1007/s00704-018-2380-1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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