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  1. Article ; Online: Erratum to: Fast and accurate multi-channel B1+ mapping based on the TIAMO technique for 7 Tesla UHF body MRI (Magn Reson Med 2018;79:2652-2664).

    Brunheim, S / Gratz, M / Johst, S / Bitz, A K / Fiedler, T M / Ladd, M E / Quick, H H / Orzada, S

    Magnetic resonance in medicine

    2023  Volume 91, Issue 4, Page(s) 1735

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 605774-3
    ISSN 1522-2594 ; 0740-3194
    ISSN (online) 1522-2594
    ISSN 0740-3194
    DOI 10.1002/mrm.29868
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Reasoning about the implications of facial expressions: a behavioral and fMRI study on low and high social impact.

    Prochnow, D / Brunheim, S / Steinhäuser, L / Seitz, R J

    Brain and cognition

    2014  Volume 90, Page(s) 165–173

    Abstract: Inferring the cause of another person's emotional state is relevant for guiding behavior in social interactions. With respect to their potentially evoked behavioral reactions some emotional states like anger or happiness are considered to have high ... ...

    Abstract Inferring the cause of another person's emotional state is relevant for guiding behavior in social interactions. With respect to their potentially evoked behavioral reactions some emotional states like anger or happiness are considered to have high social impact while others such as fear and sadness have low social impact. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study to map the brain activation patterns related to reasoning about facial expressions of emotions with high or low social impact in twenty-six healthy volunteers with good emotional competence, self-reported empathy, and explicit facial affect recognition abilities. Our data show that empathic reasoning was faster and more accurate for high impact emotional states than for low impact emotional states. Activated brain areas involved brain circuits associated with basic and higher order empathy and decision-making in the dorsomedial and dorsolateral frontal cortex. However, activation in higher order areas was less during reasoning about emotional states of high social impact. Taken together, reasoning of high and low impact emotional states relied on similar empathy-related brain areas with reasoning about emotional states of low social impact being more erroneous and requiring more cognitive resources.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Decision Making/physiology ; Emotions/physiology ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Social Perception ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 603163-8
    ISSN 1090-2147 ; 0278-2626
    ISSN (online) 1090-2147
    ISSN 0278-2626
    DOI 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.07.004
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  3. Article ; Online: Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Conjugated with Monomethyl Auristatin E Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Mouse Model.

    Krzyscik, Mateusz A / Zakrzewska, Malgorzata / Sørensen, Vigdis / Øy, Geir Frode / Brunheim, Skjalg / Haugsten, Ellen M / Mælandsmo, Gunhild M / Wiedlocha, Antoni / Otlewski, Jacek

    Biomacromolecules

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 10, Page(s) 4169–4180

    Abstract: Worldwide, cancer is the second leading cause of death. Regardless of the continuous progress in medicine, we still do not have a fully effective anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, the search for new targeted anti-cancer drugs is still an unmet need. Here, ... ...

    Abstract Worldwide, cancer is the second leading cause of death. Regardless of the continuous progress in medicine, we still do not have a fully effective anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, the search for new targeted anti-cancer drugs is still an unmet need. Here, we present novel protein-drug conjugates that inhibit tumor growth in a mouse model of human breast cancer. We developed conjugates based on fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) with improved biophysical and biological properties for the efficient killing of cancer cells overproducing fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). We used hydrophilic and biocompatible PEG4 or PEG27 molecules as a spacer between FGF2 and the toxic agent monomethyl auristatin E. All conjugates exhibited a cytotoxic effect on FGFR1-positive cancer cell lines. The conjugate with the highest hydrodynamic size (42 kDa) and cytotoxicity was found to efficiently inhibit tumor growth in a mouse model of human breast cancer.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; Humans ; Mice ; Oligopeptides
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents ; Oligopeptides ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (103107-01-3) ; monomethyl auristatin E (V7I58RC5EJ)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1526-4602
    ISSN (online) 1526-4602
    DOI 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00662
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  4. Article: Reasoning about the implications of facial expressions

    Prochnow, D. / Brunheim, S. / Steinhäuser, L. / Seitz, R. J.

    Brain and Cognition

    A behavioral and fMRI study on low and high social impact

    2014  Volume 90, Page(s) 165–173

    Abstract: Studied brain activation patterns involved in empathic reasoning regarding emotional facial expressions. 26 participants (mean age 38 years) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing a series of varying emotional facial ... ...

    Title translation Über die Bedeutung von Gesichtsausdrücken nachdenken: Eine behaviorale und fMRT-Studie zu geringem und hohem sozialen Einfluss
    Abstract Studied brain activation patterns involved in empathic reasoning regarding emotional facial expressions. 26 participants (mean age 38 years) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing a series of varying emotional facial expressions. Participants then had to select one of four brief descriptions involving varying high or low social impact situations relating to the expression. Other pre- or postexperimental assessments included the Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), a German version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (SPF), the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (Eyes Test), and the Difficulty Controlled Emotion Recognition Test (DCERT). Results showed that empathic reasoning was both quicker and more accurate for high-impact emotional states than for low-impact states. fMRI data showed activation in the dorsomedial and dorsolateral frontal cortex during empathic reasoning, brain areas which are involved in both basic and higher order empathy and decision-making. However, reasoning about emotional states involving lower impact situations resulted in increased activation of higher order areas. In summary, although similar empathy-related brain areas were found to be involved during empathic reasoning about others' emotional high- or low-impact states, reasoning regarding lower impact emotional states appears to require additional cognitive effort.
    Keywords Bildgebende Verfahren ; Cerebral Blood Flow ; Emotional States ; Emotionale Zustände ; Empathie ; Empathy ; Facial Expressions ; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie ; Gesichtsausdruck ; Neuroimaging ; Reasoning ; Schlussfolgerndes Denken ; Social Cognition ; Soziale Kognition ; Theory of Mind ; Zerebrale Durchblutung
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 603163-8
    ISSN 1090-2147 ; 0278-2626
    ISSN (online) 1090-2147
    ISSN 0278-2626
    DOI 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.07.004
    Database PSYNDEX

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  5. Article ; Online: Variable slice thickness (VAST) EPI for the reduction of susceptibility artifacts in whole-brain GE-EPI at 7 Tesla.

    Brunheim, Sascha / Johst, Sören / Pfaffenrot, Viktor / Maderwald, Stefan / Quick, Harald H / Poser, Benedikt A

    Magma (New York, N.Y.)

    2017  Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) 591–607

    Abstract: Objective: A new technique for 2D gradient-recalled echo echo-planar imaging (GE-EPI) termed 'variable slice thickness' (VAST) is proposed, which reduces signal losses caused by through-slice susceptibility artifacts, while keeping the volume repetition ...

    Abstract Objective: A new technique for 2D gradient-recalled echo echo-planar imaging (GE-EPI) termed 'variable slice thickness' (VAST) is proposed, which reduces signal losses caused by through-slice susceptibility artifacts, while keeping the volume repetition time (TR) manageable. The slice thickness is varied across the brain, with thinner slices being used in the inferior brain regions where signal voids are most severe.
    Materials and methods: Various axial slice thickness schemes with identical whole-brain coverage were compared to regular EPI, which may either suffer from unfeasibly long TR if appropriately thin slices are used throughout, or signal loss if no counter-measures are taken. Evaluation is based on time-course signal-to-noise (tSNR) maps from resting state data and a statistical group-level region of interest (ROI) analysis on breath-hold fMRI measurements.
    Results: The inferior brain region signal voids with static B0 inhomogeneities could be markedly reduced with VAST GE-EPI in contrast to regular GE-EPI. ROI-averaged event-related signal changes showed 48% increase in VAST compared to GE-EPI with regular "thick" slices. tSNR measurements proved the comparable signal robustness of VAST in comparison to regular GE-EPI with thin slices.
    Conclusion: A novel acquisition strategy for functional 2D GE-EPI at ultrahigh magnetic field is presented to reduce susceptibility-induced signal voids and keep TR sufficiently short for whole-brain coverage.
    MeSH term(s) Artifacts ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Brain Mapping/statistics & numerical data ; Breath Holding ; Echo-Planar Imaging/methods ; Echo-Planar Imaging/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Time Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1160826-2
    ISSN 1352-8661 ; 0968-5243
    ISSN (online) 1352-8661
    ISSN 0968-5243
    DOI 10.1007/s10334-017-0641-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: 7T ultra-high field body MR imaging with an 8-channel transmit/32-channel receive radiofrequency coil array.

    Rietsch, Stefan H G / Orzada, Stephan / Maderwald, Stefan / Brunheim, Sascha / Philips, Bart W J / Scheenen, Tom W J / Ladd, Mark E / Quick, Harald H

    Medical physics

    2018  Volume 45, Issue 7, Page(s) 2978–2990

    Abstract: Purpose: In this work, a combined body coil array with eight transmit/receive (Tx/Rx) meander elements and with 24 receive-only (Rx) loops (8Tx/32Rx) was developed and evaluated in comparison with an 8-channel transmit/receive body array (8Tx/Rx) based ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: In this work, a combined body coil array with eight transmit/receive (Tx/Rx) meander elements and with 24 receive-only (Rx) loops (8Tx/32Rx) was developed and evaluated in comparison with an 8-channel transmit/receive body array (8Tx/Rx) based on meander elements serving as the reference standard.
    Methods: Systematic evaluation of the RF array was performed on a body-sized phantom. Body imaging at 7T was performed in six volunteers in the body regions pelvis, abdomen, and heart. Coil characteristics such as signal-to-noise ratio, acceleration capability, g-factors, S-parameters, noise correlation, and B1+ maps were assessed. Safety was ensured by numerical simulations using a coil model validated by dosimetric field measurements.
    Results: Meander elements and loops are intrinsically well decoupled with a maximum coupling value of -20.5 dB. Safe use of the 8Tx/32Rx array could be demonstrated. High gain in signal-to-noise ratio (33% in the subject's center) could be shown for the 8Tx/32Rx array compared to the 8Tx/Rx array. Improvement in acceleration capability in all investigations could be demonstrated. For example, the 8Tx/32Rx array provides lower g-factors in the right-left and anterior-posterior directions with R = 3 undersampling as compared to the 8Tx/Rx array using R = 2. Both arrays are very similar regarding their RF transmit performance. Excellent image quality in the investigated body regions could be achieved with the 8Tx/32Rx array.
    Conclusion: In this work, we show that a combination of eight meander elements and 24 loop receive elements is possible without impeding transmit performance. Improved SNR and g-factor performance compared to an RF array without these loops is demonstrated. Body MRI at 7T with the 8Tx/32Rx array could be accomplished in the heart, abdomen, and pelvis with excellent image quality.
    MeSH term(s) Equipment Design ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation ; Radio Waves ; Safety ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 188780-4
    ISSN 2473-4209 ; 0094-2405
    ISSN (online) 2473-4209
    ISSN 0094-2405
    DOI 10.1002/mp.12931
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  7. Article ; Online: An 8/15-channel Tx/Rx head neck RF coil combination with region-specific B

    Pfaffenrot, Viktor / Brunheim, Sascha / Rietsch, Stefan H G / Koopmans, Peter J / Ernst, Thomas M / Kraff, Oliver / Orzada, Stephan / Quick, Harald H

    Magnetic resonance in medicine

    2018  Volume 80, Issue 3, Page(s) 1252–1265

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Algorithms ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebellum/diagnostic imaging ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Neuroimaging/instrumentation ; Neuroimaging/methods ; Radio Waves ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Software
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605774-3
    ISSN 1522-2594 ; 0740-3194
    ISSN (online) 1522-2594
    ISSN 0740-3194
    DOI 10.1002/mrm.27125
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Processing of subliminal facial expressions of emotion: a behavioral and fMRI study.

    Prochnow, D / Kossack, H / Brunheim, S / Müller, K / Wittsack, H-J / Markowitsch, H-J / Seitz, R J

    Social neuroscience

    2013  Volume 8, Issue 5, Page(s) 448–461

    Abstract: The recognition of emotional facial expressions is an important means to adjust behavior in social interactions. As facial expressions widely differ in their duration and degree of expressiveness, they often manifest with short and transient expressions ... ...

    Abstract The recognition of emotional facial expressions is an important means to adjust behavior in social interactions. As facial expressions widely differ in their duration and degree of expressiveness, they often manifest with short and transient expressions below the level of awareness. In this combined behavioral and fMRI study, we aimed at examining whether or not consciously accessible (subliminal) emotional facial expressions influence empathic judgments and which brain activations are related to it. We hypothesized that subliminal facial expressions of emotions masked with neutral expressions of the same faces induce an empathic processing similar to consciously accessible (supraliminal) facial expressions. Our behavioral data in 23 healthy subjects showed that subliminal emotional facial expressions of 40 ms duration affect the judgments of the subsequent neutral facial expressions. In the fMRI study in 12 healthy subjects it was found that both, supra- and subliminal emotional facial expressions shared a widespread network of brain areas including the fusiform gyrus, the temporo-parietal junction, and the inferior, dorsolateral, and medial frontal cortex. Compared with subliminal facial expressions, supraliminal facial expressions led to a greater activation of left occipital and fusiform face areas. We conclude that masked subliminal emotional information is suited to trigger processing in brain areas which have been implicated in empathy and, thereby in social encounters.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Brain/blood supply ; Brain/physiology ; Emotions/physiology ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Judgment/physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Oxygen/blood ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Photic Stimulation ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2234411-1
    ISSN 1747-0927 ; 1747-0919
    ISSN (online) 1747-0927
    ISSN 1747-0919
    DOI 10.1080/17470919.2013.812536
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  9. Article ; Online: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of visuomotor processing in a virtual reality-based paradigm: Rehabilitation Gaming System.

    Prochnow, D / Bermúdez i Badia, S / Schmidt, J / Duff, A / Brunheim, S / Kleiser, R / Seitz, R J / Verschure, P F M J

    The European journal of neuroscience

    2013  Volume 37, Issue 9, Page(s) 1441–1447

    Abstract: The Rehabilitation Gaming System (RGS) has been designed as a flexible, virtual-reality (VR)-based device for rehabilitation of neurological patients. Recently, training of visuomotor processing with the RGS was shown to effectively improve arm function ... ...

    Abstract The Rehabilitation Gaming System (RGS) has been designed as a flexible, virtual-reality (VR)-based device for rehabilitation of neurological patients. Recently, training of visuomotor processing with the RGS was shown to effectively improve arm function in acute and chronic stroke patients. It is assumed that the VR-based training protocol related to RGS creates conditions that aid recovery by virtue of the human mirror neuron system. Here, we provide evidence for this assumption by identifying the brain areas involved in controlling the catching of approaching colored balls in the virtual environment of the RGS. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging of 18 right-handed healthy subjects (24 ± 3 years) in both active and imagination conditions. We observed that the imagery of target catching was related to activation of frontal, parietal, temporal, cingulate and cerebellar regions. We interpret these activations in relation to object processing, attention, mirror mechanisms, and motor intention. Active catching followed an anticipatory mode, and resulted in significantly less activity in the motor control areas. Our results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis underlying RGS that this novel neurorehabilitation approach engages human mirror mechanisms that can be employed for visuomotor training.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anticipation, Psychological ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Humans ; Imagination ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mirror Neurons/physiology ; Psychomotor Performance ; User-Computer Interface
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-05
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 645180-9
    ISSN 1460-9568 ; 0953-816X
    ISSN (online) 1460-9568
    ISSN 0953-816X
    DOI 10.1111/ejn.12157
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  10. Article ; Online: Fast and accurate multi-channel B1+ mapping based on the TIAMO technique for 7T UHF body MRI.

    Brunheim, Sascha / Gratz, Marcel / Johst, Sören / Bitz, Andreas K / Fiedler, Thomas M / Ladd, Mark E / Quick, Harald H / Orzada, Stephan

    Magnetic resonance in medicine

    2017  Volume 79, Issue 5, Page(s) 2652–2664

    Abstract: Purpose: Current methods for mitigation of transmit field B1+ inhomogeneities at ultrahigh field (UHF) MRI by multi-channel radiofrequency (RF) shimming rely on accurate B1+ mapping. This can be time consuming when many RF channels have to be mapped for ...

    Abstract Purpose: Current methods for mitigation of transmit field B1+ inhomogeneities at ultrahigh field (UHF) MRI by multi-channel radiofrequency (RF) shimming rely on accurate B1+ mapping. This can be time consuming when many RF channels have to be mapped for in vivo body MRI, where the B
    Methods: The performance of this technique is validated against an established method (DREAM) in phantom measurements for a cylindrical head phantom with an 8-channel transmit/receive (Tx/Rx) array. Furthermore, measurements for a 32-channel Tx/Rx remote array are conducted in a large body phantom and the |B1+| map reliability is validated against simulations of the transmit RF field distribution. Finally, in vivo results of this new mapping technique for human abdomen are presented.
    Results: For the head phantom (8-channel Tx/Rx coil), the single |B1+| comparison between B
    Conclusion: The results demonstrate the potential to acquire 32 accurate single-channel B1+ maps for large field-of-view body imaging within only a single breath-hold of 16 s at 7T UHF MRI. Magn Reson Med 79:2652-2664, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
    MeSH term(s) Equipment Design ; Head/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Kidney/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Reproducibility of Results ; Whole Body Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-10-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 605774-3
    ISSN 1522-2594 ; 0740-3194
    ISSN (online) 1522-2594
    ISSN 0740-3194
    DOI 10.1002/mrm.26925
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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