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Article ; Online: Phenomenology's place in the philosophy of medicine.

Burch, Matthew

2023 Volume 44, Issue 3, Page(s) 209–227

Abstract: With its rise in popularity, work in the phenomenology of medicine has also attracted its fair share of criticism. One such criticism maintains that, since the phenomenology of medicine does nothing but describe the experience of illness, it offers ... ...

Abstract	With its rise in popularity, work in the phenomenology of medicine has also attracted its fair share of criticism. One such criticism maintains that, since the phenomenology of medicine does nothing but describe the experience of illness, it offers nothing one cannot obtain more easily by deploying simpler qualitative research methods. Fredrik Svenaeus has pushed back against this charge, insisting that the phenomenology of medicine not only describes but also defines illness. Although I agree with Svenaeus's claim that the phenomenology of medicine does more than merely describe what it is like to be ill, once one acknowledges its more far-reaching theoretical aspirations, one sees that it faces an even more difficult set of objections. Taking a cue from recent work by Rebecca Kukla, Russell Powell, and Eric Scarffe, I argue that the phenomenology of medicine could answer these objections by developing an institutional definition of illness. This not only allows the phenomenology of medicine to answer its critics, but it does so in a way that preserves its major achievements and extends its reach within the philosophy of medicine.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Philosophy ; Medicine
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1418481-3
ISSN	1573-0980 ; 1573-1200 ; 1386-7415
ISSN (online)	1573-0980 ; 1573-1200
ISSN	1386-7415
DOI	10.1007/s11017-023-09619-1
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Article ; Online: Multi-scale pore network modelling to evaluate connectivity in ceramic composites.

Schroeder, Joan Widin / Burch, Matthew J / Perez, Mario A

Micron (Oxford, England : 1993)

2023 Volume 176, Page(s) 103556

Abstract: Complex morphologies, such as open or connected feature networks, are present in a wide variety of materials. Characteristics of these networks can impact key performance attributes of the materials themselves, affecting transport properties such as ... ...

Abstract	Complex morphologies, such as open or connected feature networks, are present in a wide variety of materials. Characteristics of these networks can impact key performance attributes of the materials themselves, affecting transport properties such as thermal conductivity. Therefore, it is critical to analyze the microstructure of these materials to gain a better understanding of the fundamental characteristics of the morphology. This study utilized pore network modeling as a method to extract morphological information on the solid network formed by boron nitride ceramic flakes in a polymeric resin matrix and uses the characteristics of the model to analyze the connectivity of the flakes. In this work, Micro-CT and FIB/SEM tomography were used in tandem to provide complimentary analyses of the microstructure and nanostructure, respectively, of the flake network to understand how this may contribute to transport properties of the material. Rather than a pore network model (PNM), the flake network model (FNM) was extracted from the tomographic datasets and the coordination number distribution was determined for the flakes detected in each. Micro-CT analysis showed that the flakes had formed a cage-like network around the exterior of the sample with limited connectivity in the interior, likely due to flake agglomeration at the outer surface of the material. A comparison of the full and interior-only Micro-CT FNMs indicated lower connectivity in the interior. This was confirmed by flow rate models generated from the network analysis for the flake contact points. The FNM extracted from the FIB/SEM tomography dataset exhibited similar connectivity compared to the interior-only FNM, indicating that the connectivity of the material was consistent when measured at the micron scale and at the nanometer scale.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	207808-9
ISSN	1878-4291 ; 0047-7206 ; 0968-4328
ISSN (online)	1878-4291
ISSN	0047-7206 ; 0968-4328
DOI	10.1016/j.micron.2023.103556
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Article ; Online: Objectivity in science and law: A shared rescue strategy.

Burch, Matthew / Furman, Katherine

International journal of law and psychiatry

2019 Volume 64, Page(s) 60–70

Abstract: The ideal of objectivity is in crisis in science and the law, and yet it continues to do important work in both practices. This article describes that crisis and develops a shared rescue strategy for objectivity in both domains. In a recent article, ... ...

Abstract	The ideal of objectivity is in crisis in science and the law, and yet it continues to do important work in both practices. This article describes that crisis and develops a shared rescue strategy for objectivity in both domains. In a recent article, Inkeri Koskinen (2018) attempts to bring unity to the fragmented discourse on objectivity in the philosophy of science with a risk account of objectivity. To put it simply, she argues that we call practitioners, processes, and products of science objective when they identify and manage certain important epistemic risks. We endorse this view and attempt to tailor Koskinen's strategy to the problem of objectivity in the legal context. To do so, we develop a novel notion of phronetic risk, and argue that we call practitioners, processes, and products of law objective when they identify and manage certain important epistemic and/or phronetic risks. Our attempt to rescue objectivity is especially important for work at the intersection of law and psychiatry. For that intersection represents a place where skeptical worries about objectivity in science and law work in tandem to pose serious critical challenges to contemporary practice; and our rescue strategy represents a promising way to negotiate those challenges.
MeSH term(s)	Bias ; Hermeneutics ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Knowledge ; Philosophy ; Psychiatry/legislation & jurisprudence ; Psychiatry/standards ; Risk ; Science/standards
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-26
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	304429-4
ISSN	1873-6386 ; 0160-2527
ISSN (online)	1873-6386
ISSN	0160-2527
DOI	10.1016/j.ijlp.2019.02.004
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Article ; Online: Implications of gnomonic distortion on electron backscatter diffraction and transmission Kikuchi diffraction.

Fancher, Chris M / Burch, Matthew J / Patala, Srikanth / Dickey, Elizabeth C

Journal of microscopy

2022 Volume 285, Issue 2, Page(s) 85–94

Abstract: The effect of gnomonic distortion on orientation indexing of electron backscatter diffraction patterns is explored through simulation of electron diffraction patterns for sample-to-detector geometries associated with transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) ...

Abstract	The effect of gnomonic distortion on orientation indexing of electron backscatter diffraction patterns is explored through simulation of electron diffraction patterns for sample-to-detector geometries associated with transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Simulated data were analysed by computing a similarity index for both Hough transformed data and simulated patterns to determine the sensitivity of each method for detecting subtle differences in the effect of gnomonic distortions on electron diffraction patterns. These results indicate that the increased gnomonic distortions in electron diffraction patterns for a TKD geometry enhance the sensitivity for detecting subtle differences in interband angles. Additionally, the utilisation of a Hough transform-based indexing approach further enhances the sensitivity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219263-9
ISSN	1365-2818 ; 0022-2720
ISSN (online)	1365-2818
ISSN	0022-2720
DOI	10.1111/jmi.13077
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Article ; Online: Transfer efficiency and impact on disease phenotype of differing methods of gut microbiota transfer.

Zhang, Chunye / Shi, Yushu / Burch, Matthew / Olthoff, Benjamin / Ericsson, Aaron C / Franklin, Craig L

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 19621

Abstract: To test causal relationships between complex gut microbiota (GM) and host outcomes, researchers frequently transfer GM between donor and recipient mice via embryo transfer (ET) rederivation, cross-fostering (CF), and co-housing. In this study, we assess ... ...

Abstract	To test causal relationships between complex gut microbiota (GM) and host outcomes, researchers frequently transfer GM between donor and recipient mice via embryo transfer (ET) rederivation, cross-fostering (CF), and co-housing. In this study, we assess the influence of the transfer method and the differences in baseline donor and recipient microbiota richness, on transfer efficiency. Additionally, recipient mice were subjected to DSS-induced chronic colitis to determine whether disease severity was affected by GM transfer efficiency or features within the GM. We found that the recipient's genetic background, the baseline richness of donor and recipient GM, and the transfer method all influenced the GM transfer efficiency. Recipient genetic background and GM both had significant effects on DSS colitis severity and, unexpectedly, the transfer method was strongly associated with differential disease severity regardless of the other factors.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods ; Colitis/chemically induced ; Colitis/genetics ; Phenotype ; Microbiota ; Dextran Sulfate/adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred C57BL
Chemical Substances	Dextran Sulfate (9042-14-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-24014-x
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Article ; Online: From Microanalysis to Atomic Electron Pair Distribution Function (ePDF): Adding Another Degree of Freedom in Analyzing Nanoscale Materials.

Liu, Yang / Buckett, Mary I / Jin, Geng Bang / Burch, Matthew J / Rosas, Alyssa S / Thoma, Grant M / Steinbach, Andy J

Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada

2023 Volume 29, Issue Supplement_1, Page(s) 1750–1751

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1385710-1
ISSN	1435-8115 ; 1431-9276
ISSN (online)	1435-8115
ISSN	1431-9276
DOI	10.1093/micmic/ozad067.905
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Article: Helium Ion Microscopy for Imaging and Quantifying Porosity at the Nanoscale

Burch, Matthew J / Alex Belianinov / Anton V. Ievlev / Holland Hysmith / Kyle Mahady / Olga S. Ovchinnikova / Philip D. Rack

Analytical chemistry. 2018 Jan. 16, v. 90, no. 2

2018

Abstract: Nanoporous materials are key components in a vast number of applications from energy to drug delivery and to agriculture. However, the number of ways to analytically quantify the salient features of these materials, for example: surface structure, pore ... ...

Abstract	Nanoporous materials are key components in a vast number of applications from energy to drug delivery and to agriculture. However, the number of ways to analytically quantify the salient features of these materials, for example: surface structure, pore shape, and size, remain limited. The most common approach is gas absorption, where volumetric gas absorption and desorption are measured. This technique has some fundamental drawbacks such as low sample throughput and a lack of direct surface visualization. In this work, we demonstrate Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM) as a tool for imaging and quantification of pores in industrially relevant SiO2 catalyst supports. We start with the fundamental principles of ion-sample interaction, and build on this knowledge to experimentally observe and quantify surface pores by using the HIM and image data analytics. We contrast our experimental results to gas absorption and demonstrate full statistical agreement between two techniques. The principles behind the theoretical, experimental, and analytical framework presented herein offer an automated framework for visualization and quantification of pore structures in a wide variety of materials.
Keywords	absorption ; automation ; catalysts ; data analysis ; desorption ; drugs ; energy ; helium ; image analysis ; microscopy ; nanopores ; porosity ; silica
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0116
Size	p. 1370-1375.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1508-8
ISSN	1520-6882 ; 0003-2700
ISSN (online)	1520-6882
ISSN	0003-2700
DOI	10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04418
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Article ; Online: Mapping 180° polar domains using electron backscatter diffraction and dynamical scattering simulations.

Burch, Matthew J / Fancher, Chris M / Patala, Srikanth / De Graef, Marc / Dickey, Elizabeth C

Ultramicroscopy

2017 Volume 173, Page(s) 47–51

Abstract: A novel technique, which directly and nondestructively maps polar domains using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is described and demonstrated. Through dynamical diffraction simulations and quantitative comparison to experimental EBSD patterns, ... ...

Abstract	A novel technique, which directly and nondestructively maps polar domains using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is described and demonstrated. Through dynamical diffraction simulations and quantitative comparison to experimental EBSD patterns, the absolute orientation of a non-centrosymmetric crystal can be determined. With this information, the polar domains of a material can be mapped. The technique is demonstrated by mapping the non-ferroelastic, or 180°, ferroelectric domains in periodically poled LiNbO
Language	English
Publishing date	2017
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1479043-9
ISSN	1879-2723 ; 0304-3991
ISSN (online)	1879-2723
ISSN	0304-3991
DOI	10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.11.013
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Article: Direct Write of 3D Nanoscale Mesh Objects with Platinum Precursor via Focused Helium Ion Beam Induced Deposition.

Belianinov, Alex / Burch, Matthew J / Ievlev, Anton / Kim, Songkil / Stanford, Michael G / Mahady, Kyle / Lewis, Brett B / Fowlkes, Jason D / Rack, Philip D / Ovchinnikova, Olga S

Micromachines

2020 Volume 11, Issue 5

Abstract: The next generation optical, electronic, biological, and sensing devices as well as platforms will inevitably extend their architecture into the 3rd dimension to enhance functionality. In focused ion beam induced deposition (FIBID), a helium gas field ... ...

Abstract	The next generation optical, electronic, biological, and sensing devices as well as platforms will inevitably extend their architecture into the 3rd dimension to enhance functionality. In focused ion beam induced deposition (FIBID), a helium gas field ion source can be used with an organometallic precursor gas to fabricate nanoscale structures in 3D with high-precision and smaller critical dimensions than focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID), traditional liquid metal source FIBID, or other additive manufacturing technology. In this work, we report the effect of beam current, dwell time, and pixel pitch on the resultant segment and angle growth for nanoscale 3D mesh objects. We note subtle beam heating effects, which impact the segment angle and the feature size. Additionally, we investigate the competition of material deposition and sputtering during the 3D FIBID process, with helium ion microscopy experiments and Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show complex 3D mesh structures measuring ~300 nm in the largest dimension, with individual features as small as 16 nm at full width half maximum (FWHM). These assemblies can be completed in minutes, with the underlying fabrication technology compatible with existing lithographic techniques, suggesting a higher-throughput pathway to integrating FIBID with established nanofabrication techniques.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2620864-7
ISSN	2072-666X
ISSN	2072-666X
DOI	10.3390/mi11050527
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Article ; Online: Helium Ion Microscopy for Imaging and Quantifying Porosity at the Nanoscale.

Burch, Matthew J / Ievlev, Anton V / Mahady, Kyle / Hysmith, Holland / Rack, Philip D / Belianinov, Alex / Ovchinnikova, Olga S

Analytical chemistry

2017 Volume 90, Issue 2, Page(s) 1370–1375

Abstract	Nanoporous materials are key components in a vast number of applications from energy to drug delivery and to agriculture. However, the number of ways to analytically quantify the salient features of these materials, for example: surface structure, pore shape, and size, remain limited. The most common approach is gas absorption, where volumetric gas absorption and desorption are measured. This technique has some fundamental drawbacks such as low sample throughput and a lack of direct surface visualization. In this work, we demonstrate Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM) as a tool for imaging and quantification of pores in industrially relevant SiO
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1508-8
ISSN	1520-6882 ; 0003-2700
ISSN (online)	1520-6882
ISSN	0003-2700
DOI	10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04418
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