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  1. Article ; Online: Minding the message: tactics controlling RNA decay, modification, and translation in virus-infected cells.

    Burgess, Hannah M / Vink, Elizabeth I / Mohr, Ian

    Genes & development

    2022  Volume 36, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 108–132

    Abstract: With their categorical requirement for host ribosomes to translate mRNA, viruses provide a wealth of genetically tractable models to investigate how gene expression is remodeled post-transcriptionally by infection-triggered biological stress. By co- ... ...

    Abstract With their categorical requirement for host ribosomes to translate mRNA, viruses provide a wealth of genetically tractable models to investigate how gene expression is remodeled post-transcriptionally by infection-triggered biological stress. By co-opting and subverting cellular pathways that control mRNA decay, modification, and translation, the global landscape of post-transcriptional processes is swiftly reshaped by virus-encoded factors. Concurrent host cell-intrinsic countermeasures likewise conscript post-transcriptional strategies to mobilize critical innate immune defenses. Here we review strategies and mechanisms that control mRNA decay, modification, and translation in animal virus-infected cells. Besides settling infection outcomes, post-transcriptional gene regulation in virus-infected cells epitomizes fundamental physiological stress responses in health and disease.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA Stability/genetics ; Ribosomes/genetics ; Viruses/genetics ; Viruses/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 806684-x
    ISSN 1549-5477 ; 0890-9369
    ISSN (online) 1549-5477
    ISSN 0890-9369
    DOI 10.1101/gad.349276.121
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: An eIF3d-dependent switch regulates HCMV replication by remodeling the infected cell translation landscape to mimic chronic ER stress.

    Thompson, Letitia / Depledge, Daniel P / Burgess, Hannah M / Mohr, Ian

    Cell reports

    2022  Volume 39, Issue 5, Page(s) 110767

    Abstract: Regulated loading of eIF3-bound 40S ribosomes on capped mRNA is generally dependent upon the translation initiation factor eIF4E; however, mRNA translation often proceeds during physiological stress, such as virus infection, when eIF4E availability and ... ...

    Abstract Regulated loading of eIF3-bound 40S ribosomes on capped mRNA is generally dependent upon the translation initiation factor eIF4E; however, mRNA translation often proceeds during physiological stress, such as virus infection, when eIF4E availability and activity are limiting. It remains poorly understood how translation of virus and host mRNAs are regulated during infection stress. While initially sensitive to mTOR inhibition, which limits eIF4E-dependent translation, we show that protein synthesis in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-infected cells unexpectedly becomes progressively reliant upon eIF3d. Targeting eIF3d selectively inhibits HCMV replication, reduces polyribosome abundance, and interferes with expression of essential virus genes and a host gene expression signature indicative of chronic ER stress that fosters HCMV reproduction. This reveals a strategy whereby cellular eIF3d-dependent protein production is hijacked to exploit virus-induced ER stress. Moreover, it establishes how switching between eIF4E and eIF3d-responsive cap-dependent translation can differentially tune virus and host gene expression in infected cells.
    MeSH term(s) Cytomegalovirus/physiology ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-3/genetics ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-3/metabolism ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E/metabolism ; Humans ; Polyribosomes/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Chemical Substances EIF3D protein, human ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-3 ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E ; RNA, Messenger
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2649101-1
    ISSN 2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
    ISSN (online) 2211-1247
    ISSN 2211-1247
    DOI 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110767
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Defining the Role of Stress Granules in Innate Immune Suppression by the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Endoribonuclease VHS.

    Burgess, Hannah M / Mohr, Ian

    Journal of virology

    2018  Volume 92, Issue 15

    Abstract: In response to virus-induced shutoff host protein synthesis, dynamic aggregates containing mRNA, RNA-binding proteins and translation factors termed stress granules (SGs) often accumulate within the cytoplasm. SGs typically form following phosphorylation ...

    Abstract In response to virus-induced shutoff host protein synthesis, dynamic aggregates containing mRNA, RNA-binding proteins and translation factors termed stress granules (SGs) often accumulate within the cytoplasm. SGs typically form following phosphorylation and inactivation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), a substrate of the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated kinase protein kinase R (PKR). The detection of innate immune sensors and effectors like PKR at SGs suggests a role in pathogen nucleic acid sensing. However, the functional importance of SGs in host innate responses is unclear and has primarily been examined in response to infection with select RNA viruses. During infection with the DNA virus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), the virus-encoded virion host shutoff (VHS) endoribonuclease is required to restrict interferon production, PKR activation, and SG formation, although the relationship between these activities remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that in cells infected with a VHS-deficient HSV-1 (ΔVHS) dsRNA accumulated and localized to SGs. Surprisingly, formation of dsRNA and its concentration at SGs was not required for beta interferon mRNA induction, indicating that suppression of type I interferon induction by VHS does not stem from its control of dsRNA accumulation. Instead, STING signaling downstream of cGMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-dependent DNA sensing is required for beta interferon induction. In contrast, significantly less PKR activation is observed when SG assembly is disrupted by ISRIB, an inhibitor of phosphorylated eIF2α-mediated translation repression, or depleting SG scaffolding proteins G3BP1 or TIA1. This demonstrates that PKR activation is intimately linked to SG formation and that SGs form important hubs to potentiate PKR activation during infection.
    MeSH term(s) Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasmic Granules/enzymology ; Cytoplasmic Granules/genetics ; Cytoplasmic Granules/immunology ; Fibroblasts/immunology ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/virology ; Herpesvirus 1, Human/enzymology ; Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics ; Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/immunology ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics ; Nucleotidyltransferases/immunology ; Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism ; RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics ; RNA, Double-Stranded/immunology ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; RNA, Viral/immunology ; RNA, Viral/metabolism ; Ribonucleases/genetics ; Ribonucleases/immunology ; Ribonucleases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Signal Transduction/immunology ; Viral Proteins/genetics ; Viral Proteins/immunology ; Viral Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Membrane Proteins ; RNA, Double-Stranded ; RNA, Viral ; STING1 protein, human ; Viral Proteins ; virion host shutoff protein, Simplexvirus (118367-50-3) ; Nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.-) ; cGAS protein, human (EC 2.7.7.-) ; Ribonucleases (EC 3.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 80174-4
    ISSN 1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
    ISSN (online) 1098-5514
    ISSN 0022-538X
    DOI 10.1128/JVI.00829-18
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Vaccinia virus D10 has broad decapping activity that is regulated by mRNA splicing.

    Ly, Michael / Burgess, Hannah M / Shah, Sahil B / Mohr, Ian / Glaunsinger, Britt A

    PLoS pathogens

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) e1010099

    Abstract: The mRNA 5' cap structure serves both to protect transcripts from degradation and promote their translation. Cap removal is thus an integral component of mRNA turnover that is carried out by cellular decapping enzymes, whose activity is tightly regulated ...

    Abstract The mRNA 5' cap structure serves both to protect transcripts from degradation and promote their translation. Cap removal is thus an integral component of mRNA turnover that is carried out by cellular decapping enzymes, whose activity is tightly regulated and coupled to other stages of the mRNA decay pathway. The poxvirus vaccinia virus (VACV) encodes its own decapping enzymes, D9 and D10, that act on cellular and viral mRNA, but may be regulated differently than their cellular counterparts. Here, we evaluated the targeting potential of these viral enzymes using RNA sequencing from cells infected with wild-type and decapping mutant versions of VACV as well as in uninfected cells expressing D10. We found that D9 and D10 target an overlapping subset of viral transcripts but that D10 plays a dominant role in depleting the vast majority of human transcripts, although not in an indiscriminate manner. Unexpectedly, the splicing architecture of a gene influences how robustly its corresponding transcript is targeted by D10, as transcripts derived from intronless genes are less susceptible to enzymatic decapping by D10. As all VACV genes are intronless, preferential decapping of transcripts from intron-containing genes provides an unanticipated mechanism for the virus to disproportionately deplete host transcripts and remodel the infected cell transcriptome.
    MeSH term(s) Endoribonucleases/metabolism ; Humans ; Poxviridae/genetics ; RNA Caps/genetics ; RNA Caps/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Vaccinia virus/genetics ; Vaccinia virus/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances RNA Caps ; RNA, Messenger ; Viral Proteins ; Endoribonucleases (EC 3.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2205412-1
    ISSN 1553-7374 ; 1553-7374
    ISSN (online) 1553-7374
    ISSN 1553-7374
    DOI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010099
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: CCR4-NOT differentially controls host versus virus poly(a)-tail length and regulates HCMV infection.

    Burgess, Hannah M / Grande, Rebecca / Riccio, Sofia / Dinesh, Ikshitaa / Winkler, Gerlof Sebastiaan / Depledge, Daniel P / Mohr, Ian

    EMBO reports

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 12, Page(s) e56327

    Abstract: Unlike most RNA and DNA viruses that broadly stimulate mRNA decay and interfere with host gene expression, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) extensively remodels the host translatome without producing an mRNA decay enzyme. By performing a targeted loss-of- ... ...

    Abstract Unlike most RNA and DNA viruses that broadly stimulate mRNA decay and interfere with host gene expression, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) extensively remodels the host translatome without producing an mRNA decay enzyme. By performing a targeted loss-of-function screen in primary human fibroblasts, we here identify the host CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex members CNOT1 and CNOT3 as unexpected pro-viral host factors that selectively regulate HCMV reproduction. We find that the scaffold subunit CNOT1 is specifically required for late viral gene expression and genome-wide host responses in CCR4-NOT-disrupted cells. By profiling poly(A)-tail lengths of individual HCMV and host mRNAs using nanopore direct RNA sequencing, we reveal poly(A)-tails of viral messages to be markedly longer than those of cellular mRNAs and significantly less sensitive to CCR4-NOT disruption. Our data establish that mRNA deadenylation by host CCR4-NOT is critical for productive HCMV replication and define a new mechanism whereby herpesvirus infection subverts cellular mRNA metabolism to remodel the gene expression landscape of the infected cell. Moreover, we expose an unanticipated host factor with potential to become a therapeutic anti-HCMV target.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Herpesviridae Infections ; Receptors, CCR4/genetics ; Receptors, CCR4/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Transcription Factors ; RNA, Messenger ; CNOT3 protein, human ; CCR4 protein, human ; Receptors, CCR4 ; CNOT1 protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2020896-0
    ISSN 1469-3178 ; 1469-221X
    ISSN (online) 1469-3178
    ISSN 1469-221X
    DOI 10.15252/embr.202256327
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Evolutionary clash between myxoma virus and rabbit PKR in Australia.

    Burgess, Hannah M / Mohr, Ian

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2016  Volume 113, Issue 15, Page(s) 3912–3914

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Australia ; Biological Evolution ; Myxoma virus ; Rabbits
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1602063113
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Cellular 5'-3' mRNA exonuclease Xrn1 controls double-stranded RNA accumulation and anti-viral responses.

    Burgess, Hannah M / Mohr, Ian

    Cell host & microbe

    2015  Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) 332–344

    Abstract: By accelerating global mRNA decay, many viruses impair host protein synthesis, limiting host defenses and stimulating virus mRNA translation. Vaccinia virus (VacV) encodes two decapping enzymes (D9, D10) that remove protective 5' caps on mRNAs, ... ...

    Abstract By accelerating global mRNA decay, many viruses impair host protein synthesis, limiting host defenses and stimulating virus mRNA translation. Vaccinia virus (VacV) encodes two decapping enzymes (D9, D10) that remove protective 5' caps on mRNAs, presumably generating substrates for degradation by the host exonuclease Xrn1. Surprisingly, we find VacV infection of Xrn1-depleted cells inhibits protein synthesis, compromising virus growth. These effects are aggravated by D9 deficiency and dependent upon a virus transcription factor required for intermediate and late mRNA biogenesis. Considerable double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) accumulation in Xrn1-depleted cells is accompanied by activation of host dsRNA-responsive defenses controlled by PKR and 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), which respectively inactivate the translation initiation factor eIF2 and stimulate RNA cleavage by RNase L. This proceeds despite VacV-encoded PKR and RNase L antagonists being present. Moreover, Xrn1 depletion sensitizes uninfected cells to dsRNA treatment. Thus, Xrn1 is a cellular factor regulating dsRNA accumulation and dsRNA-responsive innate immune effectors.
    MeSH term(s) Cells, Cultured ; Exoribonucleases/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/immunology ; Fibroblasts/virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; Vaccinia virus/immunology ; Vaccinia virus/physiology ; Virus Replication
    Chemical Substances Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; RNA, Double-Stranded ; Exoribonucleases (EC 3.1.-) ; XRN1 protein, human (EC 3.1.13.1)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-02-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2278004-X
    ISSN 1934-6069 ; 1931-3128
    ISSN (online) 1934-6069
    ISSN 1931-3128
    DOI 10.1016/j.chom.2015.02.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: An integrated model for the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding proteins.

    Burgess, Hannah M / Gray, Nicola K

    Communicative & integrative biology

    2012  Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) 243–247

    Abstract: Cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) regulate mRNA stability and translation. Although predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, PABP proteins also cycle through the nucleus. Recent work has established that their steady-state localization can be ...

    Abstract Cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) regulate mRNA stability and translation. Although predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, PABP proteins also cycle through the nucleus. Recent work has established that their steady-state localization can be altered by cellular stresses such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and infection by several viruses, resulting in nuclear accumulation of PABPs. Here, we present further evidence that their interaction with and release from mRNA and translation complexes are important in determining their sub-cellular distribution and propose an integrated model for regulated nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of PABPs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-08-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2451097-X
    ISSN 1942-0889 ; 1942-0889
    ISSN (online) 1942-0889
    ISSN 1942-0889
    DOI 10.4161/cib.19347
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Targeting Poxvirus Decapping Enzymes and mRNA Decay to Generate an Effective Oncolytic Virus.

    Burgess, Hannah M / Pourchet, Aldo / Hajdu, Cristina H / Chiriboga, Luis / Frey, Alan B / Mohr, Ian

    Molecular therapy oncolytics

    2018  Volume 8, Page(s) 71–81

    Abstract: Through the action of two virus-encoded decapping enzymes (D9 and D10) that remove protective caps from mRNA 5'-termini, Vaccinia virus (VACV) accelerates mRNA decay and limits activation of host defenses. D9- or D10-deficient VACV are markedly ... ...

    Abstract Through the action of two virus-encoded decapping enzymes (D9 and D10) that remove protective caps from mRNA 5'-termini, Vaccinia virus (VACV) accelerates mRNA decay and limits activation of host defenses. D9- or D10-deficient VACV are markedly attenuated in mice and fail to counter cellular double-stranded RNA-responsive innate immune effectors, including PKR. Here, we capitalize upon this phenotype and demonstrate that VACV deficient in either decapping enzyme are effective oncolytic viruses. Significantly, D9- or D10-deficient VACV displayed anti-tumor activity against syngeneic mouse tumors of different genetic backgrounds and human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts. Furthermore, D9- and D10-deficient VACV hyperactivated the host anti-viral enzyme PKR in non-tumorigenic cells compared to wild-type virus. This establishes a new genetic platform for oncolytic VACV development that is deficient for a major pathogenesis determinant while retaining viral genes that support robust productive replication like those required for nucleotide metabolism. It further demonstrates how VACV mutants unable to execute a fundamental step in virus-induced mRNA decay can be unexpectedly translated into a powerful anti-tumor therapy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2372-7705
    ISSN 2372-7705
    DOI 10.1016/j.omto.2018.01.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: mRNA-specific regulation of translation by poly(A)-binding proteins.

    Burgess, Hannah M / Gray, Nicola K

    Biochemical Society transactions

    2010  Volume 38, Issue 6, Page(s) 1517–1522

    Abstract: The regulation of translation has emerged as a major determinant of gene expression and is critical for both normal cellular function and the development of disease. Numerous studies have highlighted the diverse, and sometimes related, mechanisms which ... ...

    Abstract The regulation of translation has emerged as a major determinant of gene expression and is critical for both normal cellular function and the development of disease. Numerous studies have highlighted the diverse, and sometimes related, mechanisms which underlie the regulation of global translation rates and the translational control of specific mRNAs. In the present paper, we discuss the emerging roles of the basal translation factor PABP [poly(A)-binding protein] in mRNA-specific translational control in metazoa which suggest that PABP function is more complex than first recognized.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Poly A/genetics ; Poly A/metabolism ; Poly(A)-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Poly(A)-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Isoforms/genetics ; Protein Isoforms/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Poly(A)-Binding Proteins ; Protein Isoforms ; RNA, Messenger ; Poly A (24937-83-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-12-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 184237-7
    ISSN 1470-8752 ; 0300-5127
    ISSN (online) 1470-8752
    ISSN 0300-5127
    DOI 10.1042/BST0381517
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