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  1. Article: Impact of an Infant Friendly Business Designation.

    Hilliard, Elizabeth / Brunt, Ardith

    Health promotion practice

    2018  Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) 642–653

    Abstract: In response to suboptimal breastfeeding rates, North Dakota added a provision to SB 2344 (public indecency legislation) creating an Infant Friendly business designation for employers providing specified lactation accommodations to employees. However, ... ...

    Abstract In response to suboptimal breastfeeding rates, North Dakota added a provision to SB 2344 (public indecency legislation) creating an Infant Friendly business designation for employers providing specified lactation accommodations to employees. However, there has been no evaluation of this designation to determine effectiveness. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of the Infant Friendly business designation in North Dakota on breastfeeding continuation rates within the context of the social ecological model (SEM). Between November 2016 and March 2017, an 85-item online questionnaire, designed using the SEM, was distributed to working women across the state using various sampling methods. T tests, analysis of variance, and regression were used to analyze results. Designated (intervention) and nondesignated (control) businesses were targeted. There was no statistically significant difference in breastfeeding duration between designated and nondesignated businesses. There was a 2-month difference in duration between continually designated businesses and those with lapsing designations. Twenty-eight percent of the women working for Infant Friendly businesses were aware that their businesses were designated, indicating a lack of awareness regarding the designation. The designation is a starting point for worksite breastfeeding support. A policy promotion plan based on the SEM targeting individual awareness and employee education may improve the designation's effectiveness.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Breast Feeding ; Commerce ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Promotion/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Mothers/psychology ; North Dakota ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Women, Working/psychology ; Workplace ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2036801-X
    ISSN 1552-6372 ; 1524-8399
    ISSN (online) 1552-6372
    ISSN 1524-8399
    DOI 10.1177/1524839918807442
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: From 25 Fractions to Five: How Hypofractionation has Revolutionised Adjuvant Breast Radiotherapy.

    Yarnold, J R / Brunt, A M / Chatterjee, S / Somaiah, N / Kirby, A M

    Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))

    2022  Volume 34, Issue 5, Page(s) 332–339

    Abstract: There is a sound empirical basis for hypofractionation in radiotherapy for breast cancer. This article reviews the radiobiological implications of hypofractionation in breast cancer derived from a series of clinical trials that began when 50 Gy in 25 ... ...

    Abstract There is a sound empirical basis for hypofractionation in radiotherapy for breast cancer. This article reviews the radiobiological implications of hypofractionation in breast cancer derived from a series of clinical trials that began when 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks was commonplace. These trials led first to 40 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks and, subsequently, to 26 Gy in five fractions over 1 week being adopted as standards of care for many patients prescribed whole- or partial-breast radiotherapy after primary surgery.
    MeSH term(s) Breast ; Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Radiation Dose Hypofractionation ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1036844-9
    ISSN 1433-2981 ; 0936-6555
    ISSN (online) 1433-2981
    ISSN 0936-6555
    DOI 10.1016/j.clon.2022.03.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Trastuzumab infusion reactions in breast cancer. Should we routinely observe after the first dose?

    Price, L / Brunt, A M

    European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice

    2017  Volume 25, Issue 6, Page(s) 331–333

    Abstract: Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is used in neoadjuvant, adjuvant and metastatic breast cancer. Infusion reactions are a common side effect most of which are mild and easily managed, anaphylaxis occurs rarely. The summary of product characteristics recommends ... ...

    Abstract Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is used in neoadjuvant, adjuvant and metastatic breast cancer. Infusion reactions are a common side effect most of which are mild and easily managed, anaphylaxis occurs rarely. The summary of product characteristics recommends observation for 6 hours after the commencement of the first administration; we wanted to evaluate this practice. We assessed first administrations of trastuzumab infusions retrospectively to determine both rate and timing of reactions. Medical and nursing notes of 94 patients who had been prescribed intravenous trastuzumab in 2012 were reviewed; 2 additional patients did not have records available. Fourteen patients received palliative, 73 adjuvant and 7 neoadjuvant trastuzumab.r. Two (2%) had a reaction to trastuzumab occurring at 70 and 80 min from infusion commencement. We did not observe a reaction in the 4.5 hours after the 90 min infusion was complete. We recommend discharge with verbal and written advice immediately after uncomplicated first administration.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2047-9964
    ISSN (online) 2047-9964
    DOI 10.1136/ejhpharm-2016-001155
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: The Effectiveness of Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Individuals with Known Vascular Disease: A Systematic Review.

    Brunt, Alyssa / Albines, David / Hopkins-Rosseel, Diana

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2019  Volume 8, Issue 3

    Abstract: Patients with known vascular disease are at increased risk for cognitive impairments. Exercise has been shown to improve cognition in healthy elderly populations and those with mild cognitive impairments. We explored the literature to understand exercise ...

    Abstract Patients with known vascular disease are at increased risk for cognitive impairments. Exercise has been shown to improve cognition in healthy elderly populations and those with mild cognitive impairments. We explored the literature to understand exercise as a modality to improve cognition in those with vascular disease, focusing on dose-responses. A systematic review was conducted through 2017 using Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane, Ovid Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE databases. Eligible studies examined effects of exercise on memory and cognition in cardiovascular (CVD) or cerebrovascular disease (CBVD). Data extracted included group characteristics, exercise dosage and outcomes measures employed. Twenty-two studies (12 CVD, 10 CBVD) met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included aerobic, resistance, or mixed training, with neuropsychological test batteries assessing cognition. In CVD populations, five studies demonstrated improved cardiovascular fitness and cognition with aerobic training, and another seven studies suggested a dose-response. In CBVD trials, four studies reported improved cognition, with no effects observed in the fifth study. Another study found enhanced cognition with resistance training and four demonstrated a positive association between functional capacity and cognition following combined aerobic and resistance training. Exercise is able to positively affect cognitive performance in those with known vascular disease. There is evidence to suggest a dose⁻response relationship. Further research is required to optimize prescription.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm8030294
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Moving Forward Fast with FAST-Forward.

    Lewis, P / Brunt, A M / Coles, C / Griffin, S / Locke, I / Roques, T

    Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))

    2021  Volume 33, Issue 7, Page(s) 427–429

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1036844-9
    ISSN 1433-2981 ; 0936-6555
    ISSN (online) 1433-2981
    ISSN 0936-6555
    DOI 10.1016/j.clon.2021.04.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Detailed Sub-study Analysis of the SECRAB Trial: Quality of Life, Cosmesis and Chemotherapy Dose Intensity.

    Fernando, I N / Lax, S / Bowden, S J / Ahmed, I / Steven, J H / Churn, M / Brunt, A M / Agrawal, R K / Canney, P / Stevens, A / Rea, D W

    Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))

    2023  Volume 35, Issue 6, Page(s) 397–407

    Abstract: Aims: SECRAB was a prospective, open-label, multicentre, randomised phase III trial comparing synchronous to sequential chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Conducted in 48 UK centres, it recruited 2297 patients (1150 synchronous and 1146 sequential) between 2 July ...

    Abstract Aims: SECRAB was a prospective, open-label, multicentre, randomised phase III trial comparing synchronous to sequential chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Conducted in 48 UK centres, it recruited 2297 patients (1150 synchronous and 1146 sequential) between 2 July 1998 and 25 March 2004. SECRAB reported a positive therapeutic benefit of using adjuvant synchronous CRT in the management of breast cancer; 10-year local recurrence rates reduced from 7.1% to 4.6% (P = 0.012). The greatest benefit was seen in patients treated with anthracycline-cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (CMF) rather than CMF. The aim of its sub-studies reported here was to assess whether quality of life (QoL), cosmesis or chemotherapy dose intensity differed between the two CRT regimens.
    Materials and methods: The QoL sub-study used EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-BR23 and the Women's Health Questionnaire. Cosmesis was assessed: (i) by the treating clinician, (ii) by a validated independent consensus scoring method and (iii) from the patients' perspective by analysing four cosmesis-related QoL questions within the QLQ-BR23. Chemotherapy doses were captured from pharmacy records. The sub-studies were not formally powered; rather, the aim was that at least 300 patients (150 in each arm) were recruited and differences in QoL, cosmesis and dose intensity of chemotherapy assessed. The analysis, therefore, is exploratory in nature.
    Results: No differences were observed in the change from baseline in QoL between the two arms assessed up to 2 years post-surgery (Global Health Status: -0.05; 95% confidence interval -2.16, 2.06; P = 0.963). No differences in cosmesis were observed (via independent and patient assessment) up to 5 years post-surgery. The percentage of patients receiving the optimal course-delivered dose intensity (≥85%) was not significantly different between the arms (synchronous 88% versus sequential 90%; P = 0.503).
    Conclusions: Synchronous CRT is tolerable, deliverable and significantly more effective than sequential, with no serious disadvantages identified when assessing 2-year QoL or 5-year cosmetic differences.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Quality of Life ; Prospective Studies ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; Fluorouracil ; Methotrexate/therapeutic use ; Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use ; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Fluorouracil (U3P01618RT) ; Methotrexate (YL5FZ2Y5U1) ; Cyclophosphamide (8N3DW7272P)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Multicenter Study ; Clinical Trial, Phase III ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1036844-9
    ISSN 1433-2981 ; 0936-6555
    ISSN (online) 1433-2981
    ISSN 0936-6555
    DOI 10.1016/j.clon.2023.03.007
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  7. Article ; Online: Five-fraction Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer: FAST-Forward to Implementation.

    Brunt, A M / Haviland, J S / Kirby, A M / Somaiah, N / Wheatley, D A / Bliss, J M / Yarnold, J R

    Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))

    2021  Volume 33, Issue 7, Page(s) 430–439

    Abstract: Introduction: The phase 3 FAST-Forward trial reported outcomes for 26 and 27 Gy schedules delivered in 5 fractions over 1 week versus 40 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks in 4000 patients. We discuss concerns raised by the radiotherapy community in ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The phase 3 FAST-Forward trial reported outcomes for 26 and 27 Gy schedules delivered in 5 fractions over 1 week versus 40 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks in 4000 patients. We discuss concerns raised by the radiotherapy community in relation to implementing this schedule.
    Ipsilateral breast tumour relapse (ibtr): Published estimated 5-year IBTR with 95% CI after 40 Gy in 15 fractions was 2.1% (95% CI 1.4-3.1), 1.7% (1.2-1.6) after 27 Gy and 1.4% (0.2-2.2) after 26 Gy, emphatically showing non-inferiority of the 5-fraction regimens. Subgroup analyses comparing IBTR in 26 Gy versus 40 Gy show no evidence of differential effect regarding age, grade, pathological tumour size, nodal status, tumour bed boost, adjuvant chemotherapy, HER2 status and triple negative status. The number of events in these analyses is small and results should be interpreted with caution. There was only 1 IBTR event post-mastectomy.
    Normal tissue effects: The 26 Gy schedule, on the basis of similar NTE to 40 Gy in 15 fractions, is the recommended regimen for clinical implementation. There is a low absolute rate of moderate/marked NTE, these are predominantly moderate not severe change. Subgroup analyses comparing clinician-assessed moderate or marked adverse effect for 26 Gy versus 40 Gy show no evidence of differential effects according to age, breast size, surgical deficit, tumour bed boost, or adjuvant chemotherapy.
    Radiobiological considerations: The design of the FAST-Forward trial does not control for time-related effects, and the ability to interpret clinical outcomes in terms of underlying biology is limited. There could conceivably be a time-effect for tumour control. A slight reduction in α/β estimate for the late normal tissue effects of test regimens might be a chance effect, but if real could reflect fewer consequential late effects due to lower rates of moist desquamation.
    Conclusion: The 26 Gy 5-fraction daily regimen for breast radiotherapy can be implemented now.
    MeSH term(s) Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1036844-9
    ISSN 1433-2981 ; 0936-6555
    ISSN (online) 1433-2981
    ISSN 0936-6555
    DOI 10.1016/j.clon.2021.04.016
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  8. Article ; Online: The influence of cartoon character advertising on fruit and vegetable preferences of 9- to 11-year-old children.

    Bezbaruah, Nandita / Brunt, Ardith

    Journal of nutrition education and behavior

    2012  Volume 44, Issue 5, Page(s) 438–441

    Abstract: Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the influence of cartoon characters in preferences of fruit and vegetables among children.: Methods: A 10-item survey was used in this cross-sectional study to determine the factors that ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the influence of cartoon characters in preferences of fruit and vegetables among children.
    Methods: A 10-item survey was used in this cross-sectional study to determine the factors that influence a child's likelihood of eating fruits and vegetables. Seven factors influencing consumption of fruits and vegetables were rank ordered by 218 third- and fourth-grade students.
    Results: Results indicated that the child was more likely to eat fruits or vegetables if they tasted good, followed by whether they were nutritious. Presence of a cartoon character on the label ranked 6 of 7. Sex does not affect the rank order of factors that influence intake of fruits or vegetables.
    Conclusions and implications: Future interventions aimed at increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables should take into consideration such factors that influence intake.
    MeSH term(s) Cartoons as Topic ; Child ; Child Nutrition Sciences/education ; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Food Preferences/psychology ; Fruit ; Humans ; Male ; Psychology, Child ; Vegetables
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1878-2620
    ISSN (online) 1878-2620
    DOI 10.1016/j.jneb.2011.03.139
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  9. Article: Barriers and Strategies for Healthy Food Choices among American Indian Tribal College Students: A Qualitative Analysis.

    Keith, Jill F / Stastny, Sherri / Brunt, Ardith / Agnew, Wanda

    Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

    2017  Volume 118, Issue 6, Page(s) 1017–1026

    Abstract: Background: American Indian and Alaskan Native individuals experience disproportionate levels of chronic health conditions such as type 2 diabetes and overweight and obesity that are influenced by dietary patterns and food choices. Understanding factors ...

    Abstract Background: American Indian and Alaskan Native individuals experience disproportionate levels of chronic health conditions such as type 2 diabetes and overweight and obesity that are influenced by dietary patterns and food choices. Understanding factors that influence healthy food choices among tribal college students can enrich education and programs that target dietary intake.
    Objective: To build an understanding of factors that influence healthy food choices among tribal college students at increased risk for college attrition.
    Design: A nonexperimental cohort design was used for qualitative descriptive analysis.
    Participants/setting: Participants (N=20) were purposively sampled, newly enrolled, academically underprepared tribal college students enrolled in a culturally relevant life skills course at an upper Midwest tribal college between September 2013 and May 2015. Participant demographic characteristics included various tribal affiliations, ages, and number of dependents.
    Main outcome measures: Participant responses to qualitative research questions about dietary intake, food choices, self-efficacy for healthy food choices, psychosocial determinants, and barriers to healthy food choices during telephone interviews were used as measures.
    Analysis: Qualitative analysis included prestudy identification of researcher bias/assumptions, audiorecording and transcription, initial analysis (coding), secondary analysis (sorting and identifying meaning), and verification (comparative pattern analysis).
    Results: Qualitative analysis revealed a variety of themes and subthemes about healthy food choices. Main themes related to barriers included taste, food gathering and preparation, and difficulty clarifying healthy food choices. Main themes related to strategies included taste, cultural traditions and practices, and personal motivation factors.
    Conclusions: Qualitative analysis identified barrier and strategy themes that may assist nutrition and dietetics practitioners working with tribal/indigenous communities, tribal college educators and health specialists, and tribal community health workers who target health and dietary intake of American Indian and Alaskan Native students.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Alaska Natives/psychology ; Female ; Food Preferences/ethnology ; Food Preferences/psychology ; Health Behavior/ethnology ; Humans ; Indians, North American/psychology ; Male ; Qualitative Research ; Self Efficacy ; Students/psychology ; Universities ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-10-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2646718-5
    ISSN 2212-2672
    ISSN 2212-2672
    DOI 10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.003
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  10. Article ; Online: Flaxseed supplementation improved insulin resistance in obese glucose intolerant people: a randomized crossover design.

    Rhee, Yeong / Brunt, Ardith

    Nutrition journal

    2011  Volume 10, Page(s) 44

    Abstract: Background: Obesity leads to an increase in inflammation and insulin resistance. This study determined antioxidant activity of flaxseed and its role in inflammation and insulin resistance in obese glucose intolerant people.: Methods: Using a ... ...

    Abstract Background: Obesity leads to an increase in inflammation and insulin resistance. This study determined antioxidant activity of flaxseed and its role in inflammation and insulin resistance in obese glucose intolerant people.
    Methods: Using a randomized crossover design, nine obese glucose intolerant people consumed 40 g ground flaxseed or 40 g wheat bran daily for 12 weeks with a 4-week washout period. Plasma inflammation biomarkers (CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6), glucose, insulin, and thiobaribituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were measured before and after of each supplementation.
    Results: Flaxseed supplementation decreased TBARS (p = 0.0215) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.0382). Flaxseed or wheat bran supplementation did not change plasma inflammatory biomarkers. A positive relationship was found between TBARS and HOMA-IR (r = 0.62, p = 0.0003).
    Conclusions: The results of the study weakly support that decreased insulin resistance might have been secondary to antioxidant activity of flaxseed. However, the mechanism(s) of decreased insulin resistance by flaxseed should be further determined using flaxseed lignan.
    MeSH term(s) Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Cross-Over Studies ; Diet ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Flax/chemistry ; Glucose Intolerance/drug therapy ; Glycemic Index/drug effects ; Humans ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Interleukin-6/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Plant Preparations ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Seeds/chemistry ; Self Administration ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
    Chemical Substances Antioxidants ; Biomarkers ; Blood Glucose ; Interleukin-6 ; Plant Preparations ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-05-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1475-2891
    ISSN (online) 1475-2891
    DOI 10.1186/1475-2891-10-44
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